..

REFERENCES:

[1]Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mc Kinlay , The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems, Pearson Education Inc. 2nd Edition, 2008. [2] Myke Predko, Programming and Customising the 8051 Microcontroller, TMH, 1999. [3] Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming & Applications, Penram International, 2nd Edition, 1996.
[ 4 ] SENSORS- The Journal of Applied Sensing Technology, A dvanstar Communications Inc. [ 5 ] Computer Communication N etworks by William O dom

WEB SOURCES: [6] www.sensorsportal.com [7] www.sensorsplatform.com [8] www.industrialcontroldesignline.com [9] http://www.electro-tech-online.com [10] http://www.8052.com [11] http://www.8051projects.net/forum [12] http://www.wikipedia.com [13] http://www.datasheetdirect.com [14] http://www.keil.com/appnotes [15] http://www.intel.com [16] http://www.routergeek.com [17] http://www.cisco.com [18] http://www.techinfo.com [19] http://www.commnet.com [20] http://www.networktutorial.com

ANNEXURE - I

1. SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND FAULT REDUCTION:

The system has to be provided with uninterrupted power supply and should be installed with care, in a place where the changes not disturbing industrial environment yet well pronounced. For best results with the flooding sensor, the probes must be at appropriate level. The smoke sensor should in such a position that direct light is avoided. Sensor is light sensitive. For best performance, shield sensor from bright light. Sensor is static sensitive. Sensor connection protected to 15 kV maximum. For best results with the temperature sensor, the LM35 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. Intruder sensor is based on IR so it is to be insulated from interference of such kind.

2. TROUBLE SHOOTING:

In case of a system hang-up condition, the reset button in the vicinity of the Microcontroller can be used to revive the system. The flooding sensor should always be kept dry. The intruder sensor should be placed desired position so as to avoid false triggering.

3. ACCURACY:

During the primary operation the sensitivity of each sensor was up to the desired levels. As a result there was buzzing of buzzer and notification at the time of initiation of the hazardous condition. As the probes of water sensor come in contact with water level there is a notification. Whenever there is a slight disturbance in IR continuity of intruder sensor there is notification. And in case of smoke sensor whenever light is obscured from falling in to the LDR its resistance decreases and

ANNEXURE - II

ISM BAND:

The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for the use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than communications. In general, communications equipment must accept any interference generated by ISM equipment. The ISM bands are defined by the ITU-R 5.138, 5.150, and 5.280 of the Radio Regulations. Individual countries' use of the bands designated in these sections may differ due to variations in national radio regulations. Because communication devices using the ISM bands must tolerate any interference from ISM equipment, these bands are typically given over to uses intended for unlicensed operation, since unlicensed operation typically needs to be tolerant of interference from other devices anyway. In the United States of America, ISM uses of the ISM bands are governed by Part 18 of the FCC rules, while Part 15 Subpart B contains the rules for unlicensed communication devices, even those that use the ISM frequencies. Thus, designers of equipment for use in the United States in the ISM bands should be familiar with the relevant portions of both Part 18 and Part 15 Subpart B of the FCC Rules. Part 18 ISM rules prohibit using ISM for communications. The ISM bands defined by the ITU-R are:

Frequency range [Hz] Centre frequency [Hz] Availability

6.7656.795 MHz

6.780 MHz

Subject to local acceptance

13.55313.567 MHz

13.560 MHz

26.95727.283 MHz

27.120 MHz

40.6640.70 MHz

40.68 MHz

433.05434.79 MHz

433.92 MHz

*Region 1 only

902928 MHz

915 MHz

**Region 2 only

2.4002.500 GHz

2.450 GHz

5.7255.875 GHz

5.800 GHz

2424.25 GHz

24.125 GHz

6161.5 GHz

61.25 GHz

Subject to local acceptance

122123 GHz

122.5 GHz

Subject to local acceptance

244246 GHz

245 GHz

Subject to local acceptance

*Asia Pacific and Eastern Countries **UK and Western Countries For many people, the most commonly encountered ISM device is the home microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz. However, in recent years these bands have also been shared with license-free error-tolerant communications applications such as wireless LANs and cordless phones in the 915 MHz, 2450 MHz, and 5800 MHz bands. Because unlicensed devices already are required to be tolerant of ISM emissions in these bands, unlicensed low power uses are generally able to operate in these bands without causing problems for ISM users. According to 47 CFR Part 15.5, low power communication devices must accept interference from licensed users of that frequency band, and the Part 15 device must not cause interference to licensed users. Note that the 915 MHz band should not be used in countries outside Region 2, except those that specifically allow it, such as Australia and Israel, especially those that use the GSM-900 band for cell phones. The ISM band is also widely used for Radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications with the most commonly used band being the 13.56 MHz band used by systems compliant with ISO/IEC 14443 including those used by biometric passports and contactless smart cards.

ANNEXURE - III

RECEIVER

TRANSMITTER

IR TRANMITTER

RECEIVER POWER SUPPLY

TRANSMITTER POWER SUPPLY

ANNEXURE - IV

TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS
ICs IC1 7805 IC2 AT89C2051 IC3 74LS245 DIODES D1 D2 D3 D4 TRANSISTORS Q1 BC 547/548 Q2 BC 547/548 IC SOCKETS 20 PIN 2 units IN 4007 IN 4007 IN 4007 IN 4007

RESISTERS R1 1K R2 10K R3 1K R4 1K R5 1K R6 1K R7 1K R8 10K R9 1K R10 1K R11 10K

CRYSTAL X1-11.059MHz

RF MODULE 433MHz TX Module

INDICATORS LEDs 6 units ION Buzzer

TRANSFORMER 6V-500mA

CAPACITORS C1 1000/25V C2 100/25V C3 10MF/63V C4 33PF DISK C5 33PF DISK

RECEIVER COMPONENTS
ICs IC1 7805 IC2 AT89C2051 IC3 74LS245 IC4 MAX 232 DIODES D1 IN 4007 D2 IN 4007 D3 IN 4007 D4 IN 4007

TRANSISTORS Q1 BC 547/548 Q2 BC 547/548

CRYSTAL X1-11.059MHz

RF MODULE RESISTERS R1 1K R2 10K R3 10K R4 10K R5 1K R6 1K R7 1K R8 1K R9 1K R10 10K R11 1K R11 10K R12 1K IC SOCKETS 20 PIN (2 units) 16 PIN TRANSFORMER 6V-500mA INDICATORS LEDs 6 units ION Buzzer LCD 2X16 433MHz Rx Module

CAPACITORS C1 1000/25V

C2 100/25V C3 10KPF DISK C4 10MF/63V C5 33PF DISK