DEBATE -is an exchange of ideas wherein the speakers are in the opposing side of the issue being talked

ed about -usually a formal contest in which affirmative and negative sides of the proposition are advocated by opposing speakers

3. Parliamentary Debate parliamentary debates require no prior research Resolutions are established only 10 minutes or so before a round of debate begins, so wit, logic and persuasiveness are strongly emphasized. These debates are referred to as "parliamentary" because of their resemblance to the debates that occur in British Parliament. There are two teams of two debaters in parliamentary debates, and a round consists of six

OBJECTIVES OF DEBATE Increase argumentation skills Improve critical thinking & listening Encourage effective speech composition and delivery

4. Spontaneous Argumentation Spontaneous argumentation, or SPAR, debates feature two debaters who draw a topic at random (traditionally out of a hat). The debaters then spend a few minutes preparing what they will say before engaging in a brief debate on the topic. speeches: four constructive speeches and two rebuttal speeches It is often used in college and university classrooms and helps decrease speaker anxiety and build confidence

Four Basic Elements 1) 2) 3) 4) Motion Time constraints Government & opposition Jury

TYPES OF DEBATE 1. The Lincoln-Douglas Type of Debate (also called as the two men debate) inspired by the debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas during a senatorial race in the 1850s. They are one-on-one debates that focus on arguing for or against competing moral and ethical values. There traditionally has been a strong emphasis on speaking persuasively, logically and clearly in Lincoln-Douglas debates. is a kind of debate where there is only one speaker in the side of the affirmative as well as in the side of the negative. The speaker in the affirmative side opens the debate then followed by the negative speech.

2. The Oxford-Oregon Type of Debate allows two to three speakers in both the affirmative and the negative side. In this kind of debate, the first speaker in the affirmative side delivers the entire affirmative case

Advanced Debating Techniques Why Debate? Debating allows several different qualities to emerge, including collecting, organizing and evaluating ideas, seeing logical connections between ideas, adapting to new situations quickly and efficiently speaking persuasively How are arguments judged? 1) Content Content: The amount of understanding of, and support for the topic. Content can be called, the Argument. 2) Organization Organization: The planning and preparation of the Argument. Organization can be called, the Reason(s) and the Evidence. A-R-E Thus, we have the acronym, ARE: A = Argument R = Reason E = Evidence 3) Delivery Delivery = How the debater speaks: Clear, confident, near-native pronunciation, tone, pace, gestures, & eye contact. There are five (5) things a speaker needs to consider in their delivery: Audibility, Engagement, Conviction, Authority, & Likability (AECAL).

(A-E-C-A-L) A is for Authority You know what you are talking about. Examples: Facts, figures, quotations, personal experience, real life experiences of other people, etc. Example: the state is currently spending five times more for the education of a white child than it is spending to educate a colored child. That means better textbooks for that (white) child than that (black) child. Oh, I say thats a shame. C is for Conviction All speakers must speak and behave in a manner that shows true concern for, and belief in, what they are talking about. E is for Engagement All the things you do to keep the audiences attention. Examples: tone of voice, volume, rate of speech, hand gestures, posture, eye contact, body language, pronouns (you-we), rhetorical questions, emotion, etc. L is for Likability Kind, nice gentlemanly/ladylike behaviour, that is both respectful & courteous while being verbally at odds (clashing) with your opponents ideas not the persons themselves Example: My opponent so conveniently chose to ignore the fact that W. E. B. Dubois is the first Black American to receive a PhD from a white college called Harvard.

How Can We Make Our Arguments More Persuasive? CHUNKING Chunking refers to how specific your arguments are. There are three (3) levels: 1. Chunking up Chunking up is the level of abstract principles. For example, consider the motion: THB Marijuana should be legalized. What is the abstract principle? 2. Chunking down, Chunking down is the concrete, real world level. All debates are about the real world. Debate judges are real people. So how does this work then? 3. Chunking sideways. This is the level of the Analogy. Find something similar to the motion and compare them.

Summary Basic Debating (for all debaters) ARE + AECAL Advanced Debating (to win close debates) Chunking: 1. Up Abstract Principles 2. Down Real World 3. Sideways - Analogy

DEBATING DRILLS 1. MA MA MOO Debaters are given an emotion written on a slip of paper. The debater must convey this emotion by speaking only the three words: ma ma moo.

2. Defending The Indefensible Debaters are given an indefensible motion to defend in a spontaneous argument (ARE + AECAL).

Example: Children under five (5) years of age should be given alcohol.