Coordinate Geometry

Coordinate Geometry
A system of geometry where the position of points on the plane is described using an ordered pair of numbers.Recall that a plane is a flat surface that goes on forever in both directions. If we were to place a point on the plane, coordinate geometry gives us a way to describe exactly where it is by using two numbers. What are coordinates?:-To introduce the idea, consider the grid on the right. The columns of the grid are lettered A,B,C etc. The rows are numbered 1,2,3 etc from the top. We can see that the X is in box D3; that is, column D, row 3.D and 3 are called the coordinates of the box. It has two parts: the row and the column. There are many boxes in each row and many boxes in each column. But by having both we can find one single box, where the row and column intersect. The Coordinate Plane:-In coordinate geometry, points are placed on the "coordinate plane" as shown below. It has two scales - one running across the plane called the "x axis" and another a right angles to it called the y axis. (These can be thought of as similar to the column and row in the paragraph above.) The point where the axes cross is called the origin and is where both x and y are zero.n the x-axis, values to the right are positive and those to the left are negative. On the y-axis, values above the origin are positive and those below are negative. Know More About :-Sequences and Series

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Together, they define a single, unique position on the plane. So in the diagram above, the point A has an x value of 20 and a y value of 15. These are the coordinates of the point A, sometimes referred to as its "rectangular coordinates". Note that the order is important; the x coordinate is always the first one of the pair. Things you can do in Coordinate Geometry :-If you know the coordinates of a group of points you can: Determine the distance between them Find the midpoint, slope and equation of a line segment Determine if lines are parallel or perpendicular Find the area and perimeter of a polygon defined by the points Transform a shape by moving, rotating and reflecting it. Define the equations of curves, circles and ellipses. Information on all these and more can be found in the pages listed below. History:-The method of describing the location of points in this way was proposed by the French mathematician Ren Descartes (1596 - 1650). (Pronounced "day CART"). He proposed further that curves and lines could be described by equations using this technique, thus being the first to link algebra and geometry. In honor of his work, the coordinates of a point are often referred to as its Cartesian coordinates, and the coordinate plane as the Cartesian Coordinate Plane.In analytic geometry, the plane is given a coordinate system, by which every point has a pair of real number coordinates. The most common coordinate system to use is the Cartesian coordinate system, where each point has an xcoordinate representing its horizontal position, and a y-coordinate representing its vertical position. These are typically written as an ordered pair (x, y). This system can also be used for three-dimensional geometry, where every point in Euclidean space is represented by an ordered triple of coordinates (x, y, z).Other coordinate systems are possible. On the plane the most common alternative is polar coordinates, where every point is represented by its radius r from the origin and its angle . In three dimensions, common alternative coordinate systems include cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates.ransformations are applied to parent functions to turn it into a new function with similar characteristics. For example, the parent function y=1/x has a horizontal and a vertical asymptote, and occupies the first and third quadrant, and all of its transformed forms have one horizontal and vertical asymptote. Read More About :-Rrational Number Definition

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