Latest Syllabus (As per 2011 scheme) Elements of Mechanical Engineering Paper ME 101 Punjab Technical University (PTU),

Jalandhar.
PART-A Basic Concept of Thermodynamics: of this book)
1.

(Refer Chapter - 3

Definition of thermodynamics: Need to study thermodynamics (Refer topic 3.1); Application areas of thermodynamics (Refer topic 3.1); Difference between Microscopic (or, Statistical) thermodynamics and Macroscopic (or, Classical) thermodynamics (Refer table 3.1);. Brief concept of continuum(Refer topic 3.2; Thermodynamic System(Refer topic 3.3); definition, types (Open, Closed and Isolated) and their examples(Refer topic 3.3); Thermodynamic System Boundary : definition, types and their examples(Refer topic 3.4); Surroundings ; Control (fixed) mass and Control Volume concept and their example(Refer topic 3.4); Thermodynamic State (Refer topic 3.7); Thermodynamic Property : definition, types citing their examples; condition for any quantity to be a property(Refer topic 3.5); State postulate ; Thermodynamic equilibrium (which includes Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical equilibrium etc.) and its criterion (Refer topic 3.6); Thermodynamic path(Refer topic 3.7); Thermodynamic process (Refer topic 3.7); definition, Concepts of reversible process(Refer topic 3.9); quasi-static (or, quasiequilibrium) process(Refer topic 3.8); irreversible process(Refer topic 3.9); conditions for reversibility and how these are met with, non-flow processes and flow processes, method of representation of reversible and irreversible process on property diagrams(Refer topic 3.9; Cyclic process ; Thermodynamic Cycle : definition and its concept(Refer topic 3.7); Energy and its forms (microscopic and macroscopic) (Refer topic 3.12); Physical insight to internal energy ; Energy transfer across system boundary i.e. transient energies (heat and work) (Refer topic 4.1); Difference between heat and work(Refer topic 3.12); Sign conventions for heat and work interactions(Refer topic 3.14); heat and work as path functions (Refer topic 3.13); Equality of Temperature (Refer topic 3.15); and Zeroth law of Thermodynamics(Refer topic 3.16).

2.

First law of thermodynamics & its applications:

(Refer

Chapter - 4 of this book) Definition, essence and corollaries or consequences of first law of Thermodynamics(Refer topic 4.6) ; Expressions for First law of Thermodynamics for a control mass undergoing a Cycle and for process i.e., a change in state of a control mass (Refer topic 4.4 & 4.5); Concept of Enthalpy and total energy and differentiation between the two - a thermodynamic property(Refer topic 4.2) ; Compressible and incompressible substances (Refer topic 4.2), Specific heats(Refer topic 4.2), Difference between Internal Energy and Enthalpy of compressible and incompressible substances (Refer topic 4.2); Representation of first law of thermodynamics as rate equation(Refer topic 4.8); Analysis of non-flow/flow process for a control mass undergoing constant volume(Refer topic 4.7.1), constant pressure(Refer topic 4.7.2), constant temperature(Refer topic 4.7.3), adiabatic (Refer topic 4.7.4)and polytropic processes(Refer topic 4.7.5) ; Free Expansion Process and its examples(Refer topic 4.7.6), its representation on Property diagram(Refer table 4.5) ; Review of concepts of control volume ; Expressions of first law of thermodynamics for a control volume (i.e. open system) (Refer topic 4.8); Steady State Steady Flow process and its examples(Refer topic 4.8) ; First law analysis of Steady State Flow process e.g. isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, isentropic and polytropic process ; Throttling process(Refer topic 4.10) and its applications ; Flow energy or inertial energy of flowing fluids or, Energy transport by mass ; Application of Steady State Flow Energy Equation to various engineering devices(Refer topic 4.8).

3. (a) Second law of Thermodynamics: this book)

(Refer Chapter - 5 of

Limitations of first law of thermodynamics (Refer topic 5.1) ; and how 2nd law is fully able to explain away and thus overcome those shortcomings of 1st law(Refer topic 5.1); Thermal Reservoirs(Refer topic 5.2.1), source (Refer topic 5.2.2) and sink (Low temperature and high temperatures) (Refer topic 5.2.3) ; Heat Engine(Refer topic 5.3.1), Heat Pump(Refer topic 5.3.2) and Refrigerator(Refer topic 5.3.3) ; definitions, working, efficiency/performance and their real life examples(Refer topic 5.3). Justification as to why the actual efficiency of Heat Pump and Refrigerator shall also be < 100% though on the face of it seems to be more than 100%(Refer topic5.5,5.6) ; Various statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics(Refer topic 5.4) and their equivalence(Refer topic 5.5) ; Philosophy of Carnot cycle and its

consequences viz. how each of the individual four processes constituting the cycle contribute in optimizing the output and efficiency of the cycle(Refer topic 5.7) ; Carnot Engine(Refer topic 5.7), Carnot Refrigerator and Carnot Heat Pump: definitions, working, efficiency/performance and Limitations of the cycle (Refer topic 5.7); Carnot theorem for heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps(Refer topic 5.9); derivation of Carnot efficiency/COP (which seems to be more than 100%)(Refer topic 5.9); Thermodynamic Temperature Scale(Refer topic 5.10)

6(b) Philosophy and concept of entropy: book)

(Refer Chapter - 6 of this

Clausius theorem(Refer topic 6.3) and Inequality(Refer topic 6.4); Entropy changes during various processes (Refer topic 6.9); Temperature Entropy Chart(Refer topic 6.9.1); and representation of various processes on it(Refer topic 6.9.2); Principle of Increase of Entropy(Refer topic 6.6); Applications of Entropy Principle(Refer topic 6.7); Quality of Energy viz. high and low grade energies(Refer topic 4.1.8); Degradation of Energy(Refer topic 4.1.8); Third Law of Thermodynamics(Refer topic 6.10).

PART-B 4. Gas Power Cycles: (Refer Chapter - 7 of this book)

Introduction ; Concept and philosophy of Air Standard Cycle alongwith associated assumptions and advantages (Refer topic 7.1 & 7.2); Air Standard Efficiency (Refer topic 7.1); Nomenclature of reciprocating piston-cylinder arrangement with basic definitions such as swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio, mean effective pressure etc(Refer topic 7.6); Otto Cycle (or constant volume heat addition cycle) (Refer topic 7.10); Diesel cycle (or constant pressure heat addition cycle) (Refer topic 7.11); and Dual cycle (Mixed or Composite or Limited Pressure cycle) with their representation on PV and T-S charts, their Air-standard (thermal) Efficiencies(Refer topic 7.12); ; Brayton Cycle (Refer topic 7.14); ; Comparison of Otto; Diesel and Dual cycle under some defined similar parametric conditions(Refer topic 7.13); Introduction to heat engines(Refer topic 7.3); Merits of I.C. Engines and their important applications(Refer topic 7.3, Table 7.1); , Classification and constructional features of I.C. Engines (Refer topic 7.4 & 7.5); ; working of two stroke and four stroke Petrol and Diesel engines (Refer topic 7.7 & 7.8); and their comparison(Refer topic 7.9); .

5. Engineering Materials:

(Refer Chapter - 8 of this book)

Materials and Civilization(Refer topic 8.2 ); Materials and Engineering. (Refer topic 8.1); Classification of Engineering Materials(Refer topic 8.3 ); Significance of various Mechanical Properties of Materials: e.g., elasticity, plasticity, strength, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, resilience, hardness, machinability, formability, weldability(Refer topic 8.4 ); Properties, Composition, and Industrial Applications of materials: metals (ferrous- cast iron, tool steels, stainless steels and non ferrous-Aluminum, brass, bronze) (Refer topic 8.5 ); , polymers (natural & synthetic(Refer topic 8.6.2); thermoplastic and thermosetting(Refer topic 8.6.4) ), ceramics (glass, optical fiber glass, cements) (Refer topic 8.8); , Composites(fiber reinforced, metal matrix ) (Refer topic 8.7); , Smart materials (piezoelectric, shape memory, thermo chromic, photo chromic, magneto rheological) (Refer topic 8.10); Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators(Refer topic 8.11); Organic and Inorganic materials(Refer topic 8.12); . Selection of materials for engineering applications(Refer topic 8.13); . 6. Centroid, Centre of Gravity and Moment of Inertia: (a) Centroid, Centre of Gravity: (Refer Chapter - 1 of this book)

Difference between centre of gravity and centroid (Refer topic 1.2); Determination of position of centroid of plane geometric figures of I, U, H, L, T, C, Circular ana Triangular Sections. (Refer topic 1.3); Centroid of Composite Areas. (Refer topic 1.4); Determination of position of Centre of Gravity (CG) of regular solids viz. Right Circular Cone, Solid Hemisphere, thin Hollow Hemisphere (Refer topic 1.5). (b) Moment of Inertia: (Refer Chapter - 2 of this book)

Area moment of inertia and mass moment of inertia(Refer topic 2.1 & 2.2); , Polar moment of inertia(Refer topic 2.5); Parallel axes Theorem (or transfer formula) (Refer topic 2.3); , Perpendicular axes theorem(Refer topic 2.4); Radius of gyration, (Refer topic 2.2); determination of area Moment of inertia of I, U, H, L, T, C, Circular and Triangular Sections along various axes(Refer topic 2.6); . Mass moment of Inertia of Circular Ring, Disc, Cylinder, Sphere and Cone about their axis of symmetry and other axes (Refer topic 2.7). Solution to Previous Year papers of this syllabus provided at the end.

Name of Book Elements of Mechanical Engineering by : Amandeep Singh Dhanpat Rai & Co.