Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Vector versus Scalar Control of Induction Motors

Scalar control involves controlling only the magnitude of the control variables with no concern for the coupling effects between these variables. Conversely, vector or field orientated control involves adjusting the magnitude and phase alignment of the vector quantities of the motor. Scalar control, such as the Constant Volts/Hertz method when applied to an AC induction motor is relatively simple to implement but gives a sluggish response because of the inherent coupling effect due to torque and flux being functions of current and frequency. Vector control de-couples the vectors of field current and armature flux so that they may be controlled independently to provide fast transient response.
U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Accurate position control is not possible with scalar control since this requires instantaneous control of the torque. This requires either, instantaneous change to the stator currents, which is not possible due to energy storage effects, or instantaneous change to the rotor current which in the case of scalar control is controlled indirectly via the stator currents. Similarly, whilst scalar control may provide acceptable steady state speed control, precise and responsive speed control due to load changes requires accurate and responsive torque control. The vector approach overcomes the sluggish transient response when using scalar control of AC motors.

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Field Orientated Control (FOC)

The Field Orientated Control consists of controlling the stator currents represented by a vector. This control is based on projections which transform a threephase time and speed dependent system into a two co-ordinate (d and q co-ordinates) time invariant system.

These projections lead to a structure similar to that of a DC machine control.

Field orientated controlled machines need two constants as input references: the torque component (aligned with the q co-ordinate) and the flux component (aligned with d co-ordinate).

As Field Orientated Control is simply based on projections the control structure handles instantaneous electrical quantities. This makes the control accurate in every working operation.

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Thus in Induction motor, FOC the ease of reaching constant reference (torque component and flux component of the stator current) the ease of applying direct torque control

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

In implementation (the Clarke transformation) which outputs a two co-ordinate time variant system (the Park transformation) which outputs a two co-ordinate time invariant system

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Vector Control Implementation Principle

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Implementation of Vector Control

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Two methods of vector control 1. Direct or feedback method 2. Indirect or feedforward method

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Direct or Feedback Vector Method

Direct vector control block diagram with rotor flux orientation

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Flux Vector Estimation

Two methods: 1.Voltage model 2.Current model

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Voltage Model

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U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

The torque expression is

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Voltage model estimation

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Current Model
The rotor circuit equations

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

But

Therefore

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Indirect or Feedforward Control

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Derivations of indirect control

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Block Diagram of Indirect Vector Control

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Direct Torque Control

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Direct Torque and Flux Control (DTFC) or Direct Torque Control (DTC) or Direct Self Control (DSC)
What is Direct Torque Control? Direct Torque Control describes the way in which the control of torque and speed are directly based on the electromagnetic state of the motor, similar to a DC motor, but contrary to the way in which traditional PWM drives use input frequency and voltage. DTC is the first technology to control the real motor control variables of torque and flux.
U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

 Direct control of torque and stator flux of a drive by inverter space vector selection through a look up table.

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Control Strategy of DTC

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE

Advantages of DTC
Fast torque response Torque control at low frequencies Torque linearity No feedback current control Do not need a tachometer or encoder No traditional PWM is applied

U.Shajith Ali / AP/ EEE / SSNCE