AP BIOLOGY SUMMER WORK An Introduction to Biodiversity through Californias Ecosystems DIRECTIONS: This Summer, you will have the

opportunity to prepare for AP Biology by studying the wide range of ecosystems of California (ie: redwood forests, kelp forests, deserts, shrubland). You may focus on one of these ecosystems or pull examples from multiple ecosystems to create a photomontage of the diversity of life around you. This should be turned in electronically to Miss Shuff no later than the first day of school (August 13th shuffstuff@gmail.com or Meghan.Shuff@mvla.net) but feel free to turn it in earlier. The project is worth 45 points- weighted slightly more than a laboratory assignment. Focus on your research on Californias ecosystems (see note*). Find (or take) a photo of an organism for each item on the list. Next to each photo, write a brief explanation of what the organism is, how it is classified, and how it displays the concept. Photos should be of whole organisms in their natural environment. Diagrams will not count. Each item on the list can only be used ONCE. You can be creative. For instance, a term such as phloem could be displayed as a whole plant or a close up of the plant, and then the explanation would describe what phloem does and specifically where phloem is in your specimen. An example: HOMEOSTASIS: The mice in this photo display homeostasis. Lab mice, Mus musculus, are of the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata. During this experiment, they were chemically induced to a sort of hibernation by lowering their core body temperature. If the concentration of the chemical was too high, the core temperature lowered too quickly or too much and the mice began to shiver in order to raise their core temperature. As key enzymes in the body operate at an ideal temperature it is essential that this core temperature is maintained. In order to keep the body core temperature at its set point, the hypothalamus sends signals to the blood vessels in the extremities to constrict, sending blood (and heat) to the core. Additionally, muscles contract (shivering) to produce heat. This production of heat raises the body core temperature back to the set point. (141 words)

This is a photo of a mouse in a box with Miss Shuffs face sticking out from the side

Finally, from the list of organisms you come up with, complete a cladogram, similar to that on pages 530-531 and 634-635, placing each of the organisms from the list on their proper branch of the tree (10 points). Have fun as you find a DIFFERENT organism for each of the following (1 pt each): 1. 2. 3. 4. Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer High level consumer 5. 6. 7. 8. Detritivores Endangered species Keystone species Dominant species 9. 10. 11. 12. Predator/prey interaction Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

A population A community r-strategist k-strategist Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry Eukaryote Prokaryote Animal with an exoskeleton 22. An organism displaying homeostasis 23. An organism performing photosynthesis Resources:

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

Camouflage Mimicry High Density population Low Density population Interspecific competition Lichen Tropism **Limiting Factor **Specific Niche **General Niche

34. **Threat to Biodiversity (see pg 1212) 35. **Efforts to Sustain Biodiversity (see pg 1220)

Textbook: Biology by Neil Campbell, 7th Edition www.campbellbiology.com Chapter 50: Ecology Chapter 51: Behavior Chapter 52: Population Chapter 53: Communities Chapter 54: Ecosystems Chapter 55: Conservation and Restoration Suggested Websites: Barcoding Lifes Matrix: http://ibol.org/ Bay Area Ecosystems Climate Change Consortium: http://www.baeccc.org/ Bay Nature: http://baynature.org/articles/jan-mar-2009/taking-the-heat/taking-the-heat Bay Area Wetlands: http://ceres.ca.gov/wetlands/sfbaygoals/docs/goals/1997/goalsproject/about.html Californias National Parks: http://ceres.ca.gov/ceres/calweb/Natl_Parks.html Californias State Parks: http://www.parks.ca.gov/ Notes: *As an extension, take the photos yourself. With your family, visit a State Park and collect your own data for as many items as you can. Make sure you, a family member, or something of yours is visible in the photograph (like the photo above of Miss Shuff) to verify that it is indeed you who took the photo. **These items do not need to be part of your cladogram.