AS 2411—1993

Australian Standard
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Venous blood—Determination of
lead content—Flame atomic
absorption spectrometric method
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CH/6, Analysis of Body Fluids
for Metals Content. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia
on 19 April 1993 and published on 14 June 1993.

The following interests are represented on Committee CH/6:

Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Institute of Medical Scientists
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Australian Institute of Mining and Metalurgy

Australian Mining Industry Council
Department of Health, New South Wales
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science
Royal College of Pathologists of Australia
Royal North Shore Hospital
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Womens and Childrens Hospital, Adelaide

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 88090.

 AS 2411—1993

Australian Standard
This is a free 5 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Venous blood—Determination of
lead content—Flame atomic
absorption spectrometric method

First publi shed as AS 2411—1980.

Second editi on 1993.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 8237 5
 AS 2411—1993 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Analysis of Body Fluids for
Metals Content, under the direction of the Multitechnics Standards Policy Board, to supersede
AS 2411—1980, Determination of lead in venous blood (flame atomic absorption spectrometric
method).
The Committee organized an inter-laboratory test program to obtain information on the repeatability
and reproducibility of the method. The following laboratories participated in the test program to
provide the data given in Tables 2, 3, A2 and A3:
Department of Health, New South Wales
Hampson and Associates
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science
Mount Isa Mines
Pasminco Metals - BHAS
Pasminco Metals - EZ
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Pasminco Metals - Sulphide

Womens and Childrens Hospital, Adelaide

CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . ... . . . 3
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... . . .. .. . ... . . . 3
3 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... . . .. .. . . .. . . . 3
4 REAGENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . 3
5 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 4
6 SAMPLING, SAMPLE PREPARATION AND STORAGE .. . . . . ... . . .. .. . ... . . . 5
7 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 5
8 CALCULATION OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... . . .. .. . ... . . . 7
9 PRECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . 7
10 TEST REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... . . .. .. . ... . . . 7

APPENDICES
A PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLES WITH LEAD CONTENT LESS THAN 1.5 µmol/L . . . . 9
B RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS FOR PERSONS PERFORMING LABORATORY
TESTS ON CLINICAL SPECIMENS OR OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS
MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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 3 AS 2411—1993

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Venous blood—Determination of lead content—
Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method

1 SCOPE This Standard sets out a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of lead in venous blood. The method is suitable for whole blood with lead
content in the range 1.0 µmol/L to 6.0 µmol/L. Precautions shall be taken to prevent
coagulation or clots from forming in the sample. The sample shall be preserved, prior to
analysis, under the recommended conditions (see Clause 6). Where it is anticipated that the
lead content will be less than 1.5 µmol/L, the procedure outlined in Appendix A is
recommended.
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The procedure for sampling blood for the determination of lead is given in AS 2636.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Standard:

AS
2134 Recommended practice for chemical analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry
2134.1 Part 1: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry

2162 Code of practice for the use of volumetric glassware

2164 One-mark volumetric flasks

2166 One-mark pipettes

2252 Biological safety cabinets

2636 Sampling of venous and capillary blood for the determination of lead or cadmium
concentration

2850 Chemical analysis—Interlaboratory test programs—For determining precision of

analytical method(s)—Guide to the planning and conduct

3 PRINCIPLE The lead is complexed with ammonium 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate and

extracted into a 1-butyl acetate solution. Lead is determined in the organic phase by atomic
absorption spectrometry.

4 REAGENTS

4.1 General requirements All reagents shall be of analytical grade and distilled or
deionized water shall be used throughout. The reagents and the water shall be shown to
contain a lead concentration of less than 0.1 µmol/L.
Warning: The reagents and solutions used in this method may constitute a health hazard and due
care should be taken in their handling.

COPYRIGHT
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AS 2411-1993, Venous blood - Determination of

lead content - Flame atomic absorption
spectrometric method
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