Introduction: As new development officers, we choose to implement the first project which is the large-scale project of rearing fish

in the cages in the gulf and build a small factory on land to process trash fish into fish feed for the project, as well as for the market sales. We estimated the area of gulf is 5805km2 and population is around 5000 persons. The main occupation here is a fisherman. Gulf is unique because of its nature. The gulf is consisting with mangrove, marine life and others valuable resources. Timeframe for this project is estimated around a year. The project team will involve 15 persons and for the stage 1, we divide this team into two groups. One is ecological group and other one is social group and their task is to analyze and characteristic based on their subgroup. For this project the estimated budget is RM 1.2million. Objective of this project are: i. ii. iii. iv. Creation of job opportunities and improve the quality of life of community. It is a good opportunities for a farmer to get a cheaper supply of fish fertilizer. Hence, can reduce fertilizer costs and increase profit. To make sure that sustainable fisheries will be able to conservation habitat and coastal resources for future generation v. Want to activated again the local fisheries activities and make them become more advance fisherman. Project detail: Estimated gulf area is 5805km2 with a total of 2500km2 is designated for rearing fish in cage. We plan to built 2000 unit of fish cage. This project chooses three types of fish which are Tilapia, Kerapu and Siakap. There are two types of cage design which are fixed and floating. The fixed cage is suitable with a water depth of 1 to 5 meters and the usual size is 50 to 200 square meters. The floating fish cage, on the other hand is from 5 meters deep and about 50 x 25 x 3 cubic meters depending on the area where the fish cage is placed. It is supported at the bottom with a stone weighing 40 to 100 kilos and covered with a net to prevent the fishes to escape. The success of the project depends on the quality of breeds or species of fish as well as the production capability of the selected site in enhancing the maximum growth of the fish.

This entire species is widely used as fish stock because it grows fast. It takes only four months for fingerlings to reach an average weight of 100 grams. There are so many reasons why we choose these species and here is the advantage of the cage culture:

Easier handling, inventory and harvesting of fish Better control of fish population and observation, sampling of fish is simplified Effective use of fish feeds, reduced mortality and high stocking rate Total harvesting and swift or immediate return of investment Less manpower requirement and minimum supervision Gulf cage culture can increase the production more than the pond farming. Fishes are having a much better & sweeter flavor by cage culturing. Cage harvesting is easier stock management and monitoring Always lower capital costs compared with the land-based farms.

Carrying capacity is the total weight of fish that a body of water with defined conditions will support. Here is the production of fish that we estimated per month: Kerapu Siakap Tilapia 44,000 kg 66,600 kg 70,000 kg

Costing a) Estimated Cost Species Kerapu Siakap Tilapia Estimated fix cost RM 3,000 RM 3,000 RM 3,000
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Estimated operation cost RM 6,600 RM 6,800 RM 7,000

Total cost RM 9,600 RM 9,800 RM 10,000

b) Estimated farmers income: Estimated price of Kerapu: RM23/kg Estimated price of Siakap: RM24/kg Estimated price of Tilapia: RM25/kg Species Kerapu Siakap Tilapia Price x Quantity RM 23 x 44,000 = RM 1,012,000 RM 24 x 66,600 = RM 1,584,000 RM 25 x 70,000 = RM 1,750,000

Farmers income per month: profit operational cost 12 month

Species Kerapu

Calculation RM 1,012,000 RM 6,600 12

Estimated income per year RM 83,783.33

Siakap

RM 1,584,000 RM 6,800 12 RM 1,750,000 RM 7,000 12

RM 131,433.33

Tilapia

RM 145,250.00

Stage 1: Issue Identification and Assessment. In this stage, we are going to analysis of the coastal resources and the communities that use and depend on them, identification of priority problems or issues and also make assessment on these matters. What we do in this stage: The first phase involved an analysis of the existing natural resources in coastal areas and the people who utilize them.
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The initial task involved collection and evaluation of the existing knowledge about the region (both scientific and traditional) and identification of gaps and deficiencies in the knowledge base.

Ecological subgroup characterized the most significant habitats, species and biological communities, living and non-living resources and their interactions. This group also analyzed tendencies in the state of the resources and identified sites, times, and/or species that are particularly vulnerable.

The project teams social subgroup initiated a characterization of the productive economic systems of Gulfs coastal zone, social and community organization, the relationships between the residents and the marine and coastal resources, conflicts between social and economic groups related to access to or use of coastal resources, and the strengths and weaknesses of the responsible government institutions.

We make an assessment at this stage by involving the public through interviews, surveys, focal groups, and the recognition of the importance of traditional knowledge.

The issues that we were identified are social problems such as community like loafing culture, conflict among the fisherman due to the struggle for fishing are and landing rights are on the rise. Other than that, the existing local fishing regulations are not complied with. Besides that, we found that the Fisheries Association in that village also not active because they have not receiving enough assistances and support from the Local Fishing Authority and the government Fisheries Agency. Then, based on our interviews with NGOs, the issue that they raised is Conservation of Coastal Habitats and Resources and also Coastal Environmental/Water Quality when we build the factory. In this stage, we also need to prepare several documents that form the basis for development of ICM plans. The documents must have an assessment of the state, trends and also and weaknesses of the mangrove ecosystem, and other coastal wetlands system, assessment of the state, gulfs fishery resources and determine whether resources overfishing and over exploitation is occurred. The document also need to analyses of the social organization and community structures in coastal towns, marine and coastal resources in coastal areas, and a document that analyzed the environmental and social conditions of the gulf coastal zone and identified priority issues.
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Stage 2: Program Planning and Preparation In this stage, we focus on development of a coastal management plan that addresses the priority problems through government and community interventions. Here, we started to focus on the preparation of an Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) plan for this project and also for the coastal zone using the strategic environmental planning methodologies. To make a successful ICM plan, we need an effort to make an evaluation and prioritization of the problems and issues that we identified from the Stage 1 through interactive workshops and focus groups with resource users and interested parties. The objectives of this method is to ensure that the communities of users and residents can cooperate together to reach a shared vision of the future of the coastal areas. Based on the shared vision of the future, the project team and user groups together developed management strategies with follow up specific actions to meet the objectives. For the preparation, the project team developed the Gulf Coastal Management Plan consist of four action plans focusing on critical issues that raised in Stage 1 for the gulfs coastal areas: (1) Sustainable Fisheries. Fisheries are certainly the major economic engine for the community in coastal areas. Monitoring of marine resources and life cycles of economically important fishery resources is non-existent. The Sustainable Fisheries Action Plan is develop by project team and it recognizes the great importance of fisheries to the coastal communities and the urgent necessity of limiting fishing effort and the over-dimensioning of the fleets so that the resources will continue to be able to support the livelihoods of the coastal residents. (2) Conservation of Coastal Habitats and Resources. Gulf fishermen recognize the importance of the mangrove ecosystems as nursery habitats for the valuable marine resources such as lokan, crab and so on. So, local residents make only slight use of mangrove resources for fuel wood and construction materials. As a result, mangrove forests have experienced minimal human intervention.

The Habitat and Resource Conservation Action Plan recommends a management and zoning plan for gulfs mangrove resources to be implemented now before serious pressures exist to convert this important resource to other uses. The plan calls for three types of zones: Preservation Zones in which extractive uses are prohibited, Recovery Zones in which mangrove reforestation will occur, and Multiple Use Zones (the remainder) where limited use for the local markets will be allowed.

(3) Coastal Environmental/Water Quality. The Coastal Environmental/Water Quality Action Plan attempts to address some of issues that related to sewage treatment and solid waste. The plan proposes a number of specific activities related to solid waste management such as studies of current disposal practices and identification of new disposal sites that are not located adjacent to watercourses, coastal cleanup campaigns, public outreach campaigns, studies related to financial sustainability for trash collection operations, and others. The project team developed Terms of Reference for an initial environmental health project that would perform an initial evaluation of solid waste management, domestic waste management, and rapid assessment of coastal water quality nearby to coastal communities. (4) Institution Coordination. The Institutional Coordination Action Plan attempts to provide a structure for institutional coordination in Gulfs coastal areas, as well as create a forum that would embrace resource users and concerned NGOs, as well government officials. This Action Plan also proposed the Creation of a Gulf Special Management Zone Committee involving municipal governments; non-governmental organizations; and representatives of organized resource users; responsibilities of the Management Committee would include monitoring the implementation of the Coastal Management Plan and conflict resolution.

Stage 3: Formal Adoption and Funding This stage is involved an initial search for funding sources to implement the plan or its essential components for this project. This project got funding from Industry Bank Fund. Even though, it was get fund, team members still try to get another fund to make this project more success. For example, a lot of money is needed to bring new technologies. So, we plan to organize a workshop or seminar to present the Gulf Coastal Management Plan and its four Action Plans to representatives of private organizations and NGOs to make them interested. Additionally, agency officials should be able to circulate the activity descriptions among funding sources and, hopefully, capture the financial resources needed to undertake the activity.

Stage 4: Implementation This stage starts at the moment when the project is ratified and covers its entire life span. It encompasses management of day-to-day activities within the framework of the project. We use the construction project life cycle as shown in figure 1;-

Phase

Preproject phase

Planning and design phase

Selection phase
Figure 1

Project Implementa tion phase

Project operation phase

i.

Pre-project phase

A construction project begins with an idea, a perceived need, a desire to improve or add to productive capacity or the wish for more efficient provision of some public service and Whether the idea will be converted into a completed project will be decided during the planning and design phase. However, prior to that, among the first things the owner must do is to decide what sort of project delivery system will be used.

ii.

Planning and design phase

The project is fully defined and made ready for contractor selection and deployment during the planning and design phase and It is convenient to divide this phase into three stages. The goal of the first stage is to define the projects objectives, consider alternative ways to attain those objectives and ascertain whether the project is financially feasible. In this process of planning and feasibility study, a project brief will be developed, more details will be set forth in a programme statement, various sites may be investigated, public input may be sought, a preliminary cost estimate will be prepared, funding sources will be identified and a final decision on whether to proceed with the project will be rendered. iii. Contractor selection phase

In anticipation of selecting a contractor, the owner must decide whether an open invitation will be issued to all possible tenderers or whether only certain contractors will be invited to submit offers and whether any sort of pre-qualification process will be invoked to limit the number of tenders. On the other side, contractors will have to consider a number of factors in deciding whether they will make the effort to assemble a proposal for a particular project. If a contractor finds the prospective project attractive, two major tasks will be required. First, a series of planning steps will be carried out, including studies of various methods and equipment that would be employed and the development of a preliminary project programme setting forth an approximate time schedule for each major activity. Second, a priced proposal will be prepared, including the direct costs of labour, materials, plant and subcontractors, various overhead charges and a sufficient added amount for profit. The last step in this phase is the submittal, opening and evaluation of tenders, the selection of the successful contractor and the finalisation of the construction contract. Project Implementation phase Implementation if the project is approved, the developer might be required to implement an environmental management plan (EMP) for construction, operation and, in some instances, decommissioning of the project. The EMP is the tool used to ensure that the mitigation actions and the monitoring requirements recommended in the EIA are systematically implemented throughout all phases of the project.
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This often-neglected aspect of EIA ensures delivery on promises. Integrated Management plan implementation requires a shared commitment to meet the agreed-upon timelines for each phase of the plan. Key components of successful implementation are: Leadership and facilitation by the overall coordinating body formed under the Integrated Management planning process. Adequate funding, time and resource requirements identified for each phase of the plan. Appropriate reporting structures to ensure that plan objectives are met by each participant. Collaborative arrangements in support of the plan, including interdepartmental Memoranda of Understanding and agreements, joint research initiatives, and steering processes to oversee the plans implementation. To ensure compliance with the objectives of the project surveillance and enforcement programs, such as those for fisheries conservation and protection, maritime defence operations, or marine pollution prevention. Agencies with marine surveillance, monitoring and control capabilities can make significant contributions to the Integrated Management process through multi-tasking, and coordinating their efforts to address the full range of enforcement requirements in the management area. Stage 5 - 6 Operation and Evaluation This important component of the management processes should be incorporated into the ICZM program at the planning and implementation stage. Monitoring of progress and evaluation of impacts should be undertaken annually by the respective implementing and coordinating agencies. The purposes are to see how the projects and programs are doing; determine what could be done for better performance; find out opportunities that could be explored and

developed; and assess the impacts and lessons learned. The ultimate objective of this exercise is to ensure timely intervention to assist projects and programs in meeting set objectives. Evaluation provides opportunities for refinement or for increase or decrease in financial and logistic support.

External reviews of the progress and impacts of the program should be encouraged in the middle of program implementation and at the termination of the program phase. Standard evaluation protocol is available and could be adopted, such as the use of a logical framework. Evaluation measures the changes that have occurred in relation to the set objectives within the time frame given and also assesses the impacts of outputs against the values of inputs. Evaluations and monitoring also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of program implementation with respect to efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated Management is a long-term commitment. Once a project has been implemented, it needs to be monitored so that appropriate steps can be taken to ensure the process remains on track. A necessary part of the management process is evaluation of the outcomes measured against specific objectives. Another necessary part of the process is taking corrective action when necessary. Why we choose this project (fish cages project and fish fertilizer factory)? Aquaculture project is much better and give less impact than building a port. Building a port will give cause environmental degradation. Port construction will damage the environment due to construction work to be performed. The location is more suitable because the nature of the gulf itself. Nature of gulf is unique and more suitable to aquaculture activities because its have no wave, calm and others. It gives more positive impact to communities such as improvement of quality of life and involving more public. (housewife-downstream industries) This aquaculture activities, other than can increase the local community income, improve their quality of life, its also can involving public more than built a port. Housewife also can involve by doing a downstream industries and products such as salt fish, fish crackers and so on. Want to activate the Local Fisheries Authorities. Major occupation here is fisherman, so its better if we can help them to be more advance fisherman or become a modern fisherman.
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These aquaculture activities can help to activated again the Local Fisheries Authorities and this authority will play their role if fisherman has problems.

Toward more advance fishing. (technology use rather than traditional) This project also will introduce new technology to fisherman

Conclusion Even this project can give environmental impact, we will try our best to avoid and mitigate it. If we follow this stage, we can achieve the sustainable development for this project which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Moreover this project is Low initial investment because relative to the cost of pond construction and its associated infrastructure (electricity, roads, water wells, etc.), cage culture in an existing body of water can be inexpensive. At low densities (relative to pond surface acreage) cages often do not require aeration or any electrical source. With this project the farmer can increase confidence that if they all start breeding the fish again, prices will increase again as supply increases. It can increase their income and standard of living for local communities. Furthermore we can encourage communities with strong traditional institutions are typically better able to internalize new approaches and technologies.

References Ghana Farming Network Limited (GHAFAN). Access on 24 July 2012 in

http://www.ghafan.com Michael P. Masser (1997), Cage Culture: Cage Construction, Placement, and Aeration. Water harvesting and aquaculture for rural development. Access on 24 July 2012 in http://www.ag.arizona.edu

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