Title:

Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

COVER SHEET

DOCUMENT TITLE:

WORK INSTRUCTION FOR BLAST RESISTANT STRUCTURES

TOTAL PAGES : 10

This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCo.

0
REV.

18.01.2009
DATE

For Implementation
DESCRIPTION

S.P.
PREPARED

H.S.
CHECKED

M.H.E
APPROVED

Page 1 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

0 REV.

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

REV. PAGE

REV. PAGE

This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCO.

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Page 2 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

Index: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Purpose Scope Definitions Reference Responsibilities Procedure 6.1 6.2 Type of Design Input Parameters 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.3 Load 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Dead Load Live load Blast load Soil Data Structural Design Capacity

Page 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 10

Load Combinations Structural Design Requirements Foundation Design

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Page 3 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

PURPOSE
This work instruction represents the method of design for blast resisting structures in petrochemical facilities.

SCOPE
Blast resistant buildings are limited to rectangular box-shaped structures such as control room and substation, one or two story that are specified to be blast resistant.

Note:

This work instruction serves as a guide only. The skillful originator should have a clear understanding and complete knowledge of the job and the pertinent literature.

DEFINITIONS

REFERENCE Document title

Architectural drawings Reference codes 1) Army TM 5-1300 Structures To Resist The Effect Of Accidental Explosion, 1990 2) Design Of Structures To Resist Nuclear Weapons Effects ASCE Manual 42,1985. 3) Smith P.D., Hethering Ton.J.G. Blast And Ballistic Loading Of Structures, 1994 4) Project Specifications: Blast resistant structures Concrete design and materials

Department
structure

This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCO.

RESPONSIBILITIES
Responsibilities for preparation, checking & approval of this document are as follows: Preparation Checking Approval : Structural Senior or Junior Engineer : Structural Senior Lead Engineer : Structural Lead Engineer

Page 4 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

Description

6.1

TYPE OF DESIGN Reinforced concrete to be used for blast resistant structures to provide better continuity and lateral performance. Blast resistant concrete structures should be designed by ultimate strength design method (U.S.D) 3 dimensional moment resisting frame should be modeled by computer analysis and design program.

6.2 6.2.1

INPUT PARAMETERS Geometrical configuration clearly shows all dimensions, no. of stories. Location of doors obtained from architectural drawings.

6.2.2

Soil Data The following requirements should be assigned from soil report and other project specification documents. Density of soil and allowable pressure Active, passive and rest coefficient of the soil Modulus of sub grade reaction Ultimate capacity of the soil Water level

Note:

In the case of pile foundation the following additional parameters are required: Allowable vertical and horizontal loads of the pile Vertical and horizontal stiffness of the piles Ultimate capacity of the piles

This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCO.

6.2.3

Structural Design Capacity Dynamic capacity of any structural element shall be determined according to the plastic design method for structural steel and the ultimate strength method for reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete masonry as provided by ASIC specification and ACI standard, respectively, except that : a) Dynamic strengths of materials should be used as mentioned in tables 1&2. b) Capacity reduction factor can be increased by percent. c) The dynamic elastic modulus of concrete shall be 1.25 times the static value. For the structural steel it shall be taken as the static value.

Page 5 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

TABLE - 1 DYNAMIC STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL AND REINFORCING STEEL ( RELATIVE TO NORMAL SPECIFIED MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTHS, Fy)

FOR STEELS WITH Fy 412 Mpa - Direct Tension Or Flexure (Fdy): 1.2 Fy - Direct Compression : 2 Fa* but Fdy - Shear (Fdv) : 0.6 Fy FOR STEELS WITH Fy> 412 Mpa - Direct tension or flexure (Fdy) : - Direct compression : - Shear : 1.1 Fy 1.8 Fa but Fdy 0.55 Fy

* Fa is the allowable stress per part 1 of AISC specification. TABLE - 2 DYNAMIC STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (Mpa)
( RELATIVE TO 28 DAY STANDARD CYLINDER COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, fC IN Mpa)

Axial or flexural compression (fdc) : 1.25 fc Shear, direct (Vd) : 0.2 fc Shear, diagonal tension (Vdc) Bond on deformed bars (Ud) Direct tension (fdt) Bearing (fdc) : 0.189 f' c : 0.15 fc : 0.628 f' c : 0.85 fc

* In no case shall fc be less than 21 Mpa

This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCO.

6.3 6.3.1

LOAD Dead Load The dead load is the vertical load due to the actual weight of all permanent structural and non-structural components of building such as floors, roofs, walls, partitions and stairways and also the weight of fixed service equipment supported by structural elements. The specific gravity of materials shall be assumed accruing to commentary tables C1, C2 ANSI/ASCE and ISIRI. 519 code where applicable. The following values shall be assumed Density of soil 1850 kg/m3 (soil report value will override) Density of reinforced concrete 2500 kg/m3 Density of structural steel 7850 kg/m3
Page 6 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

6.3.2

Live load The following imposed live load shall be taken into account: - Stairs, ramps, access platforms and walkways: uniformly distributed load of 250kg/m2 or a concentrated load of 450kgf whichever is critical. uniformly distributed load of 175kgf/m2 or a concentrated load of 100kgf at any point whichever is critical. uniformly distributed load of 1000kgf/m2 or as recommended by vendor.

- Roof:

- Switch gear room, control room and battery room:

6.3.3

Blast load Explosion load are horizontal or vertical, uniformly distributed, static over pressures equivalent in their design effect to dynamic over pressures created by explosions. Elements of building specified as blast proof building shall be designed to withstand the following equivalent static over pressures. a) Each external wall for an external over pressure of 10000 kg/m2 acting from outside of the building and separately, for an internal over pressure of 3350 kg/m2 acting from inside of the building. Roof slab and beams for external and internal over pressures from outside and inside of the building respectively, as follows. Span (m) Up to 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 Over pressure (kg/m2) External 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 Internal 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250

b)

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7.00 8.00 and over c) -

Main structural frames for the worst combination of the above over pressure as applied to external walls and also of the roof tributary to that frame.

Explosion over pressures shall not be assumed to act simultaneously with wind or earth quake forces. Average roof blast loading for main structure framing with span between the values listed may be determined by linear interpolation.

Page 7 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

6.4

LOAD COMBINATIONS Abbreviations used for load combinations are as follows: D L EBW1 EBW2 EBW3 EBW4 IBW1 IBW2 IBW3 IBW4 EBR IBR Dead Load Live Load External Blast Over Pressure from Outside on Wall 1 External Blast Over Pressure from Outside on Wall 2 External Blast Over Pressure from Outside on Wall 3 External Blast Over Pressure from Outside on Wall4 Internal Blast Over Pressure from Inside on the Wall 1 Internal Blast Over Pressure from Inside on the Wall 2 Internal Blast Over Pressure from Inside on the Wall 3 Internal Blast Over Pressure from Inside on the Wall 4 External Blast Over Pressure from Outside on the Roof Internal Blast Over Pressure from Inside on the Roof

Load combinations for design of blast resistant structures are as follows: D + EBW1 + EBR D + EBW2 + EBR D + EBW3 + EBR D + EBW4 + EBR D + IBW1 + IBR D + IBW2 + IBR D + IBW3 + IBR D + IBW4 + IBR D + EBW1 + EBR + L
This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCO.

D + EBW2 + EBR + L D + EBW3 + EBR + L D + EBW4 + EBR + L D + IBW1 + IBR + L D + IBW2 + IBR + L D + IBW3 + IBR + L D + IBW4 + IBR + L

Page 8 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

BLAST LOAD DISTRIBUTION FOR THE FIRST CASE ROOF WALL"1"

FINISHED GROUND LEVEL

E OP

NIN

IN ADDITION TO ABOVE LOADING, EQUIVALENT LINEAR LOADS DUE TO AREA OF EACH OPENING SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.

ING EN OP

-Horizontal blast load does not act on underground parts of the walls. -Applicable dead & live load , over pressure acting on one wall & roof should be considered in each case.

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6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Design and construction of blast resistant buildings shall comply with the following general requirements. a) Blast resisting components of buildings shall be reinforced concrete. b) Lateral load carrying system shall be shear walls, rigid frames with ductile connections. c) Beam or girder spans between supports shall not exceed 10m. d) Materials of limited ductility, such as non-reinforced concrete, non-reinforced masonry concrete blocks, bricks, stones, etc. are not permitted for blast resisting structural elements. When such materials are used for non-structural function in a blast-resistant building, Consideration shall be given to their collateral damage due to the blast-induced motion of the building.

Page 9 of 10

Title:

Work Instruction for Blast Resistant Structures

Hampa Energy Engineering & Design Company

DOC. NO.: W0709

Rev.

6.5.3

Reinforced concrete structures shall satisfy the following additional requirements. a) Roof slabs and external walls shall be double reinforced the amount of reinforcement on each face shall be between 0.25 percent and 2 percent of the effective cross-sectional area. Slabs and walls shall be a minimum of 125mm and 220mm in average thickness, respectively. b) Frames and shear walls shall be designed in accordance with special provisions for seismic design, ACI318M chapter 21, except as modified herein. c) The structure must be firmly embedded in the ground i.e. the vertical walls must extend to at least 1.5 meters below ground level with equal strength as walls above ground.

6.6 6.6.1

FOUNDATION DESIGN foundation shall be designed for the maximum values of the dynamic reactions resulting from the following taken simultaneously in combination : a) Over pressure acting on any one wall b) Roof over pressure c) Applicable dead and live loads The blast surcharge around structure has a beneficial effect and can be conservatively ignored. In no case shall the capacity of any foundation be less than the ultimate static capacity of the structural system it supports or 1.2 times the transmitted loads, whichever is less.

6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4

Allowable dynamic soil bearing pressures shall be 0.8 times of the ultimate resistance value (qa=0.8 qu). The foundation shall be designed so that the safety factor against overturning due to the unbalanced lateral dynamic reactions is not less than 1.2 Passive resistance of the foundation, where required in addition to friction to resist sliding shall be at least 1.5 times the unbalanced lateral load. The unbalanced lateral load is defined as the total horizontal dynamic reaction force less the frictional resistance.

6.6.5

This document with all its rights is the property of HEDCo. and must be held in confidence. No disclosure, reproduction or other use of the document in whole or parts is to made without the prior consent of HEDCO.

For piled foundations the allowable vertical load under blast conditions shall be 0.8 times the ultimate static capacity divided by 1.2, or 2.5 times the conventional allowable load, which over is less. The ultimate static capacity shall be based on the results of a soils investigation and pile load test. Where piles are required to resist lateral movements of the structure, They shall be designed as follows : a) If only vertical piles are used, the combined ultimate lateral capacity of the piles and the passive resistance on the foundation walls and footing shall be equal to or greater than 1.2 times the full lateral resistance required. b) Where batter piles are used, the allowable lateral resistance of the foundation shall be taken as 0.8 times the ultimate lateral load capacity of the batter piles plus 0.5 times the passive resistance.

6.6.6

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