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)(1 + )
1
= (1 )(1
4
1
= (1
4
)(1 )
1
= (1 + )(1
4
0 0 0
0
=
0 0 0
0
Donde,
=
=
=
=| |
= ()
En notacin tensorial,
1
2
+
+
Entonces,
, 0 , 0
, 0
= 0 , 0 , 0 ,
, , , ,
, ,
=0 0
0 0
, 0
, 0 , 0
, 0 , 0
, 0
0 , 0 , 0 ,
, 0 ,
0 ,
0
El funcional es,
=
1
2
Donde,
= .
1
=
; = .
0
0
1
0
2
1
(1 )
=
(1 + )(1 2 ) 1
0
1
1
0
12
2(1 )
1
2
| | rds
| | rds
| | l
En
elimino la matriz
encuentran en los nodos por lo tanto,
=
1
2
| | rds
| | rds
| | l
| | rds
| | rds
| | l
Problema 2
Calcular los desplazamientos, las deformaciones y las tensiones para cada nodo
de un elemento sometido a las cargas y vnculos indicados en la figura. Considerar
= 2.1 10
= 0.3
( )
(, )
| | rds =
| | rds
( )
(, )
| | l
Donde,
=
=0
1
)(1 + ) (1 + )(1
4
1
1
= (1 + ) + (1 + ) (1
4
2
4
1
1
= (1 )(1 + ) (1
4
4
) ;
1
1
= (1 + ) (1
4
4
1
)(1 + ) (1 )(1
4
) + (1 + )
2
)
4
1
1
= (1 + ) + (1 + ) + (1
4
2
4
) ;
1
1
= (1 )(1 ) (1 )(1
4
4
1
) (1
4
1
1
= (1 ) + (1 ) + (1 ); ,
4
4
2
1
1
= (1 ) + (1 ) + (1
4
2
4
1
1
= (1 + )(1 ) (1
4
4
1
1
= (1 ) (1
4
4
1
= (1
2
)(1 + )
) ;
1
1
= (1 + ) + (1
4
4
1
= (1
2
= (1 + ) ;
= (1
)(1 )
= (1 ) ;
1
= (1
2
1
= (1
2
= (1 + )
1
= (1 )(1
2
1
= (1
2
)(1 )
1
)(1 ) (1 + )(1
4
1
1
= (1 ) + (1 ) (1
4
2
4
1
= (1 + )(1
2
);
) ;
) + (1 )
2
) + (1 + )
2
= (1 )
)
0
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
= 1.0
0.0614
0.2004
0.0684
0.2040
0.0114
;
0.0062
0.1114
0.0156
0.0987
0
0.0073
0.0946
= 1.0
calculado con la
calculado con la
0.0531
0.2066
0.0682
0.2143
0.0175
0.0118
0.0859
0.0271
0.1043
0
0.0127
0.0950
Plane strain
Deformaciones
Tensiones
0.1383
10.0437
1.0
0.2398
51.0340
0.3820
15.1184
0.1043
2.1404
1.0
0.2257
51.1673
0.3922
15.5221
6
Nodo 3 1.0
Nodo 4 1.0
Nodo 5 1.0
Nodo 6 1.0
Nodo 7 1.0
Nodo 8 1.0
0.0342
0.1908
0.0402
0.0114
0.1780
0.0322
0.1298
0.1292
0.0044
0.0289
0.2040
0.1287
0.1140
0.9360
0.0440
0.0169
0.2004
0.1161
5.3169
41.6631
3.2469
14.9538
41.8662
2.6008
21.0092
20.8292
0.3554
7.4538
45.0762
10.3950
3.8492
20.8108
0.3554
9.9738
45.0762
9.3773
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0525
0.2029
0.0123
0.0175
0.1734
0.0023
0.1213
0.1082
0.3127
0.0488
0.2143
0.2077
0.1750
0.6360
0.0800
0.0308
0.2066
0.1867
9.7408
50.9977
0.4868
25.9552
51.1390
0.0910
21.1817
15.8913
0.3127
12.1679
54.6687
8.2201
2.7583
15.8590
0.3166
16.3235
54.6727
7.3890
Problema 3
Repetir el ejercicio anterior para la siguiente distribucin de cargas.
Se repite el procedimiento del ejercicio anterior y se
reordena el vector de las fuerzas concentradas de la
siguiente manera,
0
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
calculado con la
calculado con la
= 1.0
0.3115
0.2562
0.2972
0.3124
0.0338
;
0.2808
0.0588
0.1002
0.1571
0
0.0789
0.1254
= 1.0
0.2835
0.2400
0.2819
0.2747
0.0438
0.2520
0.0590
0.0997
0.1379
0
0.0762
0.1157
Las deformaciones y las tensiones en cada nodo segn el estado, son las
siguientes,
Nodo 1
Nodo 2
Nodo 3
Nodo 4
Nodo 5
Nodo 6
Nodo 7
Nodo 8
Plane stress
Deformaciones
Tensiones
0.1085
6.5538
1.0
0.2670
54.1038
0.0725
5.8558
0.0799
2.9400
1.0
0.3088
65.7300
0.0788
6.3646
0.0338
1.5231
1.0
0.2454
65.9031
0.0041
0.1777
0.0114
9.1892
1.0
0.1780
54.2908
0.0322
0.3312
0.1430
6.8723
1.0
0.5160
12.8977
0.0350
0.2827
0.1022
1.9569
1.0
0.3124
65.0169
0.0423
3.4165
0.3380
3.2308
1.0
0.6600
12.8908
0.0350
0.2827
0.0596
3.9831
1.0
0.2562
54.9969
2.6169
0.0324
Plane strain
Deformaciones
Tensiones
0.1244
4.0062
1.0
0.2572
57.6369
0.1356
5.3666
0.1212
1.2479
1.0
0.2725
62.3498
0.1426
5.6437
0.1314
3.5983
1.0
0.2769
62.3579
0.0145
0.5739
0.0438
14.6112
1.0
0.2228
57.6773
0.0213
0.8430
0.0160
6.4252
1.0
0.4930
14.1306
0.0530
02098
0.1287
3.1015
1.0
0.2747
62.0631
0.0678
2.6833
0.4380
4.0587
1.0
0.6870
14.1144
0.0540
0.2137
0.0817
5.9810
1.0
0.2400
57.9479
0.0534
2.1134
Cdigo de MATLAB.
clear all
clc
format short
%IMEF
%TP4 pto2 y pto 3
%Calcular los desplazamientos, las deformaciones y las tensiones para cada
%nodo de un elemento sometido a las cargas y vnculos indicados en la figura.
%Considerar E=2.1x10^6 y nu=0.3
%Constantes
E=2.1*10^6;
nu=0.3;
%Utilizo los 3 ptos de Gauss para calcular el UT y UD
r=[-0.7745966 0 0.7745966];
s=[-0.7745966 0 0.7745966];
alfa=[0.55555 0.88888 0.55555];
K=zeros(16);
Btotal=zeros(3,16);
%Utilizo los nodos para calcular las deformaciones y las tensiones
r=[1 -1 -1 1 0 -1 0 1];
s=[1 1 -1 -1 1 0 -1 0];
%Puntos del elemento e
x=[10 0 0 10 5 0 5 10];
y=[10 10 0 0 10 5 0 5];
for i=1:8
for j=i
i
dh1dr=(1/4)*(1+s(j))+(r(i)/2)*(1+s(j))-(1/4)*(1-s(j).^2);
dh1ds=(1/4)*(1+r(i))-(1/4)*(1-r(i).^2)+(s(j)/2)*(1+r(i));
dh2dr=(-1/4)*(1+s(j))+(r(i)/2)*(1+s(j))+(1/4)*(1-s(j).^2);
dh2ds=(1/4)*(1-r(i))-(1/4)*(1-r(i).^2)+(s(j)/2)*(1-r(i));
dh3dr=(-1/4)*(1-s(j))+(1/4)*(1-s(j).^2)+(r(i)/2)*(1-s(j));
dh3ds=(-1/4)*(1-r(i))+(s(j)/2)*(1-r(i))+(1/4)*(1-r(i).^2);
dh4dr=(1/4)*(1-s(j))+(r(i)/2)*(1-s(j))-(1/4)*(1-s(j).^2);
dh4ds=(-1/4)*(1+r(i))+(1/4)*(1-r(i).^2)+(s(j)/2)*(1+r(i));
dh5dr=-r(i)*(1+s(j));
dh5ds=(1/2)*(1-r(i).^2);
dh6dr=(-1/2)*(1-s(j).^2);
dh6ds=-s(j)*(1-r(i));
dh7dr=-r(i)*(1-s(j));
dh7ds=(-1/2)*(1-r(i).^2);
dh8dr=(1/2)*(1-s(j).^2);
dh8ds=-s(j)*(1+r(i));
%Derivadas de x e y con respecto a r y a s para calcular el
%jacobiano
dxdr=dh1dr*x(1)+dh2dr*x(2)+dh3dr*x(3)+dh4dr*x(4)+dh5dr*x(5)+...
dh6dr*x(6)+dh7dr*x(7)+dh8dr*x(8);
dxds=dh1ds*x(1)+dh2ds*x(2)+dh3ds*x(3)+dh4ds*x(4)+dh5ds*x(5)+...
dh6ds*x(6)+dh7ds*x(7)+dh8ds*x(8);
dydr=dh1dr*y(1)+dh2dr*y(2)+dh3dr*y(3)+dh4dr*y(4)+dh5dr*y(5)+...
dh6dr*y(6)+dh7dr*y(7)+dh8dr*y(8);
dyds=dh1ds*y(1)+dh2ds*y(2)+dh3ds*y(3)+dh4ds*y(4)+dh5ds*y(5)+...
dh6ds*y(6)+dh7ds*y(7)+dh8ds*y(8);
J=[dxdr dxds; dydr dyds];
Inv_J_Tras=inv(J)';
Inv_J_matrix=[Inv_J_Tras(1,1) Inv_J_Tras(1,2)
0
0;
0
0
Inv_J_Tras(2,1)
Inv_J_Tras(2,2);
Inv_J_Tras(2,1) Inv_J_Tras(2,2) Inv_J_Tras(1,1)
Inv_J_Tras(1,2)];
Detrminante_J=det(J);
cT=(E/(1-nu^2))*[1 nu 0; nu 1 0; 0 0 ((1-nu)/2)]; %Lo uso cuando
%hago el estado plano de tensiones
cD=((E*(1-nu))/((1+nu)*(1-2*nu)))*[1 (nu/(1-nu)) 0; (nu/(1-nu)) 1 0; 0
0 ((1-2*nu)/2*(1-nu))]; %Lo uso cuando
%hago el estado plano de deformaciones
B=Inv_J_matrix*[dh1dr 0 dh2dr 0 dh3dr 0 dh4dr 0 dh5dr 0 dh6dr 0 dh7dr
0 dh8dr 0;
dh1ds 0 dh2ds 0 dh3ds 0 dh4ds 0 dh5ds 0 dh6ds 0 dh7ds
0 dh8ds 0;
0 dh1dr 0 dh2dr 0 dh3dr 0 dh4dr 0 dh5dr 0 dh6dr 0
dh7dr 0 dh8dr;
0 dh1ds 0 dh2ds 0 dh3ds 0 dh4ds 0 dh5ds 0 dh6ds 0
dh7ds 0 dh8ds];
%
Btotal=Btotal+B;
%
K=K+B'*c*B*Detrminante_J*alfa(i)*alfa(j);
UT=1.0e-003*[0.3115 -0.2562 0.2972 0.3124 0.0338 0 0 0 0.2808 0.0588
0.1002 0.1571 0 0 0.0789 -0.1254];
UD=1.0e-003*[0.2835 -0.2400 0.2819 0.2747 0.0438 0 0 0 0.2520 0.0590
0.0997 0.1379 0 0 0.0762 -0.1157];
DeformacionesT=B*UT'
TensionesT=cT*DeformacionesT
DeformacionesD=B*UD'
TensionesD=cD*DeformacionesD
end
end
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
K;
%Aplico las cc en la matriz K
K(6,:)=[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
K(:,6)=[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
K(7,:)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
K(:,7)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
K(8,:)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
K(:,8)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
K(13,:)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
K(:,13)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
K(14,:)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0];
K(:,14)=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0];
K;
10
%
% %Vector fuerza (solo hay fuerzas concentradas Fc)
%
% F=[0
%fx1
%
-100
%fy1
%
0
%fx2
%
100
%fy2
%
0
%fx3
%
0
%fy3
%
0
%fx4
%
0
%fy4
%
0
%fx5
%
100
%fy5
%
0
%fx6
%
0
%fy6
%
0
%fx7
%
0
%fy7
%
0
%fx8
%
0];
%fy8
%
% %Vector desplazamiento U
%
% %UT=inv(K)*F % resultado obtenido cuando uso c=(E/(1-nu^2))*[1 nu 0; nu 1 0;
0 0 ((1-nu)/2)] %Lo uso cuando
%
%hago el estado plano de tensiones
% %UD=inv(K)*F % resultado obtenido cuando uso c=((E*(1-nu))/((1+nu)*(12*nu)))*[1 (nu/(1-nu)) 0; (nu/(1-nu)) 1 0; 0 0 ((1-2*nu)/2*(1-nu))] %Lo uso
cuando
%
%hago el estado plano de deformaciones
11