Good morning all of you. We are group 16 . Our product is a Ventillator named VAAYU.

Our objective is to design a portable and an inexpensive ventilator Why we choose this objective! In western countries, many sophesticeted ventillators are available, to provide ventillation to comatose patients. But these are very expensve! When we visited some of the government hospitals in Mumbai, we found that they could not afford these ventillators. Hence the most commonly used ventillator used in these hospitals is the Bag Valve Mask, which is also commonly known as the Ambu Bag. But this ambu bag has to be continuously pressed by a person. Hence the ambu bag is given to a relative or friend of the patient who has to keep pressing the Ambu Bag day and night. If he stops , the patient dies. Also the relatives in most cases are untrained, hence leading to damage to the patient. Also the other ventillators available require highly qualified doctors for operation. In addition to this they are often fragile and vulnerable, because of its complicated construction. One more major utility drawback of these ventilators is that, it can not be used during mass casualties and in rural areas.

Considering all this, a portable and inexpensive ventilator is of high need.

Functional Requirements. So what functions do we want our ventillator to perform. The most important function is that the ventillator should provide respiratory ventillation. It should be inexpensive so that it can be afforded by the poor and in rural areas. It should also be easily portable so that it can be moved from patient to patient easily. The human breathing depends on various parameters like tidal volume i.e the volume of air inhaled, the breaths per minut, inhale to exhale time ratio etc. The respirator assists the patient in breathing. Hence it should be able to mimik the human breath as close as possible. For this we should be able to control the type of assistance provided. Hence we should have the maximum number of control parameters. Most of the people handelling this ventillator will be untrained people. Hence it should be user friendly and have minimum human interaction.

Product Design Now we will see how we the ventillator is designed. This is the product concept of our design. It uses a Bag valve mask for air delivery which is compressed with the help of a Cam rod. This cam rod is driven by a stepper motor. The motor is further controlled by a micro controller. This micro controller takes the control parameters as input from the user. User can specify three control parameters namely Breaths per minute, inhale to exhale time ratio and the tidal volume. The assembly is fitted with an air flow sensor and a pressure sensor to prevent faliure. Also there is an alarm to notify the attending person in case of system faliure. This whole assembly is enclosed by a cage made out of transparent and light weight acrylic sheets. Product Mechanism This video shows the exploded view of the mechanism. We can see that the ventillator is an assembly of readily available components. To compress the Ambu bag a crescent-shaped cam is used, which allows smooth, repeatable deformation to ensure constant air delivery. As we can see in the video the Ambu Bag is pressed against the top face of the box. By controlling the angle of the cams shaft, the amount of air volume delivered can be accurately controlled. The microcontroller controls the rate at which the repetitions take place thus controlling the breths per minuts. The microcontroller also controlles the inhale to exhale ratio. The cam mechanism was found to be more space efficient and have a lower power requirement. Cam rod is designed to compress maximum volume of ambu bag. While other mechanism involves too much wear and tear loss this mechanism involves few mechanical movement. It becomes noise free and also probability of failure is reduced.

Safety And Relaiblity. As a patients life is dependent on this product, its safety and reliability are of utmost importance. As shown the system could fail in two situations. One Either the pressing of the Ambu Bag Stops. Or two if the machine tries to push air in while the patient is trying to exhale or there is an obstruction in the air tubes. This is called asunchronous Pumping. In case there is asynchronous pumping the pressure in the mechanism rises. Hence we use a pressure sensor to dectect such a rise. As soon as a rise is dected it sounds the alarm and stops the cam movement until the pressure drops thus preventing over pressure. The air flow can stop due to several reasons. It can stop due to power faliure, or if the motor fails or if the Ambu Bag is faulty. We use a air flow sensor to sence the stop in air flow and sount the alarm. As seen in this chart the microcontroller sounds the alarm in case there the pressure sensor or the air flow meter senses an anamoly or the battery power decreases. Also we can see how the parameters can be controlled to avoid such an event. Manufacturing As previously noted the design is an assembly of readily available components. So let us take a look at the components used. The Ambu bag is available with the hospitals in case needed. We use a cresent shaped cam rod made of aluminium. We use as few movements as possible to reduce wear and tear. We use a four cell Lithium Ion rechargable battery. It gives a long life of upto five days when fully charged. The battery also has a meter to show remaining power. We can also use a AC-DC converter to use the power outlets available on the wall. We use a Bi-Polar stepper motor whih a Step angle of 1.8 degrees to provide better control. Next we encase all of this in transparent Acryllic sheets of 3mm thickness. As the sheets are transparent we can easily check if the machine is working properly, just by looking at it. Then we use standard air flow and pressure sensors which can sense the pressure and air flow in the entire range of human breathing

Costing Ok now lets look at the cost for manufacturing the ventilator. For this we will analyse the different component needed to be assembled. The acryllic sheets needed to make the body of the ventillator are easily available in the market at around 60 to 80 rs/sqm. We require around 40-45 sqm of sheets which will cost around 3000-3500 rs. Next we need a good quality stepper motor which cost around 1000 to 1500 Rs. The battery for the machine should not fail under any conditions. Hence a rechargable four cell li-Ion battery with battery life feed back costs around 2000 to 2300 Rs. The censors cost 300-40Rs Microprocessors and fastners cost 200-300 Rs. Hence including miscellenous costs and summing all up we can manufacture the machine for less than 8000Rs.

Advantages So lets summarise. The Vaayu Ventillator is User Friendly. We can specify the breathing parameters for optimum benifits. If has a minimum probablity of faliure. Also It is portable, and has a minimum power requirement. It is stand alone and easy to install and repair due to its easy design. Hence the Vaayu Ventillator is really useful in a country like India. It can be made available in large quantities due to low cost. Hence this can prove of great benifit to the poor Indian people.