Elevated gab metabolic acidosis MUD PILES

1-Methenol / Ethanol 2-Uremia

3-DKA
4-paraldehyde ingesion 5-Ischemia

6-Lactic acidosis
7-Ethylene glycol 8-Salicylate poisoning

 Diuretics. Adenomasecreting villous adenoma of the colon. MiscellaneousBartters syndrome,Kdeficiency,Bulimia. Posthypercapnia Emesis. Nasogastric Tube.

Saline-Responsive chlorideresponsive metabolic alkalosis. DAMPEN

Saline-non Responsive metabolic alkalosis.

Alkali ingesion with decrease GFR. Syndrome of mineralo-corticoid excess. Exogenous steroid administration. Licorice ingestion (contain a potent analoge of aldosterone) Cushing syndrome. Primary hyperaldosteronism.

Normal Gab metabolic acidosis DUR HAM

1-Diarrhea 2-Uretreral diversion 3-RTA 4-Hyperalimination 5-Acetazolamide 6-Miscellaneous

Respiratory Alkalosis
Hpoxia : Pneumonia, Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema. Hyperdynamic states: Pain, Fever, Sepsis, Pregnancy, Hyperthyrodism. CNS disorders: CVA, Infection, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Drugs: Salicylates, catecholamines.

Respiratory Acidosis
Brain :Stroke, Hemorrhage, Mass, Hypoglycemia, Truma, Toxin. Spinal cord :Transection at C3-C5, Trauma, Tumor, Transverse myellitis. Phrenic nerve :Pancost tumor, Mediastinal tumor . Diaphragm :Hypophosphatemia, fatigue, Myasthenia gravis, Tetanus. Chest wall :Kyphoscoliosis, Morbid obesity. Pleural space: Pneumothorax, Flail chest. Alveoli :Severe Plmonary edema, Emphysema. Bronchioles,Bronchi :COPD, Asthma, Sarcoidosis. Trachia, Upper air way :Foreign body aspiration.