T < 906

C
T > 906

2, 06%

HB = 800...1000MPa R
m
280MPa
A = 35...40%
Fe
3
C
HRC 65 6, 7%
0, 8%
HB = 2000...2500MPa R
m
880MPa
A = 15...20%

HRC 50...65 A = 1...5%

A
3
+ 50

C A
1
A
3
A
1
+50

C
C < 0, 2%
C, Mo, V a, Cr, Mn, Ni, Si
A
1
500

C 650

C
300

C 500

C
A
1
A
3
+50

C
600

C
600

C
C25 0, 25%
36NiCrMo16
100Cr6
65HRC
CrMo4
42CrMo4
700

C 300

C
a = `/(c
h

`
0
0n
= h(
f
)
0
0n
= 2H(
f
)
H =
h
2`
mm
1
D

0

f
t
700
300
d

1
= 700

C
2
= 300

C
n

2

a L
2
/T
D L
d L
H L
1

f

t
700
300
T

1
=

1

2
=
at
700
300
D
2

3
= HD

4
=
d
D

1
at
700
300
D
2
= f(HD,
d
D
)
HL
d
J
at
700
300
L
2
= g(
d
J
L
)
d
d
J
t
700
300
L
2
g(
d
J
L
) = D
2
f(HD,
d
D
)
d
J
= Lg
1

D
2
L
2
f(HD,
d
D
)

L
d
J
= F(H, D,
d
D
)
D H
d/D = r/R
r/R
r/R = 1/2
r/R = 3/4
H
d
J
= 0
H

r/R

=
1
45

2H

(0) + 18H

(
1
2
) + 16H

(
3
4
) + 9H

(1)

I.P. = 100
2, 5
KCU KV
KV
J
0, 62
KCU
J/cm
2
+ 3
KCU
J/cm
2
1, 61

KV
J
3

R
m
< 700MPa Re < 365MPa
28mm
R
m
600MPa, KV 40J
16 < c 40
Re/Mpa KV/J
25CrMo4
34CrMo4
36CrNiMo4
34CrNiMo6
25CrMo4 34CrMo4
25CrMo4
T

= 830...870

C
540...680

C
25CrMo4, TH 830...870, R 540...680
R
m
HV
HB HRC
H
c = 65
R
m
850MPa
850MPa HB =
2500Mpa HRC = 25
HRC = 30
R
m
/Mpa
34CrMo4
42CrMo4
51CrV 4
34CrNiMo6
34CrMo4
42CrMo4
51CrV 4
34CrNiMo6
H = 0, 010...0, 012mm
1
H = 0, 011mm
1
65mm H = 0, 011mm
1
d
J
= 25mm
d
J
=
25mm
HRC = 30
34CrMo4
42CrMo4
51CrV 4
34CrNiMo6
34CrMo4
42CrMo4
51CrV 4
34CrNiMo6
34CrNiMo6
34CrMo4
550

C
34CrMo4, TH830 870, R550
R
t
R
a
R
t
R
t
4R
a
R
t
9R
a
R
t
2R
t
k5
H8
ei EI es ES ES EI
es ei IT it
1, 2, ..., 14
a, ...z A, ...Z
EI = 0
H h
a h k
z
A H K Z js
JS
JS14 js14
/ /
f
y
y
m
y
m
= p p
y
M
x x
m
x
m
= p
a b / /
f
y
y = / a b h
y
M
y
M
= /
M
a
m
b
m
h
m
y
m
y
m
= /
m
a
M
b
M
h
M
/
M
/
m
/
M
= y
M
+a
m
+b
m
+h
m
/
m
= y
m
+a
M
+b
M
+h
M
/
/ = y +a +b +h
y y = Y (/, a, b, h)
/
M
6= y
M
+a
M
+b
M
+h
M
/
m
6= y
m
+a
m
+b
m
+h
m
x
x = b +a / + /
f
y
x
m
= b
m
+a
m
/
M
+ /
fm
/
fm
= x
m
b
m
a
m
+ /
M
x
M
y =

/ a

h
ES EI
ES(y) = ES(/) EI(a) EI(b) EI(h)
EI(y) = EI(/) ES(a) ES(b) ES(h)
IT(y) = IT(/) +IT(a) +IT(b) +IT(h)
IT(/) = IT(y) IT(a) IT(b) IT(h)
IT(l) 0
IT(y) > IT(a) +IT(b) +IT(h)
d
1
/
d
D d
1
d D
/
x x
m
> 0
x d d
1
D
d

1
D

d
m
d

d
M
d
1m
d

1
d
1M
D
m
D

D
M
x =
D
2
+
d
2
+ / +d

2

D

2
x
m
=
D
M
2
+
d
m
2
+ /
m
+d

1m

M
2

D

M
2
/
m
= x
m
+
D
M
2
+
D

M
2

d
m
2
+
d
M

2
d

1m
D

M
= D
M
d

M
= d
M
d

1m
= d
1m
l
m
= x
m
+D
M
+
1
2
IT(d) d
1m
d d

IT(d)/2
0, 1mm
200mm
0, 05mm
0, 02mm
0, 05mm
0, 1mm
0, 1mm
60

0, 1mm 60

c = 0, 5mm
c = 0, 03mm A
A
0, 06mm
0, 03mm A
A B
0, 02mm
A
F
E
7800kg/m
3
M1
[C] < 0, 65% [Mn], [Ni], [Cr], [Mo], [V ], [W] < 5%
M2
[C] 0, 65% [Mn], [Ni], [Cr], [Mo], [V ], [W] 5%
S
S =
0 < S 0, 16 S4
0, 16 < S 0, 32 S3
0, 32 < S 0, 63 S2
0, 63 < S 1 S1
I
I( ) > I( ) > I( )
I(A) < I(B) < I(C)
S
L
A 0, 2mm+ 0, 0015A 0, 45mm+ 0, 0020A
B 0, 3mm+ 0, 0020B 0, 55mm+ 0, 0025B
C 0, 4mm+ 0, 0025C 0, 65mm+ 0, 0030C
A 0, 5mm+ 0, 0020A 1, 5mm+ 0, 0022A
B 0, 8mm+ 0, 0025B 2, 0mm+ 0, 0025B
C 1, 0mm+ 0, 0030C 2, 2mm+ 0, 0030C
A 0, 4mm+ 0, 0020A 1, 0mm+ 0, 0022A
B 0, 7mm+ 0, 0025B 1, 3mm+ 0, 0025B
C 0, 8mm+ 0, 0030C 1, 5mm+ 0, 0030C
A 0, 15mm+ 0, 0008A
B 0, 20mm+ 0, 0010B
C 0, 30mm+ 0, 0020C
f
D
f
0, 6mm+ 0, 0020D
0, 4mm+ 0, 0015D
D 20mm 0, 1mm
D > 20mm 0, 1 + 0, 015(
D10mm
D
)
A B C
A 0, 4mm+ 0, 0030A 1, 0mm+ 0, 0040A
B 0, 6mm+ 0, 0040B 1, 6mm+ 0, 0050B
C 0, 8mm+ 0, 0050C 2, 0mm+ 0, 0060C
N
p
x
k x(k)
c
s
0
s
0
s
c
a

a
+
a
c
t
= c
a
+ c
s
c
g

g
+
g
c
r

r
+
r

a
0, 3mm
0, 2mm
0, 05mm
0, 2mm
0, 1mm
0, 05mm
a
0, 1mm

a
U
U
p

a

r

g

s
U
a
U
a
1
U
p
2

r

g

s
U
o

s
U
p
1
U
a
1
U
o
1
U
o
2
100 0, 5mm
U

(t) t
R c
a
c
g
c
r
c
s
(t)
U

(t) = R + c
a
+ c
g
+ c
r
+ c
s
(t)

a
c
a

a

g
c
g

g

r
c
r

r

s
T
c
s
(0) = 0 , c
s
(t) " , c
s
(T) =
s
c
s
(0) = 0 , c
s
(t) # , c
s
(T) =
s
max
t2[0,T]
U

M
(t) U
M
min
t2[0,T]
U

m
(t) U
m
U
m
min
t
U

m
(t) = min
t
(R
r

a
+ c
s
(t))
R
r

a
+ 0
U
M
max
t
U

M
(t) = max
t
(R +
r
+
g
+
a
+ c
s
(t))
R +
r
+
g
+
a
+
s

=
a
+
g
+
r

s
U
M
R

R = U
m
+

s
0

s
+ 2

IT(U)
IT(U) 2

s
> 0
U
m
min
t
U

m
(t) = min
t
(R
r

a
+ c
s
(t))
R
r

a
s
U
M
max
t
U

M
(t) = max
t
(R +
r
+
g
+
a
+ c
s
(t))
R +
r
+
g
+
a
+ 0
s R

U
m
R = U
M

IT(U)
IT(U) 3

IT/3
R = U
m
+IT/3
R = U
M
IT/3
Z
z
X
x
Y
y
x y
z
U
1
C U
3
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
2
C
C
C = U
1
+U
2
U
3

C =

U
1
+

U
2

U
3

U
2
=

C +

U
1
+

U
3
IT(C) = IT(U
1
) +IT(U
2
) +IT(U
3
)
IT(U
2
) = IT(C) IT(U
1
) IT(U
3
)
IT(U
2
)
C
ES(C) = EI(U
1
) +ES(U
2
) EI(U
3
)
EI(C) = ES(U
1
) +EI(U
2
) ES(U
3
)
ES(U
2
) = ES(C) +EI(U
1
) +EI(U
3
)
EI(U
2
) = EI(C) +ES(U
1
) +ES(U
3
)
U
2
IT(U
2
)
U
1
U
3
C
C
F
1
F
2
U
1
U
2
U
1
x = y U
1
x = y

U
1

U
1
= y x = 100 40 = 60
IT(x) = IT(y) +IT(U
1
)
IT(U
1
) = IT(x) IT(y) = 0, 3 0, 2 = 0, 1
ES(x) = ES(y) EI(U
1
)
EI(x) = EI(y) ES(U
1
)
EI(U
1
) = ES(y) ES(x) = 0, 1 0 = 0, 1
ES(U
1
) = EI(y) EI(x) = 0, 1 (0, 3) = 0, 2
U
1
= 60
+0,2
+0,1
0, 1
U
2
x = y U
2
x = y

U
2

U
2
= y x = 60 20 = 40
IT(x) = IT(y) +IT(U
2
)
IT(U
2
) = IT(x) IT(y) = 0, 1 0, 4 = 0, 3
y IT(y) 0, 1
IT(y) = 0, 05
y = 60
0,025
U
2
ES(x) = ES(y) EI(U
2
)
EI(x) = EI(y) ES(U
2
)
EI(U
2
) = ES(y) ES(x) = 0, 025 0, 1 = 0, 075
ES(U
2
) = EI(y) EI(x) = 0, 025 0 = 0, 025
U
2
= 40
0,025
0,075
y
F
1
U
x = y U
x = y

U

U = y x = 75 56 = 19
IT(x) = IT(y) +IT(U)
IT(U) = IT(x) IT(y) = 0, 05 0, 5 = 0, 45
y
x IT(y) = 0, 025
y = 75
+0,025
0
ES(x) = ES(y) EI(U)
EI(x) = EI(y) ES(U)
EI(U) = ES(y) ES(x) = +0, 025 0, 05 = 0, 025
ES(U) = EI(y) EI(x) = 0 0 = 0
U = 19
0
0,025
x
x F
2
F
1
F
1
F
2
U
0
= ? |0, 05
F
1
F
2
F
1
80mm
1
F
1
| k |U
1
|

1
= 0

1
=
U
1
80
F
2

2
F
2
| k |U
2

2
= 0

2
=
U
2
30

12

12
=
1

12
=
1
+
2

12
=
F
2
| k |F
1
30
=
0, 06
30
= 0, 002

1
=
2
=

=
1
2

12
=
1
2
.0, 002 = 0, 001
U
1
=

.80mm = 0, 08mm
U
2
=

.30mm = 0, 03mm
F
2
U
3
axe
3
| ? |0, 1|F
2

23

23
=

23

23
=
0, 1
20
= 0, 005
20mm
3

23
=
3

23
=
3
+
2

2
= 0, 001

3
=
23

2
= 0, 005 0, 001 = 0, 004
U
3
= 0, 004.20mm = 0, 08mm
U
3
U
2
F
1
F
2
(x
1
, x
2
)
x
1
= 0
IT(x
1
)/2
, x
2
= 0
IT(x
2
)/2
x
2
1
+x
2
2

1
2

2
IT
2
(x
1
) +IT
2
(x
2
) = 1
x
1
x
2
x
1
= 15, 910 a
1
+U
1
x
2
= 15, 910 a
2
+U
2
IT(x
1
) = IT(a
1
) +IT(U
1
) = IT(U
1
) + 0, 4
IT(x
2
) = IT(a
2
) +IT(U
2
) = IT(U
2
) + 0, 1
IT(U
1
) = IT(U
2
) = i
IT(x
1
) = i + 0, 4; IT(x
2
) = i + 0, 1
1 = (i + 0, 4)
2
+ (i + 0, 1)
2
= 2i
2
+ 2i(0, 4 + 0, 1) + (0, 4)
2
+ (0, 1)
2
2i
2
+i 0, 83 = 0
i =
1 +
p
1 + 4.2.0, 83
4
= 0, 441
IT(x
1
) = i + 0, 4 = 0, 841; IT(x
2
) = i + 0, 1 = 0, 541
x
1
= 0
0,420
; x
2
= 0
0,270
U
1
U
2
U
1
0 = x
1
= 15, 910 a
1
+

U
1

U
1
= a
1
15, 910 = 35 15, 910 = 19, 090
ES(x
1
) = EI(a
1
) +ES(U
1
)
ES(U
1
) = EI(a
1
) +ES(x
1
) = 0, 2 + 0, 420 = 0, 220
EI(x
1
) = ES(a
1
) +EI(U
1
)
EI(U
1
) = ES(a
1
) +EI(x
1
) = +0, 2 0, 420 = 0, 220
U
1
= 19, 090
0,220
U
2
0 = x
2
= 15, 910 a
2
+

U
2

U
2
= a
2
15, 910 = 27 15, 910 = 11, 090
ES(x
2
) = EI(a
2
) +ES(U
2
)
ES(U
2
) = EI(a
2
) +ES(x
2
) = 0, 05 + 0, 270 = 0, 220
EI(x
2
) = ES(a
2
) +EI(U
2
)
EI(U
2
) = ES(a
2
) +EI(x
2
) = 0, 05 0, 270 = 0, 220
U
2
= 11, 090
0,220
70
+0,3
0
U
2
U
3
y = 70
+0,3
0
= U
2
U
3
x =
1
2
U
1
+
1
2
(U
2
+U
3
)
1
2

U
2

1
2

U
3
= 35
1
2

U
2
+
1
2

U
3
= x +
1
2

U
1
= 0 + 60 = 60

U
2
= 60 + 35 = 95

U
3
= 60 35 = 25
IT(y) = 0, 3 = IT(U
2
) +IT(U
3
)
IT(x) = 0, 6 =
1
2
IT(U
1
) +
1
2
[IT(U
2
) +IT(U
3
)]
IT(U
2
) +IT(U
3
) = 2IT(x) IT(U
1
) = 1, 2 0, 2 = 1
ES(y) = 0, 3 = ES(U
2
) EI(U
3
)
EI(y) = EI(U
2
) ES(U
3
)
ES(U
2
) = EI(U
3
) = es
EI(U
2
) = ES(U
3
) = ei
2es = 0, 3; 2ei = 0
es = 0, 15; ei = 0
U
2
= 95
+0,15
0
; U
3
= 25
0
0,15
ES(x) =
1
2
EI(U
1
) +
1
2
ES(U
2
) +
1
2
ES(U
3
) = 0, 05 + 0, 075 + 0 = 0, 125
EI(x) =
1
2
ES(U
1
) +
1
2
EI(U
2
) +
1
2
EI(U
3
) = 0, 05 + 0 0, 075 = 0, 125
U
2
U
3
70
+0,3
0
70
+0,3
0
x =
1
2
U
1
+U
3
+
1
2
U
2
U
3
x = 0 =
1
2

U
1
+

U
3
+
1
2

U
2

U
3
= x +
1
2

U
1

1
2

U
2
= 0 + 60 35 = 25
IT(x) = 0, 6 =
1
2
IT(U
1
) +IT(U
3
) +
1
2
IT(U
2
)
IT(U
3
) = IT(x)
1
2
IT(U
1
)
1
2
IT(U
2
) = 0, 6 0, 1 0, 15 = 0, 35
U
3
ES(x) =
1
2
EI(U
1
) +ES(U
3
) +
1
2
ES(U
2
)
EI(x) =
1
2
ES(U
1
) +EI(U
3
) +
1
2
EI(U
2
)
ES(U
3
) = ES(x) +
1
2
EI(U
1
)
1
2
ES(U
2
) = 0, 3 0, 05 0, 15 = 0, 1
EI(U
3
) = EI(x) +
1
2
ES(U
1
)
1
2
EI(U
2
) = 0, 3 + 0, 05 0 = 0, 25
U
3
= 25
+0,1
0,25
Cp
m
Cp
m
/mm
L 250mm
250mm < L 1000mm
L 250mm
250mm < L 1000mm
Cp
m
/mm
0, 1
1
IT/mm
IT
30
0
0,1
Cp
m
=

2, 5
0, 5
IT =

0, 8
0, 5
Cp = B U
1
Cp
m
= B
m
U
1M
= 2, 5
IT(U
1
) = 0, 8
Cp = U
1
U
2
Cp
m
= U
1m
U
2M
= 2, 5
IT(U
2
) = 0, 2
Cp = U
2
U
3
Cp
m
= U
2m
U
3M
= 0, 5
IT(U
3
) = 0, 2
Cp = U
3
U
4
Cp
m
= U
3m
U
4M
= 0, 5
U
4
= 30
0
0,1
U
3m
= U
4M
+ 0, 5 = 30 + 0, 5 = 30, 5
IT(U
3
) = 0, 2
U
3
= 30, 5
+0,2
0
U
2m
= U
3M
+ 0, 5 = 30, 7 + 0, 5 = 31, 2
IT(U
2
) = 0, 2
U
2
= 31, 2
+0,2
0
U
1m
= U
2M
+ 2, 5 = 31, 4 + 2, 5 = 33, 9
IT(U
1
) = 0, 8
U
1
= 33, 9
+0,8
0
B
m
= U
1M
+ 2, 5 = 34, 7 + 2, 5 = 37, 2
B = 37, 2min
a
a
a = B +U
IT(a) = IT(B) +IT(U)
IT(U) = IT(a) IT(B)
B
a
Ft20
F1 F2 F3 F4
D1 D2 D3 D4 B1 B2 B3
B1
D1 B1
D2
D1 D4
D3
D1 F2
B3
B1
F2 F2
F1
D2
;120
+0,4
0
D1
D4
F2 F2
F1 4
0,1
D1 ;64
0
0,03
D4 ;40
+0,05
0
F2
D1
F3
F4
F3 10
+0,1
0
F4 50
+
0, 2
0
D3 ;80
0
0,5
U
8
= 50
+0,2
0
U
7
= 10
+0,1
0
U
6
= 50, 7
+0,2
0
U
5
= 10, 6
+0,2
0
U
4
= 4
0,1
U
3
= 0, 5
+0,2
0
U
2
= 4, 1
+0,2
0
(c) )U
1m
= 2 +U
3M
+U
5M
= 2 + 0, 7 + 10, 8 = 13, 5
U
1
= 13, 5
+
0,8
0
(d) )B
3M
= 2 U
1m
+U
3M
+U
6M
= 2 13, 5 + 0, 7 + 50, 9 = 40, 1
B
3
= 40, 1min
(b) )B
2m
= 2 +U
1M
+U
2M
= 2 + 14, 3 + 4, 3 = 20, 6
B
2
= 20, 6min
(a) )B
1m
= 2 +U1M = 2 + 14, 9 = 16, 3
B
1
= 16, 3min
e
R R
p
Cp
1
= R
p
Re Cp
2
= R
p
R+e
Cp
m
R
p
R e Cp
m
D4 D1 D2
F2
B1 D1
I
I
o
z
N M
a
M
p
= Re
bh
2
4
b h
b o
M
M
p
= o
M
bh
2
6
o
M
=
3
2
Re
c Re/2
+Re Re
A
B
A B
h y
o = Ay + B
_
h
0
ody = 0
_
h
0
oydy = 0
o = Ay
2
+By +C
o = A(y
2
hy +
h
2
6
)
o
M
= A

h
2
6

k < h
o = 1 o = y
]0, k[
o

= A(y
2
ky +
k
2
6
)
o = o

o
= A(h k)y A

h
2
k
2
6

= A(h k)(y
k
2
) +A(h k)
k
2
A

h
2
k
2
6

= A(h k)(y
k
2
) +
A
3
(h k)(k
h
2
)
A > 0 E
=
A
E
(h k)
=
A
3E
(h k)(h
k
2
)
k > h/2
o

M
= A

k
2
6

= o
M

k
h

2
/ < k
A

2
= A(/ k)
h k = k / = a
o

M
= o

/
k

2
= o
M

/
h

2
a
AlCu
4
Mg
1
0, 01mm
/ > 6
/ 6
x
6 2 = 4
/
m (6m)
(6 m)
h
h = / +m6
F
1
F
2
F
1
+F
2
= 2F
3
(F
1
+F
2
)/
12
= F
3
/
3
/
12
=
F
3
F
1
+f
2
/
3
=
1
2
/
3
A B C
0, 05mm
C F
theta / =

2
p p
T
ut
= F/
T
m
= C

T
ut
= T
m
C =
F/

=
Fp
2
= 0, 1
60

D
j
j/2
= j// /
0, 01...0, 02mm
A B C
F A B C
F
A C B
A C c
O A C
A C ,
D
R
F
cT = Fxc Rx
0
c = F(x x
0
)c > 0
C D
R O
c
1
c
2
c
1
c
2
R 2R+c
1
+c
2
R
t

f
2
Z
8R
R f
Z
R
t

f
2
8R
Z
2
Z
c
1
c
1
/mm
H
7
h
6
5%
C
_
C
m
=
_
7
24
_
+0,02%
0
C
f
=
_
7
24
_
0
0,02%
_
C
m
=
7
24
+ 0, 0002 = 0, 2919
C
f
=
7
24
0, 0002 = 0, 2915
O
D
f
D
m
= 0, 0004x
=
1
2
(D
f
D
m
)
x
= 0, 0002rad
L
O
R = L = 2.10
4
L
d = 2R = 4.104L
100mm O
d = 0, 04mm
5m
200mm
=
2.10
3
100
= 2.10
5
rad
E
E = 2.10
5
R
100mm
140mm
150mm R = 290mm
E = 2.10
5
.290 = 5, 8.10
3
mm
D = 2E = 0, 0116mm
/
R
R

R
2
= (R + /)
2
+ /
2
2/(R + /)cos
= R
2
+ 2R/ + 2/
2
2R/cos 2/
2
cos
= R
2
+ 2/(R + /)(1 cos)
R
2
R
2
= 2/(R + /)(1 cos)
(R

+R) 2R
R = R

R /

1 +
/
R

(1 cos)
/

1 +
/
R

()
2
2

/ = 150mm R = 100mm
= 2.10
5
R = 150

1 +
150
100

4.10
10
2
= 7, 5.10
8
mm
cD = 1, 5.10
7
mm
c = 0, 01mm
x
r
x
c
X Y Z
Z
X
XY Z Y Z
X XZ Y
X Y Z
Z
Z X Y X
X Y Z
A B C
X Y Z U V W
X Y Z
ZP
P1 : X = 15, Y = 55
P2 : X = 45, Y = 12
P3 : X = 75, Y = 50
P1 P2
P1 : X = 35, Y = 30, Z = 0
P2 : X = 70, Y = 0, Z = 30 + 15 = 15
a h
b
X Y
a : X = 100, 50; Y = 0
b : X = 0; Y = 0
c : X = 0; Y = 55
d : X = 100, 50; Y = 55
e : X = 85, 63; Y = 5, 20
f : X = 10; Y = 5, 20
g : X = 10; Y = 50, 75
h : X = 40, 75; Y = 50, 75
a i
ab
h X Y
a : X = 50; Y = 0
b : X = 50; Y = 0
c : X = 50; Y = 50
d : X = 50; Y = 50
e : X = 40; Y = 10
f : X = 40; Y = 10
g : X = 40; Y = 30
h : X = 0; Y = 45
i : X = 40; Y = 30
G90
G91
A
B
G90 X 10 Y + 30
G91 X + 30 Y + 30
S
F
S
G
G01
G01
G02
G03
G00
90
G91
P1
P2
P2 P3 C1 v
f
P3 P4
P4 P1
S
F
S 6= 0
Tnn nn
nn
F S
F S
A
2mm
B
B C
G00 Z + 2 S + 500
G00 X + 30 Y + 15 B
G01 Z 5 F100 100mm/min
X + 8 Y + 60 F200 200mm/min
G00 Z + 2
M30
G00 Z + 2 S + 500
G00 X + 30 Y + 15
G91 Z 7 F100 M08
X+50 Y +45 F200
G90
G00 Z + 2 M09
M30
A = (50; 100)
B = (150; 100) C = (100; 100)
CA CB
(I, J, K)
A
G90 I + 100 J + 100 G02 X + 150 Y + 100 F150
G02 X + 150 Y + 100 G91 I + 50 J + 0 F150
G02 X + 150 Y + 100 R + 50 F150
A B 2R
L
R
R
G99
G99 T1 L + 10 R + 20
G41
G42
G40
OA A
e
p
L
/
/
p < /
S
V
Cp,p
=
Se
R
e R
t
p
=
p
v
c
Q
M
=
V
Cp,p
t
p
=
v
c
Se
pR
/
Q = /ev
f
Q
M
= /ev
fM
=
v
c
Se
pR
v
fM
=
v
c
S
pR/

/(x), x 2 [0, h] h
dx
dt
um
=
dx
v
fM
(x)
=
pR/(x)
v
c
S
t
um
=
pR
v
c
S
_
h
0
/(x)dx =
R
v
c
p
S
H =
S
p
m/min
45

e
e/mm
R
m
< 700
S
Re/ R e
/
F = k
c

bh
b =
h =

=
F
o
adm
v
c
/(m/min)
R
m
600
R
m
900
I
I
I
I

= 20

15

14, 5

D d
D
b
= Dcos d
b
= d cos
I
p =
D
Z
Z
m
m =
p

=
D
Z
m
1, 25m
2, 25m
B
I

D
2

Z
m

Z
m
Z
m
20

14

30
0
N
f
p
v = N
f
p cos u
N
r
=
v
d
=
N
f
p cos u
D
= N
f
m
D
cosu =
N
f
Z
cos u
( u)
Z
1
p
p
V M
i
n
V M
= i n
broche
i
p
i i p
V M
p = i p
V M
i =
p
p
V M
Z
1
Z
2
v = N
1
d
1
= N
2
d
2
Z
m
N
1
Z
1
m = N
2
Z
2
m
N
1
Z
1
= N
2
Z
2
i =
N
2
N
1
=
Z
1
Z
2
N
2
= N
3
i =
N
4
N
1
=
N
4
N
3
N
2
N
1
=
Z
1
Z
2
Z
3
Z
4
N
2
= N
3
N
4
= N
5
i =
N
6
N
1
=
N
6
N
5
N
4
N
3
N
2
N
1
=
Z
1
Z
2
Z
3
Z
4
Z
5
Z
6
0, 5mm
10mm
i =
0, 5
10
=
5
100
i
i =
1
20
=
1
4 5
i =
25
100

24
120
i =
20
80

24
120
i =
20
80

20
100
0, 765mm
10mm
i =
0, 765
10
=
765
10000
i
i =
153
2000
153 = 3
2
17
2000 = 2
4
5
3
i =
3
2
17
2
4
5
3
=
9 17
16 125
=
9 17
80 25
=
27 85
80 75 5
=
27 85 20
80 75 100
25, 4mm
10mm
i =
25, 4
12 10
=
254
120 10
=
127
120 5
=
127 20
120 100
1, 64mm
10mm
i =
1, 64
10
=
164
1000
=
41
250
=
41
25
1
10
41/25
41
25
= (1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2)
erreur
1
18/11
1/265
1
265
25
41
= 2, 301 10
3
i =
18
11

1
10
=
18
55

1
2
=
18
55

20
40
d = 100mm
Z
p
p =
d
Z
= m

=
22
7
1
742
4, 3 10
4
=
355
113
1
3740526
8, 5 10
8
22
7
=
11 2
7
22
7
=
55 40
35 20
355
113
=
5 71
113
p p
V M
p = 1, 6mm
p
V M
= 10mm
(1, 6; 10) =
(16; 100)
10
.
(16; 100) = 2
4
5
2
= 15 25 = 400
(1, 6; 10) =
400
10
= 40
40mm mm
AB =
H
4
BC = ABtg(30

) =
H
4
tg(30

) = 0, 1443H
BD = BC tg(30

) =
H
4
tg
2
(30

) = 0, 08333H
r = DC =
BC
cos(30

)
=
H
4
tg(30

)
cos(30

)
= 0, 1667H
BE = DE BD = r BD
=
H
4
tg(30

1
cos(30

tg(30

= 0, 08333H
H

= H
H
8
+BE = H

1
1
8

1
4
+ 0, 08333

= 0, 7083H
60

f,eff
=
f
u
u = =
p
d

f,eff
u
K
1/33 K = 40
1
3340
=
1
1320
88 =
1320
15
Z 1/Z
K K = 40
K = 60
n
man
=
K
Z
n
man
=
p
q
q Q = kq
n
man
=
kp
kq
=
P
Q
P
Q
K = 40
n
man
=
40
28
=
10
7
= 1 +
3
7
3
7
n

1 21 = 3 7
3
7
=
3 3
3 7
=
9
21
96

96

Z =
360
96
=
15
4
n
man
=
40
Z
=
40 4
15
=
32
3
= 10 +
2
3
21 = 7 3
2
3
=
2 7
3 7
=
14
21
K = 40
40
51
40
51
=
40
3 7
=
x
3
+
y
17
, x y
x y
17x + 3y = 40
x = 2, y = 2
21 = 3 7
2
3
=
14
21
2
17
K = 60
(2 Z)
ax +by = c, a, b c 2 Z
a b c
a b
d a b
a = mb, b = nd, m n
(x, y)
mdx +ndy = c
c d a b c
a b
a b c
ax +by = c
a(x) +by = c
ax b(y) = c
a(x) b(y) = c
a(x) +b(y) = c
ax +b(y) = c
a(x) by = = c
ax by = c
a
a b
x =
c by
a
y
c by
a
= q +
r
a
q r
0 r < a
a 0, 1, 2, ..., (a 1)
y
0
= 0, y
1
= 1, y
2
= 2, ..., y
a1
= a 1
r
0
, r
1
, r
2
, ..., r
a1
c by
k
= aq
k
+r c by
`
= aq
`
+r
b(y
`
y
k
) = a(q
k
q
`
)
a b(y
`
y
k
) a
(y
`
y
k
) < a b
a 0 (a 1)
a
(X, Y )
(x, y)
a(x X) = b(y Y ) = 0
(x X) =
b
a
(y Y )
b(y Y ) b a
(y Y ) a
y Y = ka, k
x X =
b
a
(y Y ) =
b
a
ka = kb
x = X kb
y = Y +ka
k
K = 60
n
man
=
K
Z
=
60
1001
=
60
11 91
60
11 91
=
x
11
+
y
91
91x + 11y = 60
y =
60 91x
11
=
55 + 5 88x 3x
11
= 5 8x +
5 3x
11
t =
5 3x
11
y = 5 8x +t
11t + 3x = 5
x =
5 11t
3
=
3 + 2 9t 2t
3
= 1 3t +
2 2t
3
t = 1
x = 1 3t = 1 3 = 2
y = 5 8x +t = 5 + 16 + 1 = 22
60
1001
=
2
11
+
22
91
60
1001
=
12
66
+
22
91
y x
x
n
man
=
K
Z
=
60
376
=
15
94
=
15
2 47
15
94
=
x
2
+
y
47
2y + 47x = 15
y =
15 47x
2
=
14 46x + 1 x
2
= 7 23x +
1 x
2
x = 1
y = 7 23x = 16
15
94
=
1
2

16
47
1/2
15
94
=
42
84

16
47
Z = 277
n
man
=
K
277
k = 40 K = 60
n
man
n
man
n
man
=
x
100
+
y
99
c d
cd
99
= 0, cdcdcdcdcd.....
0, cdcdcdcdcd... = cd 10
2
+cd 10
4
+...
cd10
2
10
2
cd 10
2
1 10
2
=
cd
10
2
1
=
cd
99
n
man
= x, abcdef...
x a b c
n
man
= x, abcdcdcdcd....
0, cdcdcdcd... =
cd
99
n
man

cd
99
= x +
ab cd
100
n
man
= x +
ab cd
100
+
cd
99
x
(ab cd) (ab cd)
n

man
= x, abc(d 1)c(d 1)c(d 1)...
n
man
x, abcdcdcdcd...
Z = 277 K = 60
n
man
=
60
277
= 0, 216606498...
n
man
= 0, 21666666666.... = 0 +
21 66
100
+
66
99
=
45
100
+
66
99
6 10
5
6 10
5
n
man
= 6 105
277
60
= 2, 77 10
4
277 2, 77 10
4
= 0, 08pas
n
man
n

man
= 0, 2165656565... = 0 +
21 65
100
+
65
99
(410
5
)
n
man
n

man
5 10
5
5 10
5
n
man
n
man
=
5 60
277
= 1, 083032491...
n
man
= 1, 0830303030... = 1 +
8 30
100
+
30
99
= 1
22
100
+
30
99
(2 10
6
)
n
man
1
277 2 10
6
= 5, 6 10
4
pas
Z =
1
2
K = 60
n
man
=
K
Z
=
60
2
= 9, 549296586....
n
man
= 9, 5492929292...
3, 8 10
7
n
man
= 9 +
54 92
100
+
92
99
= 9
38
100
+
92
99
(1 = 25, 4mm =
2
10
127mm)
n
broche
=
n
man
K
i
n
plateau
n
broche
= i
i
Z
Z
0
Z
n
man
=
K
Z
n
man/plateau
=
K
Z
0
n
plateau
= in
broche
=
i
Z
n
man
=
K
Z
= n
man/plateau
+n
plateau
=
K
Z
0
+
i
Z
i
Z
=
K
Z

K
Z
0
i = KZ
Z
0
Z
ZZ
0
= K
Z
0
Z
Z
0
Z = 127 Z
0
= 130
K = 40
K
Z
=
40
130
=
4
13
=
12
39
i
i = K
Z
0
Z
Z
0
= 40
130 127
130
=
120
130
=
60
65
Z = 89 Z
0
= 80
n
man/plateau
=
40
Z
0
=
1
2
i = K
Z
0
Z
Z
0
= 40
80 89
80
=
9
2
d
f
a
N
(f, a, N)
f a N
h
h = f sin i
r
b
b =
a
sin i
r
v
v = dN
S
S = af = bh
Q
Q = Sv = afv = bhv
k
c
P
k
c
=
P
c
Q
F
c
k
c
=
F
c
v
Sv
= F
c
S
F
c
= k
c
S
k
c

n
k
c
= k
c11
h
m
c
m
c
F
c
= k
c11
h
1m
c
f a
F
c
= k

c11
af
1m
c
k

c11
=
k
c11
sin
m
c
i
r
C
c
= F
c
d
2
= k

c11
af
1m
c
d
2
V B
KT
T
vT
n
h
p
b
q
= K
K
vT
n
f
p
a
q
= K

= K sin
pq
i
r
V = QT
t
o
V (T + t
o
)
Q
moy
=
V
T +t
o
=
Q
1 +
_
t
o
T
_
V
p
t
u
=
V
p
Q
Q
N
o
=
t
u
T
(t
u
+N
o
t
o
)
N
o
M C
o
C
1
= M(t
u
+N
o
t
o
) +N
o
C
o
C
1
= M
V
p
Q
_
1 +
t
o
+
C
o
M
T
_
a f
h
m
h
m
= 2...3 r
n
r
n
h
m
0, 05mm
r

h
M
= 0, 8r

f
m
=
h
m
sin i
r
=
0, 05mm
sin i
r
f
M1
=
h
M
sin i
r
=
0, 8r

sin i
r
b b
m
b
m
= r

/
b b
M
b
M
=
3
4
/( )
=
1
2
/( )
a
m
= b
m
sin i
r
a
M
= b
M
sin i
r
o =
b
h
=
f
a sin
2
i
r
o
m
o o
M
o
m
= 3
o
M
= 15
R
a
R
a
= 0, 032
f
2
r

f
M2
=

R
a
r

0, 032
f
M2
= 1
f
M
= min (f
M1
, f
M2
)
c = 0, 065mm
I x
E
c =
F
c
x
3
3EI
F
cM
=
3EIc
x
3
N
N
m
N N
M
N
nom
P = 2NC
M
N N
nom
P = P
nom
; N N
nom
P
disp
=
eff
(P P
v
)

eff
P
v
P
v
= 2NC
v
C
v
P
disp
=
f
2N(C
M
C
v
) N N
nom
P
disp
=
f
(P
nom
= 2NC
v
) N N
nom
OAB
BD N
M
OABDO
a f
a f
F
cM
= k

c11
af
1m
c
a f
(a, f)
T a
f
v = K

T
n
a
q
f
p
Q = afv = (K

T
n
)a
1q
f
1p
Q
moy
=
Q
1 +
t
o
T
Q q p
ABCD
A B
D C
BC
F
cM
= k

c11
af
1m
c
da
a
= (1 m
c
)
df
f
dQ
Q
= (1 q)
da
a
+ (1 p)
df
f
= [(1 p) (1 q)(1 m
c
)]
df
f
p = 0, 4 ; q = 0, 1 ; m
c
= 0, 2
(1 p) (1 q)(1 m
c
) = 0, 6 0, 9 0, 8 = 0, 12
F
c
= F
M
C
a
m
a
M
f
min
(a) f
max
(a)
[b/h
max
]
a
(a
M
, f
max
(a
M
))
d
1
d
2
s =
d
1
d
2
2
n
m
=

s
a
M

q =

s
a
M

|
s
a
M
q|

= 10
16
q
(q + 1)

s
n
m
,
s
n
m
+ 1
,
s
n
m
+ 2
,
s a
m
d
2
P
c
= F
c
v
Q
moy
=
afv
1 +
t
o
T
a f
v = K

T
n
Q
moy
=
afK

T
n
_
1 +
t
o
T
_
T
PM
=
1 n
n
t
o
v
PM
C
1
= M
V
p
Q
_
1 +
t
o
+
C
o
M
T
_
C
1
= M
V
p
afK

T
n
_
1 +
t
o
+
C
o
M
T
_
t
o
(t
o
+C
o
/M)
T
cm
=
1 n
n

t
o
+
C
o
M

T
PM
v
PM
v
cm
v
cm
v
PM
[v
cm
, v
PM
]
T
cm
T
PM
a f
a f
v =
K

T
n
f
p
a
q
N =
v
d
N
v
cm
v
PM
P
f
P
F
v
cm
P
0
F
(P, N)
a f
F
c
= k

c11
af
1m
c
C
c
= F
c
d
2
P
c
= 2NC
c
C
T
v N
C
X
0
X
0
X
C
X
C
OA
C
c

eff
(C
M
C
v
)
C
AB
2NC
c
=
eff
(P
nom
2NC
v
)
N =

eff
P
nom
2(C
c
+
eff
C
v
)
N N
M
BD
N = N
M
X
000
a f
a f
T
m
N
pp
v
pp
= dN
T
pp
=
_
K
v
pp
a
q
f
p
_
1/n
T
m
T
pp
T
m
T
m
v =
K
T
n
m
a
q
f
p
= v
pp

T
pp
T
m

n
N =
v
d
N < N
m
a
f
ABD
a f
o =
b
h
=
a
f
S

P
c
= k

c11
S
1 (m
c
/2)

m
c
/2
v
dP
c
P
c
= (1
m
c
2
)
dS
S
+
dv
v
dS
S
=
1
1
m
c
2
_
dP
c
P
c

dv
v
_
dQ
Q
=
dS
S
+
dv
v
=
1
1
m
c
2
_
dP
c
P
c

m
c
2
dv
v
_
D B
B A
A
a f
F
cM
= min(F
cMP
, F
cM
)
F
cM
F
cMP
A
F
cMP
=
P
A
v
A
=

eff
2N
nom
(C
M
C
v
)
dN
nom
=
2
eff
(C
M
C
v
)
d
a f
F
c
F
MP
F
cM
< F
cMP
N
nom
A
0
A
C
0
A
X
a
a
p
a
b
a = bq
q a b
q b
a b
2
127/2 6=
127/3 6=
127/5 6=
127/7 6=
127/11 6=
13
2
= 169 > 127
a b
d
a b a > b
a = mb, b = nd, m n m > n
a b q r
a = qb +r
r = a qb = d(mqn) = M(d)
M(d) d a b
a b
b r
!
!
!
!
x =
a
b
Q
1
=
a
b
= q
1
+
r
1
b
= q
1
+
1
Q
2
Q
2
=
b
r
1
= q
2
+
r
2
r
1
= q
2
+
1
Q
3
a/b
x =
a
b
= q
1
+
1
q
2
+
1
q
3
+
1
q
4
+...
q
1
q
2
q
3
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
x = (q
1
, q
2
, q
3
, q
4
, ...)
x = Q
1
x = (q
1
, Q
2
) Q
2
= (q
2
, q
3
, ...)
x = (q
1
, q
2
, Q
3
) Q
3
= (q
3
, q
4
, ...)
(q
1
, q
2
, q
3
, q
4
, ...)
R
1
= (q
1
) = q
1
R
2
= (q
1
, q
2
)
R
3
= (q
1
, q
2
, q
3
)
R
0
=
1
0
R
k
=
N
k
D
k
N
0
= 1 D
0
= 0
N
1
= q
1
D
1
= 1
k 2,
N
k
= q
k
N
k1
+N
k2
D
k
= q
k
D
k1
+D
k2
k = 2
N
2
= q
2
q
1
+ 1 D
2
= q
2
1 + 0 = q
2
R
2
=
N
2
D
2
= q
1
+
1
q
2
R
k1
N
k1
= q
k1
N
k2
+N
k3
D
k1
= q
k1
D
k2
+D
k3
R
k
q
k1
q
k1
+
1
q
k
R
k
=
(q
k1
+
1
q
k
)N
k2
+N
k3
(q
k1
+
1
q
k
)D
k2
+D
k3
=
q
k
(q
k1
N
k2
+N
k3
) +N
k2
q
k
(q
k1
D
k2
+D
k3
) +D
k2
=
q
k
N
k1
+N
k2
q
k
D
k1
+D
k2
x = (q
1
, ..., q
k
, q
k+1
, ...) = (q
1
, ..., q
k
, Q
k+1
)
Q
k+1
(k +1)
e
x =
Q
k+1
N
k
+N
k1
Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
D
k
= N
k
D
k1
N
k1
D
k
D
k
= (q
k
N
k1
+N
k2
)D
k1
N
k1
(q
k
D
k1
+D
k2
)
= (N
k1
D
k2
N
k2
D
k1
) = D
k1
D
k
D
1
= N
1
D
0
N
0
D
1
= q
1
0 1 1 = 1
D
k
= (1)
k
R
k+1
R
k
=
N
k+1
D
k+1

N
k
D
k
=
N
k+1
D
k
N
k
D
k+1
D
k
Dk + 1
=
D
k+1
D
k
D
k+1
=
(1)
k+1
D
k
D
k+1
R
k+2
R
k
= (R
k+2
R
k+1
) + (R
k+1
R
k
)
=
(1)
k+2
D
k+1
D
k+2
+
(1)
k+1
D
k
D
k+1
= (1)
k+1
D
k+2
D
k
D
k
D
k+1
D
k+2
D
k+2
D
k
R
0
= 1
R
n
= R
1
+
n1

k=1
(R
k1
R
k
)
R
k+1
R
k
=
(1)
k+1
D
k
D
k+1
| R
n
|| R
n+1
R
n
|=
1
D
n
D
n+1
{R
2k
} {R
2k+1
}
(q
1
, q
2
, ..., q
k
, q
k+1
, ...) = (q
1
, q
2
, ..., q
k
, Q
k+1
)
x
x =
Q
k+1
N
k
+N
k1
Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k+1
erreur(k) = x
N
k
D
k
=
(Q
k+1
N
k
+N
k1
)D
k
N
k
(Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
)
D
k
(Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
)
=
D
k
D
k
(Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
)
erreur(k 1) = x
N
k1
D
k1
=
(Q
k+1
N
k
+N
k1
)D
k1
N
k1
(Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
)
D
k1
(Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
)
=
Q
k+1
D
k
D
k1
(Q
k+1
D
k
+D
k1
)

erreur(k)
erreur(k 1)

=
1
Q
k+1
D
k1
D
k
< 1
Q
k+1
1 D
k1
< D
k
x
Q
1
= x
q
1
= (Q
1
)
Q
1
= (Q
1
)
(Q
1
) =
1
Q
2
Q
2
= q
2
+
1
Q
3

= 3, 1415926539 = Q
1
= 3 +
1
Q
2
Q
2
= 7, 06251330592 = 7 +
1
Q
3
Q
3
= 15, 9965944095 = 15 +
1
Q
4
Q
4
= 1, 00341722818 = 1 +
1
Q
5
Q
5
= 292, 63483365 = 292 +
1
Q6
Q
6
= 1, 57521580653 = 1 +
1
Q
7
= (3, 7, 15, 1, 292, 1, ...)
k
q
N
D
erreur
1
1, 099 10
9
22/7 1/742
333/106 1/11978
355/113
1/3740526
355
113
=
71 5
113
3512/431
3512
431
= (8, 6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1)
k
q
N
D
erreur
1
823/101 1/45531
220/27 1/2727
4, 5 10
5
220
27
=
11 20
27
=
110 2
27
=
110 40
27 20
R
k
R
k
a/b R
k
x
|
a
b
x |<| R
k
x |<| R
k1
x |
p/q
m/n
m
n
< x,
p
q
> x
a
b
< x + (
p
q
x) =
p
q
a
b
> x (x
m
n
) =
m
n
m
n
<
a
b
<
p
q
pn mq =| D
k
|= 1
b q
p
q

m
n
>
a
b

m
n
> 0
pn mq
nq
=
1
nq
>
an bm
bn
b > q(an bm) = M(q)
b > q
b n
p
q

m
n
>
p
q

a
b
> 0
pn mq
nq
=
1
nq
>
pb qa
bq
b > n(pb aq) = M(n) > n
a m
q
p
<
b
a
<
n
m
n
m

q
p
>
b
a

q
p
> 0
pn mq
mp
=
1
mp
>
bp aq
ap
a > m(bp aq) = M(m)
a p
n
m

q
p
>
n
m

b
a
> 0
pn mq
mp
=
1
mp
>
an mb
am
a > p(an mb) = M(p) > p