Effect of Shunt Capacitor on 317Hz Ripple

Injection Signals in Distribution Network

A Case Study
By
Hitesh Bavarva
Planning Engineer
Top Energy Ltd.
INTRODUCTION
o Objectives:
Investigate the Effect of
1. A 4 x 840 kVAr Switched Capacitor Bank at Zone Substation
2. Feeder Capacitors for Voltage Support Purposes
3. A Power Factor Correction Capacitor at Low Voltage Level
4. Network Loading
on the 317Hz Ripple Signal Level and Its Amplification on the
Distribution Network.
o Tool:
DIgSILENT PowerFactory Software
Capacitor Bank Facts
- For Power Factor Correction
- For Reactive Power Support
- Can be used at any voltage level
- Do not Generate Harmonics
- Provide Network loop for
local and general resonance
Harmonics Nagnification.
- !nfluence the magnitude of
Harmonics currents and voltages.
Typical Shunt Capacitor Arrangement
Russell Capacitors
And
Controller
Installed Capacitor
Capacitor Controller
Capacitors in Workshop
Ripple Injection Plant
- Nainly used for
peak load control
street light relay control.
- !njects 317Hz audio frequency
signals.
- L-C series circuit creates low pass
filter for 317Hz frequency.
- Ripple !njection level at ZS bus
bars : 2-7v (L-N) with reference to
Low voltage system.
- !njection duration: Approx. 7 Secf
telegram
- Ripple Relay voltage : Nin 1v (L-N).
Typical Ripple Injection Plant Arrangement
Ripple Injection Plant at Kaikohe Substation
Resonance in the Network
Resonance in the Network (Contd.)
Series Resonant
Minimum Z
Minimum V
Maximum I
Figure: 2
Figure: 1
Figure: 3
Parallel Resonant
Maximum Z
Maximum V
Minimum I
Figure: 4
Top Energy Network Model
- D!gS!LENT PowerFactory Nodels : 33kv and 11kv Network.
- Ripple !njection Static Converter : Ward Equivalent voltage Source
- Distribution Transformers and Lv Network are not included
- Functionality Used: Harmonic Load flow and Frequency Sweep
840VAr Switched Capacitor Banks
Ripple Injection Plant
W
P
A
0
1
1
_
1
W
P
A
0
1
1
_
3
200kVAr Fixed Capacitor Banks
3 x 210kVAr switched pf Correction Unit at 440V
Effect of ZS Capacitors on Network Impedance
8.559 8.523 14.096 WPA011_3
8.559 41.29 9.743 WPA011_1
Close Bus Open Bus Open Bus
With Capacitors Without Capacitors
Impedance for 317Hz Signal
Name
Without Capacitors
With Capacitors
Figure: 1
Without Capacitors
With Capacitors
Figure: 2
Effect of Feeder Capacitors on Network Impedance
7.223 21.491 8.56 WAP011_3
7.223 21.491 8.56 WAP011_1
Close Bus Close Bus Close Bus
With ChinaClay pf Capacitors Without Fdr Capacitors With ZS Capacitors
Impedance for 317Hz Signal
Name
With ZS capacitors
With ZS capacitors
+
With pf Correction Capacitors
Figure: 2
With ZS capacitors
+
Without Feeder Capacitors
Figure: 1
With ZS capacitors
Waipapa 11kV Bus- Signal Levels
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
WPA011_1 WPA011_3
11kV Bus
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
L
-
N
)
w/o WPA caps w/o WPA caps + China Caps with WPA caps + Open Bus
with WPA + China Caps + Open Bus with WPA caps + No Fdr caps + Open Bus with WPA caps + Close Bus
with WPA + China Caps + Close Bus with WPA caps + No Fdr Caps + Close Bus
Signal Levels at Waipapa 11kV Bus
Effect of Network Load on Network Impedance
5.307 8.52 WAP011_3
53.14 41.28 WAP011_1
Open Bus Open Bus
Average Load Maximum Load
Impedance for 317Hz Signal
Name
Max. Load
Avg. Load
Effect of Network Load on Signal Levels
Waipapa 11kV Bus- Signal Level
(Max Vs Avg Load)
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
WPA011_1 WPA011_3
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
L
-
N
)
w/o WPA caps w/o WPA caps + Avg Load with WPA caps + Open Bus
with WPA caps + Open Bus + Avg Load with WPA caps + Close Bus with WPA caps + Close Bus + Avg Load
Ripple Signal Amplification on the Feeder
4 steps, 100Amps
Voltage Regulator
22/11kV Transformer
200kVAr Fixed Capacitor Bank
Rangiahua Feeder- Kaikohe Substation
Conclusions
- Network impedance and Ripple Signal level depends on:
Network configuration
Network Loading.
- Parallel Resonance occurs close to the injected ripple injection frequency (317Hz).
- Addition of + x 8+0kvar capacitors will change the Network impedance significantly.
- Feeder and power factor correction capacitors decrease the signal level on the Network but the
ripple signal amplifies across them.
- Ripple signal amplification occurs on the distribution feeder.
- Ripple signal amplification can cause adverse effects on customer equipment.
- !nstallation of new Shunt capacitors should be investigated where ripple signals are used for load
control purposes.
Future Work
DigSilent Model should include Distribution Transformers and LV Network.
The Model should also include all the spur lines in the Network.
The Signal levels should be verified by taking field results.
Thank You
Questions are Welcomed.