Cu 1: Cc ch tiu k thut ca amply Cng sut ra danh nh: l cng sut ly ra trn ti quy inh ca amply, cng sut

t danh nh quyt nh ch yu cng sut ca tng khuch i cng sut, ta c: P0(ac)=V2l(ms) / Rl= V2l(p) /2 Rl= V2l(pp) / 8Rl Tng tr ra danh nh: l tng tr ng ra kt ni vi h thng loa cn bit tng tr ra ca my mc loa ph hp. Di tn s lm vic (bng tn): l khong tn s m amply lm vic vi li ch bin i trong phm vi quy nh, thng thng 2dB -> 3dB, l ch tiu quang trng nh gi cht lng amply. mo tn hiu: mo do tng cng sut l ch yu, thng thng 0,8n 1,25%. Vi amply hifi thp hn c th di 0,01% , mo phi tuyn cho php di 5%. Mc tp m: ph thuc vo nhiu tng khuch i u, tp m tn s cao do cm ng t bn ngoi th thm nhp vo cc tng u, tp m tn s thp thng pht sinh mch tng cng sut, mc tp m s c nh ngha bng cng thc (tnh theo dB): S=20log(Vtap/V0) nhy ng vo: nhy ng vo ty thuc vo cc ngun tn hiu nhy ca 1 u vo l mc in p danh nh phi a vo u , bo m cng sut ra danh nh. Hiu sut: c nh ngha l t s cng sut ra danh nh v cng sut ngun cung cp n%= P0(ac)/Pi(dc) thng thng ch tiu trn ny khng c ghi trn ti liu hng dn ca my. Nh ta bit n%<80% cu 2: cc thnh phn y ca tn hiu mu v chc nng tng loi: Tn hiu chi: l tn hiu hnh nh trong truyn hnh en trng , mang thng tin v chi ca cc phn t nh. pha pht ngi ta bin i chi trung bnh ca cc phn t nh thnh tn hiu in_tn hiu chi Ey ri truyn i cng vi tn hiu khc( ng b,

xa). pha thu tn hiu Ey sau khi c lm tr 0,7uS c a vo ma trn cng vi cc tn hiu mu c bn Eb v Eg c a vo 3 catot n hnh iu khin cc sng in t bn cc tia in t vo cc huznh quang mu tng ng. Tn hiu m thanh l tn hiu mang d liu v m thanh: Pha pht: m thanh c micro thu v bin i thnh tn hiu in. sau n c iu ch vi sng mang ting Fmt=4,5; 5,5; 6,5mHz. sau c cng vi tn hiu video (tn hiu chi, mnh, dng, ng b, buss mu to ra tn hiu y . Pha thu: ngi ta tch ly tn hiu ting , ri gii iu ch thu c tn hiu ting ban u v c khuch i a ra loa cho ta tn hiu m thanh ban u. Cu 3: nh ngha v nh sng, mu sc, ba c tnh mu sc v nguyn tc trn mu: nh sng kh bing hay nh sng nhn thy c l mt dng sng in t chim mt di tn s hp: f=3,8x1014 -> 7,8x1014Hz. Lan truyn trong khng gian vi vn tc C= 3x108m/s nh sng c tn s khc nhau khi tc ng vo mt cho ta cm gic mu sc khc nhau, di nh sng nhn thy cho ta tt c cc mu sc ca cu vng. 3 c tnh ca mu sc: chi, sc iu, bo ha mu Nguyn tc trn mu: dng ba mu c bn R (), G (lc). B (l) trn li vi nhau theo cc liu lng thch hp s to ra mu sc cn thit: Vd: RED = 1R+0G+0B Lam = 0R+ 1G+1B V vy xc nh mt mu sc no ch cn bit liu lng pha trn tng ng ca R,B,G. Cu 4: lch m hc trong m thanh lp th (stereo) s lch pha v cch khc phc:

 Trong mt h thng loa, 2 loa ng pha khi mng loa chng di chuyn ng thi v pha trc cng nh pha sau, khi cc loa cng pha th thanh p s tng, khi 2 loa lch pha th thanh p s tr nhau trong khu vc tn s ct. Trong m thanh lp th (stereo) cch u dy trong v ngoi cc thng loa phi ging nhau cc thng loa ng pha nu cc thng loa lch pha s mt tc dng lp th B lc tn s cng c tc dng lm lch pha v c s hin din ca t in v cun dy s lch pha in hc dn n lch pha m hc Trong h thng 2 ng ting c 2 t in: lch pha nhau 900 Trong h thng 2 ng ting c t v cun dy; 2 pha lch pha nhau 1800 cch khc phc 2 trng hp trn: Lch pha 900 ta t loa tweeter li v pha sau loa chnh bc sng m tn s ct Trng hp lch pha 1800 ta khc phc bng cch u ngc chiu (+) v (-) ca loa tweeter. Khng nn p dng phng php ny vi loa chnh Cu 5: 3 h truyn hnh FCC, CCIR, OCRT: FCC l tiu chun ca truyn hnh M, Nht, Hn Quc. + S dng qut trn 1 hnh: 525 + s hnh 1 giy: 30 + cch qut: xen k + rng di tn hnh: 4Mhz + tn s qut ngang Fh=525x30=15750Hz + chu kz qut ngang: 63,4uS + tn s qut dc 60Hz + chu kz qut dc l 16,666mS + phng php iu ch tn hiu hnh: bin m + phng php iu ch tn hiu ting: tn s + Khong cch gia sng mang v ting:4,5Mhz CCIR l tiu chun truyn hnh nhiu nc chu u, chu , chu phi. + S dng qut trn 1 hnh: 625

+ s hnh 1 giy: 25 + cch qut: xen k + rng di tn hnh: 5Mhz + tn s qut ngang Fh=615x25=15625Hz + chu kz qut ngang: 64uS + tn s qut dc 50Hz + chu kz qut dc l 20mS + phng php iu ch tn hiu hnh: bin m + phng php iu ch tn hiu ting: tn s + Khong cch gia sng mang v ting:5,5Mhz OIRT l tiu chun ca truyn hnh nga, trung Quc v vit Nam + S dng qut trn 1 hnh: 625 + s hnh 1 giy: 25 + cch qut: xen k + rng di tn hnh: 6Mhz + tn s qut ngang Fh=615x25=15625Hz + chu kz qut ngang: 64uS + tn s qut dc 50Hz + chu kz qut dc l 20mS + phng php iu ch tn hiu hnh: bin m + phng php iu ch tn hiu ting: tn s + Khong cch gia sng mang v ting:6,5Mhz Cu 6: nh ngha tn hiu chi, ti sao ta ch truyn i 2 tn hiu mu: nh ngha: nu ly 1 ngun nh sang c tn hiu chun m mt ngi ghi nhn chi 100% th cng vi cng y, nh sng cho mt ngi cm nhn chi 30%, nh sng l l 11% v nh sng xanh l 59% => ph hp vi mt ngi. ta c: Ey= 0,3ER + 0,11EB + 0,59EG Bi v trong khong bin thin ca EG EY l nh nht, ngha l t thng tin nht, mt nhy cm vi mu G, nn di tng ca EG EY cao nht, nn gy nhiu nhiu nht. V vy ngi ta chn 2 tn hiu sc ER EY v EB EY truyn i

Cu 7: Pha pht: 1 nh c chia thnh nhiu phn t c din tch rt nh gi l cc phn t nh ri ln lt bin i chi trung bnh ca cc phn t nh thnh tn hiu in theo trnh t nht nh ta c tn hiu video, c ngha l bin i quang thnh in, mun vy pha pht phi dng phng php qut nh, ng qut trong camera thc hin nhim v ny. Pha thu: bin i ln lt tr tc thi ca cc tn hiu hnh nh thnh tn hiu in c chi xc nh v sp xp chng theo mt trnh t nht nh, ging nh trnh t sp xp trn bc nh truyn hnh, ng thu hnh thc hin nhim v n. Tuy cc phn t nh xut hin ln lt nhng nh s lu nh ca mt ngi ta cm nhn c bc nh hon chnh. Phng php qut dng v qut mnh: tit kim di thng ngi ta khng qut lin tc m qut xen k, 1 nh c qut lam 2 bn nh, ln th nht qut c bn nh l , ln th 2 qut c bn nh chn, 2 bn nh thnh 1 nh Theo h thng tn hiu trong OIRT v CCIR mi giy truyn i 50 mnh trong 25 mnh chn v 25 mnh l Trong qut xen k tn s dng phi lun l bi s ca tn s mnh Cu 8: trnh by phng php lng t ha video ta cn xc nh cc yu t: Chun ha tn hiu video S bt tng ng vi 1 mu: 8 bit/sample hoc 10 bit/sample S mc lng t danh nh Mc lng t ca tn hiu chi EY trong trng hp m ha 8 bit/sample Chun ha: khong bin thin 0 -> 700mV S mc lng t: 256 mc, 3 khong trn v di Cu 9: ti sao phi chn tn s sng mang ph Fsc=3,58mHZ trong h mu NTSC: Nu chn Fsc bt kz t dng trn xung n dng bn di, cc chm en trng s dch chuyn i 1 t theo chiu ngang dn n nhiu xut hin theo cc vt cho ca chm en .

 Chn Fsc=nFH (bi s ca tn s qut ngang, n l s nguyn) cc sc en trng s xp thng ng. Chn Fsc=(2n+1)Fh/2 cc im en s b tr xen k, c trong 2 nh cc im sng ti chp tt 1 ln, tn s chp tt ca cc im en trng l 15 ln/s, nn mt ngi khng th nhn ra c m ch thy mn nh sng u ln mt cht. Tm li v hiu ha nhiu tp do sng mang to ra trn mn hnh ta phi chn Fsc =(2n+1)Fh/2 v Fm Fsc =(2k+1)Fh/2 Fm= [2(n+k)+2]Fh/2=(n+k+1)Fh T ta thy tn s Fm phi bng bi s tn s qut ngang Theo tiu chun FCC th iu kin ny khng tha mn v theo tiu chun ny Fm=4,5mHz v Fh=15750Hz nn n=Fm/Fh=285,71 => n khng phi l s nguyn Nu ly n=286 v gi nguyn Fh th Fm=286xFh=4,5045MHz cch ny khng th c v phi m bo tnh kt hp vi truyn hnh en trng, v vy ch cn cch thay i tn s qut ngang. Do tng s qut ngang ca NTSC c thay i li l: Fh=4500.000/286=15.734 -> tn s qut dc ca h cng thay i theo Fv=Fhx2/525=60Hz T nhng l do trn m cui cng h mu NTSC chn tn s sng mang ph l: Fsc=(2n+1)Fh/2=3.8MHz Cu 10: Ti sao tn s ly mu hnh tng hp l 13,5MHz: V gi tr 13,5MHZ l mt s nguyn ln tn s Fh cho c 2 tiu chun 525 v 625 dng Ta thy: 13,5MHz=864xFh (i vi 625 dng) 13,5MHz=858x Fh (i vi 525 dng)

 Theo nghin cu ca cc t chc quc t khi tn s ly mu gn phm vi 13MHz th cht lng khi phc nh s rt tt, nu tn s ly mu nh hn 13MHz, cht lng gim i r rt. Bi vy tn s ly mu l 13,5 MHz l tn s c cc t chc quc t cng nhn Cu 25: M ngun v m knh l g? Trnh by cc c tnh ca chng