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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Non-modifiable factors: -Sex(1.5-2:1 male to female ratio) -Age(common in children and young adults)

Modifiable factors: -Smoking -Environmental hazard -Contact with an infected person


Pulmonary tuberculosis Patchy opacities in the lungs, based on diagnostic radiology

Legend: Modifiable factors Non-modfable factors Client-based Book-based

Haematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Accumulation of the bacteria in the vertebrae (T9-T12)

Proliferation of the bacteria in the vertebrae

Infection M. tuberculosis bacilli kill surrounding disk tissue

POTTS DISEASE

Progressive microcellular damage / injured cells release of chemicals (T9-T12) Circulating B-lymphocytes stimulated producing immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Disk tissue dies by caseation of disk tissue Cytokine interleukin-1 & 6 vasoconstrictive agents stimulate pyrogen release Inecrease metabolic function for body temperature w/ the aid of the hypothalamic thermo regulating system

Cytokine interleukin-2 (responsible for cell mediated response) Binds to interleukin-2 receptor site of TB specific lymphocytes

Antibodies attach to the bacterial antigen tagging them for phagocytosis

T lymphocites activated

Vasodilation of the involved blood vessels

TB specific lymphocytes identify the bacterial antigen & will perform phagocytosis Fragments of the bacillus triggers increase WBC production Diagnostic hematology WBC of 12,700mm3 Neutrophils: 87%

Increase blood flow Redness Heat

Fever

Increase the demand for glucose and other nutrients

Microbial Killing

Leukocytosis

Increase capillary permeability of the surrounding area allowing plasma to leak from blood stream into the extravascular space Localize edema

Rapid cell death

Lymphocytopenia (prolonged infection)

Lymphocytes 7%

Pressure to the surrounding area Pain receptor activated

Abscess Diagnostics show T8 Vertebral Abscess

Back pain

Heavy lifting in occupation (Junker)

Increase load on the spinal column Vertebral narrowing Vertebral collapse (T9-T12) Diagnostic -MRI -CT scan Urinary retention Kyphosis Decreased ability to feel the urge and to control defecation and micturation Constipation

Compression of the spinal cord Paraparesis

Decreased Metabolism

Weakness from lower epigastic region downward

Decreased muscle rating and sensory perception at lower extremity

Decreased physical activity

Muscle atrophy

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