Atomic Structure

Tanawat Attachaipanich
M.5/5 MWIT 19

Dalton hypothesis

1.
2.
3.
4. (
internal structure)

Dalton Atomic Model

Hard sphere
No internal structure

Is it true?
Magnetic Property?

Is it true?
Nuclear reaction?

Is it true?
Isotope?

Cathode Ray
Cathode ray acted like light
Cathode ray travel in straight line

Cathode Ray
Cathode ray is a particle

J.J. Thomson
The discovery of electron

Electron Property
Electron is a negative charge

Electron Property
Not change if change gas

Millikan

Electron Mass

Electron Property
Electron charge = 1.6x10-19
Electron mass = 9.1x10-28

Problem
100 MWIT

: 1 : 2

2 , 4 , 6
8
MWIT (4 )

J.J. Thomson Atomic Model

Proton
Discovered by Goldstein
Positive ray, Canal ray, Anode ray

Positive ray

Proton properties
Change if change gas (Why?)
e/m of hydrogen gas=
coulomb
Proton charge=
Proton mass=

Discovery of Nucleus
Rutherford experiment

Comparison model
Thomson model

Result(Rutherford)

Comparison model
Thomson model

Rutherford model

Rutherford Atomic Model

Rutherford Atomic Model

Rutherford Atomic
Model

Rutherford Atomic Model

1.Electron

2.

Neutron
Discovered by Chadwick
The equation is

Summary

Blackbody radiation
More temperature more wavelength max

Planck Quantum Theory

C=
E=hc/
E=h
C=3x108 m/s
h=6.626x10-34 Js

Problems
X
25.5 nm
2.438x102 kJ/mol
visible light

Photoelectric

Photoelectric

Comparison to classical theory

Classical theory
photoelectron

Experiment result
photoelectron

Photoelectric

h = h 0+Ek

Photoelectric
1. threshold
frequency
2. photoelectron

3. photoelectron
4. threshold frequency
5. Photon

Problem

Ultraviolet
36 nm
-18
4.77x10 J

The end of classical theory

classical theory

The end of classical theory

1. Electron

2.
3.
Photoelectric

Bohr theory
1. electron
2.

Bohr theory(1)
1.Electron path Ground
state
2. Excited state
Ground state

Spectrum

Hydrogen spectrum

Visible light

Rydberg constant

Problems
3

Bohr theory(2)

Electron

Bohr theory
1.

2. Bohr
1, 2, 3
K, L, M..
3. photon
E = hu

Bohr theory

4.

5. Bohr

Bohr theory
6.

DE

= E - E
f
i

= hu

Bohr theory

Bohr theory

Bohr theory

1.
Quantisation
2.

3. 2

Problem

(2 )

De Broglie hypothesis
()

(photon)

Electron()

Particle wave duality

1.

2.

Wave

Particle wave duality

n=5
n

2 r = n

Particle wave duality

Problem


2r = n n
n

(2 )

De Broglie wavelenght
For particles: E = mc2 (Einstein)
For light: E = hn = hc /

mc = h /
= h / mc

= h / mev

Prove Bohr equation

= h / mev
2r = n

2r = n h / mev

mevr = nh / 2

The Uncertainty principle

By Heisenberg

The Uncertainty principle

The Uncertainty principle

px h / 4
px
p
x

The Schrodinger Equation

Y is a wave function
Y2 is a probability density

Y +Y
A B

Y2

Y -Y
A
B

Quantum Numbers
Use to solve the Schrodinger
equation
1.(n)
2.(l)
3.(ml)
4. (ms)

Principal Quantum number

n
n

Subshell Quantum number

l
l 0 n-1
electron

Magnetic Quantum number

ml
ml -l l
electron

S orbital

Magnetic Quantum number

Magnetic Quantum number

Problem

Spin Quantum number

ms
ms -1/2 1/2
electron

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

2
4

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration
1.
(Aufbau principle)
2 .
(Hunds rule)
-
(degenerate orbitals)

Advanced Problem

 electron

Bohr

 electron p-orbital
Node

 electron

 hypotransition (
) g
1.
2.
3.
4.
diamagnetic
5. 7
g
6.

 -1 ( cm-1)
250
nm 400 nm 667 nm

2
1.
3

2.
cm-1