Deeptangshu Chaudhary, d.chaudhary@curtin.edu.

au

CH 323: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

Assignment 2010
1. Application of momentum transfer

Two storage tanks, A and B, containing a petroleum product, discharge through pipes each 0.35m in diameter and 1.75 km long to a junction at D. From D the liquid is passed through a 0.65m diameter pipe to a third storage tank C, 2.75 km away. The liquid surface in A tank is initially 130m above that in C and the liquid level in B tank is 60m higher than that in A tank. Calculate the initial rate of discharge into tank C, assuming the junction has a T fitting and the pump is developing a positive head of 2.75kg/m.s2. The density and the viscosity of the liquid are 870 kg/m3 and 0.7 mN s/ m2, respectively.

You need to draw a schematic diagram for problem 1.

2. Diffusion- Separation process

Dialysis is being considered to recover a product A (approximately spherical compact) with mol. Wt. 150 from a dilute aq. Solution. The principal contaminant is a polymer B (long chain) with mol. Wt. 15000. Predict the initial fluxes for A and B if the dialysis membrane has a porosity of 0.45, a mean pore size of 0.5 micron, and thickness of 30 micron. The feed solution contains 1% of A and 1 % B. Neglect boundary layer resistance, and assume pure water on the product side. You may need to read supplementary materials on separation process to attempt this problem. You can use the diffusivity approximation for dilute aq. solution of non-electrolytes by Wilke & Chang (1955) AICHE, vol 1, followed by the theoretical eqn. for calculating effective diffusivity based on ratio of molecular to pore size. The larger polymer B will have its molecular diffusivity estimated using Stokes-Einstein eqn., because its motion will be affected by the temperature of the operation (polymer chain vibration and motion). Then, consider the scenario that polymer chains usually fold on themselves, and thus the actual molecular diameter is approximately 1.7 to 2.5 times the theoretical molecular diameter. The impact of this information is on the molecular diffusivity and then on effective diffusivity.

Deeptangshu Chaudhary, d.chaudhary@curtin.edu.au

CH 323: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

Assignment 2010
3. Heat exchanger Design Cold coal slurry made up of 72% water and non-reactive coal will be heated from 27C to 58C in a single pass heat exchanger (See figure). The slurry should move as a single material with plug flow characteristics and its properties can be taken as additive (because they are non-reactive). Sunflower seed oil is used as the heating fluid. The viscosity of the oil increases dramatically below 65C, and below this temperature, oil viscosity is unmanageable by existing pumping equipment. For such viscous materials, the flow can be considered turbulent at Re ~ 270-300. The coal particle size distribution is given as follows; Weight % 25% 15% 40% 20% Particle Dia (mm) 5 4.2 3.3 1.5

Oil can be taken in the shell side. For initial design, the shell side can be designed with some baffles and in the tube-side, the tube diameter needs to be fixed. Material properties can be found in material data sheets or data for similar materials can be used (with appropriate referencing). The flow of slurry needs to be designed carefully within the tubes (hint flow should be such that coal particles do not settle). Also, the shell side behaviour needs careful consideration.

If we get fully developed flow in the tube side, we can use Metzner correlation in smooth pipes for tube side ' h' , f h 2 St C p G 1.2  f/2 (Pr  1) Pr 0.33

Figure 1 Schematic diagram for problem 3

Design an effective heat exchanger for this task and report the following; a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Assumptions Tube side h Shell side h Overall heat transfer Coefficient U Effective area for heat transfer A Overall Pressure drop in the tube side neglecting the manifolds Mass rate of coal slurry that can be heated in the above design

Deeptangshu Chaudhary, d.chaudhary@curtin.edu.au

CH 323: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

Assignment 2010
4. Adsorption-separation column A water stream (15 ton/hr) containing 18.75% butanol is to be released in the open environment. The regulations require a breakthrough concentration in the exhaust stream to be 0.45%. A porous activated bed of coal slurry is to be used for the adsorption-separation process in a counter-flow column at 30C and 1 atm. If the coal slurry is made up of 65% coal particles in water with average diameter of 10.22 mm and this slurry is pumped through the column (always free of solute), predict a column design for the above separation process and provide; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The linear velocity of the slurry through the column to prevent channelling in column Minimum column design parameters (D, H, porosity) convective mass transfer coefficient equilibrium time for one layer of particles in the bed to reach adsorption saturation mass flow rate of coal slurry used Predicted pressure drop in the column

It is known that the interaction parameter of butanol in water is 3.3 and diffusion in bulk is affected due to polar interactions (H-bonding). The convective mass transfer coefficient kc and the overall mass transfer coefficient Kc of butanol from its liquid bulk stream to coal bulk slurry is given by;

0.33 D 0 .6 kc e 1.17 Re p * Q D e Dp 1 | Dp Kc 10 De

De

effective binary diffusion coeff of Butanol in water

D p mean particle dia of adsorbent Re p Reynolds number of the adsorbent particle

kinematic viscosity of the liquid (water) stream

Design parameters may vary because of various choices that you may make. Wherever necessary, simple linear models (eg. additive rules) can be imposed. Typical material properties could be used for the general design. All references must be provided for selected material data.