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How to analyze Coverage Issues in DT

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Coverage

Downlink RxLevel and Coverage Coverage of single cell Coverage of whole network

Coverage
Network Coverage is evaluated by: RxLev = EIRP(dBm) L(dB) Where: EIRP = Effective Isotropic Radiated Power L = Propagation Losses EIRP(dBm)

L(dB) RxLev(dBm)

Good coverage

Unexpected coverage (overshooting)

In urban area, Lower Antenna Height (<=25m), Greater downtilt (>=6 degree), and Lower EIRP (<=41 dBm) are used to control overshooting & interference.
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Coverage(one cell)
The following example shows the downlink RxLevel(Dedicated Mode) decreases when MS is driving away from BTS.
Downtilt: 0 drgree

The RxLevel decrease faster when Antenna Downtilt increase.

RxLevel

Variation s due to Rayleigh fading Global means Variation due to shadowing


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Downtilt: 8 drgree

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Coverage(Network)
The picture shows the coverage of a city, which contains good and bad coverage areas. The distribution of downlink RxLev concentrates from -80 to -95 dBm.

Good Coverage

Bad Coverage

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Coverage Issues

What is
Coverage hole Sudden Decrease on Signal Level Line of Sight Lost Lack of Dominant Server Coverage Overlapping Overshooting

Coverage Hole
Legend
RxLevel

Poor Coverage Areas

Bad RxQuality

RxQuality

Call Dro p

RxLevel(Serving Cell) is about (or less than) -95 dBm RxLevel(Neighbours) are about (or less than) -95 dBm
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Sudden Decrease on Signal Level


RxLev(Serving Cell and Neighbors) decrease in a short time. Check if there is big change of testing environment, e.g. check if the test was performed on a highway and that particular area was a tunnel or not. Signal level on the chart will make a curve rather than unstable changes. This usually results in Ping Pong Handovers

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Line of Sight Lost

Signal Strength of Serving cell make fast up and down due to far away server being blocked by obstacles from the terrain. The other way, signal from the server lose line of sight(LOS) to the mobile because of a hill of something.
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RxQuality goes worse when the level drops down fast

Lack of Dominant Server


Signal Level of more than one cell (Serving Cell and Neighbors) are not high enough. This might happen because the MS is located on the cell borders and there is no any best server to keep the call. Lack of Dominant Server Causes too many Handovers Between the same Cells

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Coverage Overlapping
Signal Level of 34 cells are too closed to each other. This might point overlapping cells. This will cause quality problems because of frequency reuse Immediate action to optimize cell coverage should be taken by by power reductions, downtilts or other configuration changes.
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Overshooting
MS is covered by the serving cell, but is outside the cell BSC thinks that it is neighbour cell A and makes a handover to cell A The MS is not near cell A so the assigned TCH for the handover is not used Cell A will have unused TCH (handover) The call might be dropped because it cannot make the handover

Serving cell

BTS

Other cell B BSIC 1 Freq. A

Neighbour cell A BSIC 1 Freq. A

Coverage spot (island effect)

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Proposal of Coverage Issue

Solution of low coverage Solution of overshooting and overlapping

Solutions of Low Coverage


Possible solution can be listed as below:
New Site Proposal Sector Addition Site Configuration Change (Antenna Type, height, azimuth, tilt changes) Loss or Attenuation Check ( Feeders, Connectors, Jumpers, etc..)

Proposal
New Site Proposal

Remark

How to do
Using prediction tool(U-net) to identify the best locations to put new sites Using prediction tool(U-net) to identify the recommended azimuth of new sectors Using prediction tool(U-net) to identify the recommended height, type, azimuth or down tilt of sector.

Most effective solution, but the cost is highest Effective solution Sector Addition but only for Omni-Site Height Difficult, high cost Type Difficult, high cost Antenna Azimuth Easy to operate Downtilt Easy to operate Feeders Only for troubleshooting Hardware Connectors Only for troubleshooting Jumpers Only for troubleshooting

Referring to hardware checking guide

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Solutions of overshooting or overlapping


Possible solution can be listed as below:
Site Configuration Change (Antenna Type, height, azimuth, tilt changes) Cell Configuration Change (Carrier Power Type, Static TRX Power Class, Fine Tuning of Static TRX Power)

Proposal
Antenna Height Type Azimuth Downtilt

Remark
Difficult, high cost Difficult, high cost Easy to operate Easy to operate

How to do
Using prediction tool(U-net) to identify the recommmended height, type, azimuth or downtilt of sector.

Easy to operate, but with Referring to Data Configuration Parameter Output Power related risk of coverage reduction Reference Help

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Thank you
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