Prof. Katherine Corrales.

SENTENCES CLASSIFIED BY FUNCTION

Grammar Practice Review: Trimestral Exam IMPORTANT!

11C

I.

Exclamatory: What a beautiful day it is! Having a exclamation mark does NOT mean it is an exclamatory sentence! It might also be an imperative sentence!

II. Interrogative: Are you there Chelsea? III. Imperative: Get out of here now! IV. Declarative: This is what I'm talking about.

PRACTICE: Classify the following sentences by their function: E (exclamatory), IN (interrogative), IM (imperative), D (declarative). 1. ________ Why do you believe that? 2. ________ I want to know why you believe that. 3. ________ Please accept my apology. 4. ________ Your face is frightening the baby! 5. ________ My shoe is on fire! 6. ________ When did you first notice that your shoe was on fire? 7. ________ My doctor told me to take these vitamins. 8. ________ Ask Doris for the recipe. 9. ________ Did you solve the puzzle yet? 10. ________ Ann, hand me your coat! 11. ________ Its hard to believe that this paper is made from wood. 12. ________ There are more apples in the refrigerator. 13. ________ Were on the wrong planet! 14. ________ Will Patricia pause to place poached pickles on Paulas pretty plate? 15. ________ I would send her a gift if I were you. 16. ________ Send it now! SENTENCES BY STRUCTURE I. A simple sentence has one independent clause. Americans eat more bananas than they eat any other fruit. one subject, one verb David Letterman and Jay Leno host talk shows. compound subject, one verb My son toasts and butters his bagel. one subject, compound verb

DON'T FORGET! Pay attention to punctuation because it WILL be evaluated!!

II. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. The independent clauses can be joined in one of two ways: With a coordinating conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so With a semicolon (;)

III. A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The independent clause is called the main clause. These sentences use subordinating conjunctions to link ideas. Parallel lines never meet (independent clause) until (subordinating conjunction) you bend one of them (dependent clause). Many dead animals of the past changed to oil (independent clause) while (subordinating conjunction) others preferred to be gas (dependent clause). Even though (subordinating conjunction) the sun is a star (dependent clause), it knows how to change back to the sun in the daytime (independent clause). IV. A compound-complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. The dependent clause can be part of the independent clause.
1. When the heat comes, dependent clause and farmers know the crops will fail. independent clause 2. I planned to drive to work, independent clause until the mechanic repaired my car. dependent clause the lakes dry up, independent clause

but I couldn't independent clause

Practice: Underline once each independent clause and double each dependent clause. Then, classify each into S (simple), C (compound), CX (complex), and CC (compound-complex). 1. ________The Cleveland Indians, who have rebuilt themselves in the off season, have lost their home opener this year. 2. ________Mark said that he forgot his homework, and he asked if he could make it up later. 3. ________ Although he was very intelligent, Mario could not figure out how to solve the Rubik's Cube. 4. ________My favorite sport to watch in the fall is football, so I clear my schedule every Sunday to watch the Browns. 5. ________The circus, with its crazy clowns and brave lion tamers, is in town this week. 6. ________Joan said she loves shopping, but she doesn't have enough money to do it as often as she would like! 7. ________When he saw the price of the car, he started laughing and walked away. 8. ________In the middle of the night, a loud noise from my neighbor's house woke me up. 9. ________Violence on television has been debated by politicians for years, yet they still don't have a good plan about how to deal with it. 10. ________This is the end of my quiz, which had to happen sometime; I hope you liked it!

IMPORTANT: A SIMPLE SENTENCE may contain one of the following compound parts and these parts DO NOT turn them into compound sentences or compound-complex sentences. However, you can combine simple sentences to make them have these structures. Look at the examples. COMPOUND PARTS OF SENTENCES Subjects, objects, complements, and verbs may all be compound. They may include more than one part of the same kind. 1. COMPOUND SUBJECT: Joe and Ann are twins. 2. COMPOUND VERB: He jumped and shouted. 3. COMPOUND DIRECT OBJECT: He grows lettuce and tomatoes. 4. COMPOUND INDIRECT OBJECT: He told Mary and me a story. 5. COMPOUND OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: I wrote about Tom and Jim. 6. COMPOUND SUBJECT COMPLEMENT: She looks thoughtful and sad. PRACTICE: Look at the underlined words in each sentence below. From the list above, decide what kind of compound the words are. Put the corresponding number in the blank. Example: The girls were happy but subdued. __6_ 1. He keeps busy with books and television on the weekend. _____ 2. Helen received packages from Iowa and Michigan on her birthday. _____ 3. Mr. Bennett ordered three shirts and two ties from the catalog. _____ 4. Those girls in the car ahead of us must be Linda and Jane. _____ 5. Sam is exhausted; he has jogged and bicycled all day. _____ 6. I gave Tom and Frank a piece of my mind. _____ 7. The principal and the dean of students are retiring. _____ 8. Bob plays on the basketball team and the football team. _____ 9. Sally visited Maine and Vermont last summer. _____ 10. Dick studied history and reviewed math. _____ RUN-ON SENTENCES: FUSED SENTENCES OR COMMA SPLICES?? A run-on sentence is a sentence with at least two independent clauses (complete thoughts) which are forced together instead of being properly connected. There are two types: a. A comma splice is the attempt to join two independent clauses with a comma, but without a coordinator. Comma Splice: I got up late this morning, I didn't have time for breakfast.

Possible corrections: I got up late this morning. I didn't have time for breakfast. I got up late this morning; I didn't have time for breakfast. I got up late this morning, so I didn't have time for breakfast. I got up late this morning, and I didn't have time for breakfast. b. The fused sentence: It is nearly the same error as the comma splice, but without the comma. Fused Sentence: I got up late this morning I didn't have time for breakfast. To correct these sentences, you have several Possible corrections: options: I got up late this morning. I didn't have time for breakfast. 1) Separate clauses using punctuation. I got up late this morning; I didn't have time for breakfast. I got up late this morning, so I didn't have time for breakfast. 2) Separate clauses using a conjunction. I got up late this morning, and I didn't have time for breakfast. *NOTICE THAT the ways to correct both fused sentences 3) Rearrange the sentence (you may add or and comma splices are the same because both belong to a remove words). bigger category called RUN-ON SENTENCES.

PRACTICE: Directions: try to correct the following run-on sentences. 1. My mother and father and sister are coming to dinner tonight. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. I like learning English it makes me tired. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. My sister was taller than me when we were young now I am the tallest it is fun. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. I love school, I love learning, my teacher is nice. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. I dont want much for Christmas just some chocolates and a little toy car. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Blue is my favorite color it is the color of the sky and the sea and it reminds me of my favorite insect which is the butterfly. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. When I get older I want to have a big family I like big families. ________________________________________________________________________ 8. We usually leave at 11:00 but today is different we are leaving at 10:30. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. I like Tuesdays and Wednesdays and I like Fridays because the weekend starts on Friday. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 10. We should get moving theres no time to waste. ________________________________________________________________________