Practice Exam #2-Chap.

Chapter 8:
Definitions and Short Answers: 1. Please write the formula for the following, include all matter and energy: a. Glycolysis: b. Krebs Cycle: c. Cellular Respiration: d. Photosynthesis (Overall): e. Energy Fixing Reactions: f. Carbon Fixing Reactions: Please define Deamination:

2.

3.

Please define Gluconeogenesis:

4.

Please define Beta oxidation:

5.

For Cyanobacteria, they have what membrane that captures light that is synonymous and continuous with their cell membrane?

6.

Please describe the first step of carbon fixation, be specific and provide the starting molecules and the first initial product.

7.

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

Multiple Choice Section 8. Calvin cycle is a light-dependent reaction and thus cannot function without sunlight. A. True B. False In the Kreb/Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl-CoA combines with RuBP to form a 6-Carbon molecule ready for oxidation. A. True B. False

9.

10. In Cellular Respiration, CO2 is released only during the Kreb Cycle. A. True B. False 11. The direct purpose of the Electron Transport Chain is to generate ATP. A. True B. False 12. Outside of Fermentation and Glycolysis, obligate anaerobes can still participate in Cellular Respiration: A. True B. False 13. Fermentation produces ATP. A. True B. False 14. The Citric Acid Cycle can operate with the complete absence of oxygen: A. True B. False 15. Glucose is the only molecule or compound that can be catabolized by some bacteria: A. True B. False

Practice Exam #2-Chap. 8 16. Where does Glycolysis occur? A. Mitochondria B. Cell membrane C. Cell wall D. Cytoplasm E. Chloroplast 17. When a substrate produced by an enzyme-substrate reaction inhibits the enzyme that produces it, this is called: A. Selective inhibition B. Enzyme reduction C. Constitutive enzymes D. Feedback inhibition E. Competitive inhibition 18. Oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria occurs in: A. Cytoplasm B. Cell membrane C. Mitochondria D. A and B E. A, B and C 19. Chemiosmosis is best defined as: A. Generation of ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane B. The energy coupling of ATP during redox reactions C. The generation of a proton gradient from electron transfer. D. A and B E. B and C 20. How many ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle PER Glucose molecule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. ~34 21. Competitive inhibition is best exemplified by which of the following examples? A. An overabundance of a substrate that is similar to the target substrate but produces no additional substrate. B. The presence of a substrate that binds to an allosteric site that prevents production of a desired substrate C. An overabundance of the same substrate to a limited amount of enzymes which caps the desired result. D. The prevention or destruction of necessary cofactors and coenzymes by competing enzymes. E. None of the above. 22. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes from: A. CO2 B. H2O C. NO3 D. Glucose E. A and B 23. To digest cellulose in its environment, bacteria may produce a/an A. Endoenzyme B. Exoenzyme C. Catalase D. Polymerase E. None of the above 24. Most oxidation reactions in microbial bioenergetics involve the: A. Removal of electrons and hydrogens B. Addition of electrons and hydrogens C. Addition of oxygen D. Removal of oxygen E. None of the above

Practice Exam #2-Chap. 8 25. The use of an exergonic reaction to fuel an endergonic reaction is an example of: A. Hydrolysis B. Chemiosmosis C. Energy coupling D. A and B E. B and C 26. When ATP phosphorylates a 6 carbon compound, we say that is a(n): A. Exergonic reaction B. Catabolic reaction C. Endergonic reaction D. A and B E. B and C 27. Zinc, iron and magnesium are clear examples of: A. Coenzyme B. Cofactors C. Exoenzymes D. Endoenzymes E. A and B 28. G3P is involved in which reactions? A. Glycolysis B. Calvin Cycle C. Citric Acid Cycle D. A and B E. A, B, and C 29. Photophosphorylation (The Calvin Cycle) takes place in bacteria within the: A. Stroma B. Chloroplast C. Cell membrane D. Cytoplasm 30. During the Calvin cycle, which of the following is first to take place? A. 6-carbon intermediate splits into two 3-PGA molecules B. CO2 combines with a 5-carbon acceptor molecule C. ATP phosphorylates CO2 converting it into RuBP D. ATP phosphorylates glucose converting it into G3P E. CO2 is combined with RuBP. 31. Enzymes that appear only when suitable substrates are present are also known as: A. Constitutive enzymes B. Enzyme repression C. Enzyme induction D. Competitive inhibition E. None of the above 32. The starting molecule for glycolysis is: A. Pyruvate B. Glycerol C. G3P D. NAD+ E. Glucose 33. The end-product molecule for glycolysis is: A. Acetyl-CoA B. 2 Pyruvate Molecules C. 1 Pyruvate Molecule D. Ethanol/Lactic Acid E. G3P

Practice Exam #2-Chap. 8 34. The purpose of fermentation is: A. The formation of more ATP B. The formation of organic end-products + C. The oxidation of NADH + D. The reduction of NADH E. The preparation for Krebs Cycle 35. The majority of enzymes in most metabolic pathways are: A. Exoenzymes B. Endoenzymes C. Electron carriers D. All of the above E. None of the above 36. Regarding ATP Synthase, ADP and Pi is bound to the: A. Sub-unit B. Sub-unit C. Sub-unit D. Sub-unit E. None of the above 37. During the Electron Transport System, individual electrons are moved ____ time(s) to pump protons: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. None of the above 38. How many molecule(s) of carbon dioxide are required to make one molecule of glucose in the Calvin Cycle? A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. None of the above 39. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport system at which site? A. NADH dehydrogenase B. Cytochrome C. Coenzyme Q D. ATP Synthase E. None of the above

Tables: Please fill out the energy and product scorecard for the following metabolic pathways below (per glucose molecule): Energy Fixing Reactions Reactants (Input) Products (Output) Carbon Fixing Reactions Reactants (Input) Products (Output) Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactants (Input) Products (Output)

Products: CO2: ATP: NADH: FADH2: H2O:

Glycolysis

Acetyl-CoA

Kreb Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation