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2




First Published 2007
By Madbt Writers & Translators
Western Cape
South Africa
muaadth_allie@yahoo.com




Any part of this book may be reproduced for teaching
purposes with condition that no alterations are made in
it.


Books may be bought or ordered by contacting madbut
at the above email





3
CONTENTS

Contents 3
Acknowledgments 4
System of transliteration 5

Introduction 7
Biography of Jamzr 9
Jamzrs sanad 10
The authors link to Mustaf al-Mh 11
The text of the Tuhfah 12
The Muqaddimah 16
The rules of nn skinah and tanwn 23
The rules of mm and nn mushaddadatain 34
The rules of mm skinah 35
The ruling of lm of al and lm of the verb 40
Mithlain, mutaqribain and mutajnisain 47
The types of madd 53
The rulings of the madd 61
The types of madd lzim 67
Conclusion of the Tuhfah 79
Bibliography 83















4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Allah, the Almighty, my Nourisher, my Sustainer, my
Provider.

Gratitude goes to my lovely wife and my adorable children.

I thank my brothers and sisters for their continous support, and my
teachers for their guidance.






























5
SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION

Nr Arabic English Nr Arabic English
1
'
` 17

th
2

b 18
_

3

t 19
_
gh
4

th 20

f
5
_
j 21

q
6
_
h 22

k
7
_
kh 23

l
8

d 24

m
9

dh 25
.
n
10
_
r 26

h
11
_
z 27
,
w
12

s 28

y
13

sh 29


14

s 30


15

d 31
,

16

t 32
'
ai
33
, '
ou
6

N.B. Arabic words are italicized except in 3 instances:
1- When possessing a current English usage.
2- When part of a heading.
3- When the proper names of humans.

N.B. The sign for [ ] which is [`] will be omitted when the former
appears in the beginning of a word.
































7
INTRODUCTION

This is the second part of the Murshid al-Qri` series. It is a
translation and explanation of one of the most accepted and taught
texts in the field of tajwd, the Tuhfah of Jamzr. In fact, many
teachers do not qualify their students until they have memorised and
understood this text.

As mentioned in the first book, the student will benefit fully from
this work after he has understood the first book. Discussions
deliberated in the first book will not be repeated here, and the
student should enhance his knowledge in this field by concentrating
on all the new topics not dealt with in the first book.

Any person seeking to master this field will find it necessary to
study Arabic texts such as these. The book has been written
specifically for the non-Arabic speaking person. Thus, after citing the
text under the heading, TEXT, a heading, VOCABULARY, will
follow in which every word in the line will be translated.

The student should strive to learn the translation of the individual
words because it is only translated once. If the same word appears in
another line, it will not be translated again, assuming that the
student had already memorised it when it appeared the first time.

Translations of the words have been made in the context of the verse,
and in the simplest manner to enable understanding. After the
translation of the individual words, a translation of the verse will be
given under the heading, TRANSLATION. Finally, the rules
mentioned in the verse are discussed under the heading,
EXPLANATION.

Most of the rules, like nn skinah and tanwn, mm skinah and madd
etc. have already been discussed in the first book. This book will
serve as a revision of those rules for the student. At the same time,
8
his concentration should be focused on the text and its memorisation
since its rules have already been dealt with previously.

Discussions, which have not been touched on previously, will be
considered in a simple manner for the beginner avoiding different
opinions and views. The object is for the student to have a strong
basis before embarking on the more complicated issues in the field.




























9
Biography
The authors full name is Sulaiman ibn Husain ibn
Muhammad al-Jamzuri.
1
Ali al-Dabb and Muhammad al-Mh add
ibn Shalab after Muhammad.
2
He was known as Afandi, a
Turkish term used for respect. (At times, a mm is added in place of
the y`, making it Afandim.)
Jamzuri followed the Shafi school of law. In Sufism, he
followed the Shadhal path under the guidance of Sheikh
Muhammad Mujhid al-Ahmad.
3

He was born in Rab al-Awwal around 1160 A.H. in Tant,
Egypt. Al-Jamzr links the author to the town of Jamzr,
approximately four miles out of Tant
4
, well known in the area of
Manfiyyah.
5
The author of Minnah al-Mutal writes that the area
Jamzr previously in Manfiyyah is presently incoporated into
Tant.
6

Jamzuri studied qir`t under Nr al-Dn Ali ibn Umr ibn
Hamd ibn Umr ibn Nj ibn Fansh al-Mihi (d.1204 A.H.)

His literary works include:
1. Tuhfah al-Atfl
7

2. Fath al-Aqfl sharh Tuhfah al-Atfl
8

3. Kanz al-Man
9

4. Fath al-Rabbn sharh Kanz al-Man
10

5. Manthmah f qir`ah Warsh
11


1
Fath al-Malik al-Mutal, pg.7
2
Minhah dhil al-Jall, pg.34, Fath al-Malik al-Mutal, pg.18
3
Fath al-Malik al-Mutal, pg.7
4
Minhah dhil al-Jall, pg.35
5
Fath al-Malik al-Mutal, pg.18
6
Minnah al-Mutal, pg.19
7
Hadiyyah al-rifn, vol.1, pg.405
8
Hadiyyah al-rifn, vol.1, pg. 405
9
Imt al-Fudal` bi Tarjim al-Qurr`, Vol. 2 pg. 139
10
Fath al-Malik al-Mutal, pg.8. Also wrote Fath al-Rahmni sharh Kanz al-Man. It is
possible that this is one and the same book.
11
Fath al-Malik al-Mutal, pg.8. This book still remains a manuscript in the Egyptian
libraries.
10
Jamzrs sanad


Ibn al-Jazar
12


Al-Umyt Al-Qilql Al-Uqb Al-Nuwair

Sheikh al-Islam Zakariyy al-Ansr

Al-Jaml ibn Zakariyy al-Ansr Nsir al-Dn al-Tablw

Ahmad al-Masr al-Misr

Ouliy` Afand
Shahhdhah al-Yemen

Ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Sumbt

Saif al-Dn al-Basr Abd al-Rahmn al-Yemen

Al-Shabrmallis Muhammad al-Baqar
Sultn al-Mazzh


Al-Nr Al-Dimyt Al-Manf Al-Rumail


Al-Asqt Muhammad Munayyir al-Samannd

Ali al-Badr

Slim al-Nibtt
13
Isml al-Mahall



Ali al-Mh


Sulaimn Jamzr





12
The rest of the sanad to the Prophet can be referred to in Isnd al-Jazar al-Imm
by Saleem Gaibie.
13
Slim al-Nibtt is included by Mirsaf in his sanad in Hidyah al-Qri`, vol.1, pg. 41
11
The authors link to Mustaf al-Mh:

Ali al-Mh


Mustaf al-Mh


Sulaimn al-Shahdw


Ali al-Hilwu Ibrhm


Khall mir al-Matbas


Muhammad Sbiq


Abd al-Azz Ali Kuhail


Ahmad al-Tj


Abdullah al-Sunnri


Muhammad Ysn al-Fdn


Al` al-Dn ibn Jaml al-Dn al-Afghn


Muhammad Saleem ibn Isml Gaibie


12

13

14

15

16


The author starts his book in the same manner as the Qur`n, with
the basmalah, whilst practising upon the hadth of the Prophet
which states:

` _ ' ,` , ,,-, ~, = , , ' .` , . , , '
14

Every good deed, which is not started with ,,-,' ,' , is severed from blessing.
15


TEXT: 1
_, -| -_ _-_ ,, , ' _` | ,` .,` = -.

VOCABULARY:
, , , - he says
- , a person who hopes
- , mercy
, , the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Forgiving
, more commonly used as which means always
. , ` the name of the author
,` a pronoun meaning he, him or it
, ,` , - he comes from the place of Jamzr. This has been
mentioned above in the biography of the author.




14
What is meant by `_= ' is , ' `_ ,= ; cut or severed from blessing.
15
Tabaqt al-Shfiiyyah al-Kubr , vol.1, pg.12. Al-Jmi li akhlq al-rw wa db al-
smi, vol 2 pg. 87, hadth no: 1231, 1232. Al-Adhkr al-Nawaw, pg.198

17
TRANSLATION:
1. Says he who always hopes for the mercy of the Oft-Forgiving, who
is Sulaimn Al-Jamzr.

TEXT: 2
_- ., =` - | ` .| ' - | .' ` - :

VOCABULARY:
` - All praise
for Allah
., .` it stems from the word salh, which literally means to pray.
Here, it refers to someone who is praying, or sending salutations.
on, upon
-` refers to the beloved Prophet
, and
- l means family. With the pronoun attached it means his family.
- those
: to follow / to recite

TRANSLATION:
2. All praise is due to Allah, whilst sending salutations upon
Muhammad, his family and those who follow (the Prophet and his
companions)
16
/ and those who recite the Qur`n (correctly).
17


EXPLANATION:
The author mentions Al-hamd (praise) at the beginning of his book in
accordance with Qur`n and the hadth of the Prophet :



16
The portion in brackets is as explained by Jamzr in Fath al-Aqfl, pg. 12
17
This explanation is given by Hasan al-Dimashq
18
' .` , . , , ' _ ' ,` , - ,
All good actions not started with the praises of Allah
are severed of blessing.
18


If the meaning of : is assumed to be to follow, then salutations
would be incurred upon those who follow the Prophet and his
Companions in inculcating their ways. This meaning is offered by
most scholars. If the meaning to recite is assumed, then salutations
will be incurred on all those who recite the Qur`n correctly and
practise its injunctions.

TEXT: 3
` .-, . .,` | ` ,=' | ' .` .` | ,,' | .,' | _

VOCABULARY:
` - thereafter
- this
` , poetry (this book)
, ,` for the student. Murd means follower, in this context
referring to a follower of ilm (knowledge).
literally means in.
. , - particularly referring to the nn skinah
, , the tanwn or nunation symbolised by . . .
,` ` the plural of madd




18
Sunan Ab Dwd, vol. 4, pg. 2065, hadth no. 4840. Ibn Mjah, vol.1, pg. 610, hadth
no. 1894. Musnad Ahmad, vol.2, pg.359, hadth no. 8712. Ibn Hibbn vol.1, pg.175 hadth
no. 2. Al-Baihaq, vol.3, pg. 209

19
TRANSLATION:
3. Thereafter: this versified text (poetry) is for the student regarding
the (rules of) nn, the tanwn and the mudd.

EXPLANATION:
The author states Thereafter, meaning after the author has started
with Allah's name, praised Allah, and sent salutations upon His
beloved Prophet , whatever follows is what he actually intends to
write about.

The author mentions that he will explain rules regarding the nn
skinah, the tanwn and the mudd. However, other rules beside these
are also discussed, the lm al-tarf, the mm skinah, the nn and mm
when they are mushaddad etc. The reason why the author only
mentions nn, tanwn and mudd is because the rules in the book are
predominantly concerning them.

In some prints instead of ,` ` the word ,` appears. The first is
more common and is preferred.
19


TEXT: 4
., ` ` .,' = , ,v ` ' , ,| . ` _,,| ,= -

VOCABULARY:
` ` . , It is derived from the word , which means name. When it
appears as , it means to give something a name.
` - gift

19
Check the copy with side notes written by Sheikh Muhammad Atq al-Deoband.
He also gives preference to _` ` ' since he cites it in the core text.

20
, ~ . children. It is the plural of ~ , which means a child who has
not yet matured (bligh). Here, it refers to the beginner who intends
to learn tajwd.
from
- , our sheikh, or teacher
, , refers to Jamzr's teacher, Nr al-Dn Ali al-Mh.
, a holder or possessor of perfection

TRANSLATION:
4. I have named it (this book) a gift for children / for the beginner,
transmitting from our Sheikh Al-Mh, the possessor of perfection.

EXPLANATION:
Jamzr has named this book A gift for the beginner, since it
contains the basic rules required for the person intending to study
the science of tajwd.

Whatever rules he mentions in the book he transmits (he has learnt)
from his teacher Al-Mh who was an expert in the field of qir`t and
tajwd. His full name is Nr al-Dn Ali ibn Umr ibn Hamd ibn Umr
ibn Nj ibn Fansh al-Mh. He was born in 1139 A.H. In spite of
being born blind, he studied under renowned scholars at the Azhar
University and became famous as an expert in the field of Qur`nic
studies. He travelled to Tant and taught people Qur`n and tajwd,
so much so that all sanads of the people of Tant now go through Al-
Mh. He is called Al-Mh because he hails from a place called Mha.
He died in 1204 A.H. His students include his son Mustaf al-Mh.

Al-Mh is referred to as the possessor of perfection in everything
about himself; manners, character, appearance, knowledge etc.
20


20
Fath al-Aqfl, pg.13
21
Some have restricted this quality of perfection to his knowledge
concerning the sciences of the Qur`n.
21


In many prints , , is written as , , , with a fathah on the mm.
However, the more correct pronunciation is with a kasrah on the mm
since he came from the village named Mha and not Maiha. Allah
knows best.
22


TEXT: 5
., :=| _, .| , ,` -_| ' .,, | ,,` ,| -v

VOCABULARY:
,` - , ' I hope
with it (book)
_ , it will benefit
: the students. Plural of . , the student.
, - . recompense
, ,` acceptance
, reward

TRANSLATION:
5. I hope that it (the book) will benefit the students and (I also wish
for) recompense, acceptance and reward.

EXPLANATION:
The author hopes that this book will benefit students in
understanding the science of tajwd. He also hopes for acceptance
from Allah, and that Allah will reward him for it.


21
Mufd al-Aqwl, pg.10
22
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat pg.7
22
The word : is the plural of . , which means someone who is
engrossed, absorbed or lost in something ` . , ` . , ). This is
also referred to by the author in the third line as murd.
It includes the beginner (, ` ), the intermediate (= , ` ) and the
expert ( , ` ). The beginner is he who has initially embarked on the
study of the science of tajwd and is incapable of studying texts on his
own. The intermediate is the student who has learnt enough to guide
himself in further studies. The expert is he who is capable of
understanding the text and its meanings.

, ,` , which means acceptance could have various meanings; accept
him (the author) due to his writing this book, or accept the book
from him or accept both him and the book.
23


Most are of the opinion that the words , - . and , are
synonymous. A few scholars differentiate between the words saying
that ajr is reward that is received after doing a particular action , ,
whereas thawb is reward given by Allah through his mercy and
grace with no action required.

In . : and . , there is an additional alif at the end of the words.
In Arabic, it is called alif al-itlq; a general alif. It has no bearing on
the word itself but is merely used to keep the rhyme scheme of the
poetry. It is used often in this book.








23
Minhah dh al-Jall, pg.39
23
, , | - .| . ,'| ; - |
THE RULES OF THE NN SKINAH
AND THE TANWN

TEXT: 6
,,' | . .; .,' | ' _,,, .` . ;-| ` _,_|

VOCABULARY:
. , for the nn
. , when it has a sukn; it is unvowelled or vowelless
, , for the tanwn
` _ , ' four
- ' rules
so
` - take
, , my explanation

TRANSLATION:
6. For the nn, when it has a sukn, and for the tanwn there are four
rules, so take my explanation (thereof).

EXPLANATION:
The author mentions that there are four rules regarding the nn
skinah and the tanwn. In the lines that follow, he offers his
explanation of these four rules: ith-hr, idghm, iqlb and ikhf`.

TEXT: 7
' v =` -| ,| ` _,, , ' =- .,` ` _ .= |

VOCABULARY:
,, . the first
24
` , , ~ - ith-hr
before
` , - ' letters. The plural of , - , letter.
- for the throat
. six. It can be read as . or . . There won't be much
difference in the meaning.
24

. ` , arranged (in order or sequence). It refers to . before it.
, so know them (these six letters of the throat). This word can
also be read as , ` . Its meaning would then be: let them be
known.
25


TRANSLATION:
7. So, the first (of the four rules) is ith-hr, before the letters of the
throat which are six, arranged in order (of their makhrij from the
lower throat upwards), so know them.

EXPLANATION:
The first of the four rules is ith-hr. It literally means clear. If the
nn skinah appears before any of the six letters of the throat, then
ith-hr will take place; it will be read clearly without any extra nasal
pull.

In some prints ` , - ' is replaced with ` , - . . The first is more
common and is relied on.
26


In the following line, the letters of the throat are mentioned in their
order of pronunciation from the lower throat upwards.


24
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
25
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
26
Refer to Mufd al-Aqwl, pg.12, and Umdah al-Aqwl
25
TEXT: 8
- ,- ' , ,. ' ,` - - ,- ' , . .

VOCABULARY:
, then
. ,` referring to the ain and the h`.The word ,` means dotless
or without dots (diacritical marks).

TRANSLATION:
8. The hamzah and the h`, then the ain and the h` which lack dots
and then the ghain and the kh`.

EXPLANATION:
In this line, the six letters of the throat are mentioned. Thus if a nn
skinah or tanwn appears before any of these letters, ith-hr will take
place.

TEXT: 9
. | .| ' .., ;-.; ' _ , ., -, , ., .| ,` .-

VOCABULARY:
. the second
, - idghm
. in six (letters)
. ' appear, take place, occur
. , , , This combination indicates to/holds all the letters of idghm.
,` according to them (the qurr`)
verily, surely
. established, fixed

26
TRANSLATION:
9. And the second (rule) is idghm in six (letters), appearing in (the
combination) . , , , , which are fixed by them (the qurr` - as the
letters of idghm)

EXPLANATION:
The second rule the author explains to us is idghm, which literally
means to assimilate or to join one thing into another. In this case, the
nn skinah or tanwn will be assimilated into one of the letters of
. , , , , if they appear after the nn skinah or tanwn.

He further adds that these six letters are affirmed amongst qurr` as
the letters of idghm i.e. all the qurr` agree that idghm of nn skinah
and tanwn will take place into these six letters.

In most texts, the six letters of idgm are said to be found in the
combination . , , , (with a fathah on the mm). However, some argue
that it should be . , ` , , (with a dammah on the mm) since it stems from
the Arabic , ` , , (with a dammah on the mm), which means to
make haste.
27


TEXT: 10
..| ,' | -.` , ,.| ' ., ' ` -, , , ,` , , ` -

VOCABULARY:
, but they (these six letters)
. two types
, part or type (one). The singular of .
` , - idghm will be made

27
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
27
, in it (this type)
` with ghunnah. Ghunnah is the nasal sound found in every nn
and mm
. , ,` , , in (the letters of) ,` ,
` they (the letters) are known

TRANSLATION:
10. But they (these six letters) are of two types: one, in which idghm
takes place with ghunnah. It is known (remembered) by ,` , .

EXPLANTION:
The author divides the six letters of idghm into two types: those
letters in which idghm takes place with ghunnah, and those letters in
which idghm takes place without ghunnah. In this line, he explains
the first type: idghm with gunnah. Idghm will take place with
ghunnah in the four letters of ,` , , if they appear after the nn skinah
or the tanwn.

TEXT: 11
.; v; :. ., ' . ,-.` : .,= ' , ,` .

VOCABULARY:
. , - except
, if
28
the two of them. It refers to the mudgham
29
which would be
the nn skinah or the tanwn, and the mudgham fh
30
which would be
one of the letters of ,` , . In some prints it appears as . , without

28
It appears as in most prints, including Al-Dabb, Muhammad al-Mh, Hasan al-
Dimashq, Dr Ashraf Talat, and even Jamzr himself in Fath al-Aqfl.

29
The letter with which idghm is being made
30
The letter into which idghm is being made
28
the alif at the end. In this case it would only refer to the mudgham
(the nn skinah or tanwn).
31

. in one word. Can be read with a fathah or kasrah on the kf.
32

The meaning will remain the same.
, ` :.
33
then dont make idghm. It can be read with a fathah on
the ghain also ( , ` ); its meaning would then be: then idghm wont be
made
34
.
. - like
: to follow. It hints at other examples, which follow the same
pattern.

TRANSLATION:
11. Except if the two (mudgham and mudgham fh) appear in one
word, then do not make idghm like (in the words) , ` then . , . , and
(examples that) follow (suit).

EXPLANATION:
In the previous line it was stated that if nn skinah or tanwn appear
before any of the letters of ,` , , idghm would be made with ghunnah.
However, in this line the author mentions that if the nn skinah is
followed by any one of these letters in one word, then idghm will
not be made.

In other words, idghm of nn skinah into any of the letters of ,` ,
will only take place if they appear in two separate words; the nn
skinah at the end of a word and one of the letters of ,` , at the
beginning of the next. If they appear together in one word idghm

31
Mufd al-Aqwl, pg.16
32
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
33
It appears with a kasrah on the ghain in the explanations of Al-Dabb, Muhammad
al-Mh, Hasan al-Dimashq and Dr Ashraf Talat.
34
Mufd al-Aqwl, pg.17
29
will not take place. This will only apply to the nn skinah and not to
the tanwn, due to a tanwn always appearing at the end of a word;
therefore it is impossible that a tanwn is followed by one of the
letters of ,` , in one word.

The author explains that idghm will not be made but does not
explain what application should be used in its absence. However, in
Jamzr's explanation of the Tuhfah, he states that ith-hr will be
made instead.

By : the author hints at other examples, which would follow suit.
The only other examples in the Qur`n are . , ` and . , .
35


TEXT: 12
. | ' . - ,-., ;-.; ' ' _` ' , ' | ; :| _
Even though the above text is better known and appears in most
copies, the line also appears as follows in some prints:
36


. | ' . - ,-., ;-.; ' ` ` .-_ , ,_ , ' .|

VOCABULARY:
, , . without
,, to repeat. It refers to the sifah of takrr in the r`
, ` ` ,. its code / sign / combination
. ' so know it well / master it



35
In Fath al-Aqfl Jamzr also gives the example of ., ` , which does not appear in the
Qur`n, possibly indicating that even in the Arabic language in general idghm does
not take place in these cases. Allah knows best.
36
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
30
TRANSLATION:
12. And the second (type) is idghm without ghunnah in lm and r`,
then observe takrr (of the r`) / and its code is , , , so know it.

EXPLANATION:
In line ten, the author mentions that the six letters of . , , , is divided
into two types: idghm with ghunnah and idghm without ghunnah. In
this line, the second type is explained, i.e. idghm without ghunnah. It
will take place in the lm and r` ( , ,).

He also states that takrr should be observed in the r`. This does not
mean that takrr should be made apparent and clear, but that it
should be hidden. The author mentions this because, due to the
idghm being made into the r`, it becomes mushaddad (doubled) and
carries more chance of the takrr becoming apparent.
37


In the second print the author mentions an easy way for us to
remember the letters of idghm without ghunnah via the code of , , .

TEXT: 13
.| | | .- ` =:|, , ' -, _- ' ` -., ,-

VOCABULARY:
. the third
` : - iqlb literally means to change something.
by
_ - with
. - - ikhf` literally means to hide and conceal.


37
Fath al-Aqfl, pg.16
31
TRANSLATION:
13. And the third (rule) is iqlb (changing the nn skinah or tanwn)
by the b` to a mm, applying ghunnah with ikhf`.

EXPLANATION:
The third rule regarding the nn skinah and tanwn is iqlb, which
takes place when the nn skinah or tanwn is followed by a b`.

The author outlines three applications in this verse. Firstly, iqlb,
which is the changing of the nn skinah or the tanwn into a mm.
Secondly, that it will be read with ghunnah, and thirdly, making
ikhf` (concealing) of the mm skinah. Only with all these three
applications is the rule of iqlb read correctly.

TEXT: 14
` _,' | =| .- -, ' =| .- =` ` | -

VOCABULARY:
` _ , the fourth
. (first of the two mentioned above) left over, remaining
from, of
,` ,` - letters, plural of , - .
. - , obligatory, compulsory
, for
. (second) the distinguished i.e. one who has excelled or is
superior in tajwd. It is read exactly the same as previously, but in
this context its meaning will differ from the first.

TRANSLATION:
14. And the fourth (rule) is ikhf` by the remaining letters, which is
compulsory on the distinguished.

32
EXPLANATION:
The fourth rule is ikhf`, which takes place if the nn skinah or tanwn
meets any of the remaining letters i.e. excluding the six letters of the
throat in which ith-hr is made, the six letters of idghm and the b` of
iqlb.

In the following two lines the author mentions the remaining letters.

TEXT: 15
- .- _ ` -_ .- .-, ' ,` ' = .| .,,| . , _

VOCABULARY:
- five
, ten
` , , its code / combination (to remember the remaining letters)
, from which means words. Here it refers particularly to
the first letter at the beginning of the words (in the following line). It
can be read with a fathah on the kf or a kasrah.
. , line, verse (of poetry)
,` . I have gathered it (the combination of these 15 remaining
letters)

TRANSLATION:
15. In five after ten (fifteen letters), its combination in (the initial
letters of) the words of this (following) line I have indeed gathered it
(these letters).

EXPLANATION:
The author explains that he has gathered the remaining fifteen letters
of ikhf` in the initial letters of the following line. Thus, if a student
has memorised the following line, then he has knowledge of all
fifteen letters of ikhf`.
33
TEXT: 16
= .| = .- , . .= ' _= _` _ ._ , , ;` . |

VOCABULARY:
. . describe
holder, possessor
- praise
, how (in asking a question)
- good
- a person
high, elevated. Here it refers to a person of eminence.
` always
, ~ good
, increase
` piety (Allah consciousness)
_ . leave
~ oppressor, wrongdoer

TRANSLATION:
16. Describe the possessor of praise (he who truly deserves praise).
How generous is a person who has attained status? Always be good.
Increase in piety. Leave an oppressor.

EXPLANATION:
To start with, the verse bears meaning and gives advice. However,
the object is that the initial letters, at the beginning of each word,
constitute the letters of ikhf`. The of . . , the of , the of
etc.


34
` ;-| ,.' ..` | .,' | ,,|
THE RULES OF MM AND NN MUSHADDADATAIN

TEXT: 17
. .` = ,` ' , ,- ' - ' ., ' - =- : ,=

VOCABULARY:
make / apply ghunnah
` when they (nn and mm) have a shaddah
, - name
: all / each one
, - letter
clear / apparent

TRANSLATION:
17. And apply ghunnah to mm, then the nn whenever they have a
shaddah, and name each (of them; the nn and the mm) a letter of
ghunnah (which is) clear.

EXPLANATION:
When the nn or the mm are mushaddad then the ghunnah in both of
them should be read clearly.

Due to the ghunnah being so apparent in these letters, each one of
them will be called a letter of ghunnah.







35
' .| ,,| ` ;-|
THE RULES OF MM SKINAH

TEXT: 18
,| ,| _ . .; ` ,,| ' | .| ,| .|| v

VOCABULARY:
- to come. It was originally . - , but the hamzah at the end of the
word is dropped to keep the rhyme scheme. In some prints it
appears with the hamzah. Both are allowed, though preference is
given to the first since most copies appear without it.
38

- , the alphabet i.e. the letters of the alphabet. The hamzah at the
end has also been dropped. It was originally . - ,
. not / excluding / except
, . ' soft alif, referring to the alif of madd
- - intellect, brains, understanding

TRANSLATION:
18. And the mm when it has a sukn, coming before the (letters of
the) alphabet, excluding the soft alif for the possessor of intellect.

EXPLANATION:
The rules applicable to the mm skinah will be based on the letter of
the alphabet that follows the mm skinah. Therefore, before the
author actually starts explaining the rules, he states that the mm
skinah can appear before all the letters of the alphabet, except the
alif. The person who possesses a little understanding will know that
two skin letters do not come together in the Arabic language except

38
All copies appear without the hamzah except for the copy of Sheikh Muhammad
Atq Deoband. Dr Ashraf Talat mentions both, giving preference to reading it
without the hamzah.
36
during waqf, when it is allowed. Thus, a mm which is skin will
never be followed by an alif because the alif is always skin.

TEXT: 19
=,= | : ,` --| ' = _,; ;-. -;

VOCABULARY:
,` - ' its rules
: three
for him
= . precision
= only

TRANSLATION:
19. Its (the mms) rules are three for him (who wants) precision:
ikhf`, idghm and ith-hr only.

EXPLANATION:
In this line the author mentions that there are three rules for the mm
skinah: ikhf`, idghm and ith-hr.

In the next line, he embarks on an explanation of these three rules.

TEXT: 20
,' v ,| .- -, ' ' .| ' ,' .| =

VOCABULARY:
name it i.e. the ikhf` of mm skinah
, labial i.e. coming from the lips
., . according to the qurr` (reciters/readers)

37
TRANSLATION:
20. So the first (rule) is ikhf`, (when the mm skinah appears) by the
b`. And name it (this ikhf`) labial according to all the qurr`.

EXPLANATION:
The first rule of the mm skinah is ikhf`. It will take place if the mm
skinah comes before a b`. The ikhf` of mm skinah is called ikhf`
shafaw or the labial ikhf` because the mm skinah is pronounced
from the lips, and the application of ikhf`(concealing-of the mm)
will therefore also take place in the lips.

This rule will be applied by all the qurr`.

In some copies, instead of . there comes . , the latter being
mentioned by Jamzr himself. Sheikh Muhammad Atq Deoband
seems to agree, citing the latter in the core text and mentioning the
first in the footnote. Most copies seems to give preference to the first,
including Dabb, Muhammad Mh and Dr Ashraf Talat.

TEXT: 21
. | -.; _.| ,, ; ' _. , ,-= --.; ,=

VOCABULARY:
, the same like it, its equivalent i.e. another mm
. ' appears, comes
, , . , small idghm or minor idghm
, oh, used when calling someone
. young boy, lad. It refers to the student who is a beginner

TRANSLATION:
21. And the second (rule) is idghm with its equivalent (another mm)
appearing. And name it (this idghm) idghm saghr Oh student.

38
EXPLANATION:
The second rule the author explains is idghm of the mm skinah. It
wil take place when the mm skinah is followed by another mm
( , ). The first mm is assimilated into the second mm, and is read
as one mm which is mushaddad.

TEXT: 22
.| | ` _,, ' ,,| _ ' ' ,,= , = =` -| -

VOCABULARY:
, remaining, left over
, name it i.e. this ith-hr if mm skinah
, , - labial i.e. coming from the lips

TRANSLATION:
22. And the third (rule) is ith-hr in the remainder of the letters. And
name it (this ith-hr) labial.

EXPLANATION:
The third and last rule explained to us by the author is ith-hr. It will
take place when the mm skinah is followed by any of the remaining
letters (excluding the b` of ikhf`, the mm of idghm and the alif) of
the alphabet. The mm will then be read with ith-hr i.e. clearly
without any extra nasal pull.

This ith-hr is called ith-hr shafaw or the labial ith-hr because the
mm skinah is pronounced from the lips, and the application of ith-
hr (reading of the mm clearly) will therefore also take place in the
lips.

TEXT: 23
_. .| ,.| _.- ' =.- . v ,, |

39
VOCABULARY:
, - beware, be careful
, by, at
. - to conceal, hide
, , due to its nearness
- oneness, unity, unison, agreement
,. so know, be aware, take head (of this)

TRANSLATION:
23. Be careful at a ww and a f` that it (the mm) be hidden due to its
nearness (to the f` in makhraj) and unity (in makhraj with the ww),
so know this.

EXPLANATION:
After the explanation all three rules of mm skinah, the author
mentions that heed should be taken when the mm skinah is
followed by a f` or a ww. If mm skinah is followed by either of
these two letters, ith-hr will take place i.e. the mm should be read
clearly. However, due to the mm being so close to the f` in makhraj,
and sharing the same makhraj with ww, the application of ith-hr
tends to be incomplete; thus rendering the mm to be somewhat
hidden, instead of clear. Extra care should therefore be taken that ith-
hr be made properly when mm skinah is followed by a f` or a ww.

Jamzr mentions that it would be correct to read the f` in the text
with a tanwn also i.e. , .
39


- . , appears in some texts as - . , , with a tanwn and a lm
maksrah instead of lm al-tarf. The meaning in both cases remains
unchanged.
40


39
Fath al-Aqfl, pg.21
40
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
40
;v ` ,` - , , , -| ;v
THE RULING OF LM OF ) ( AND
LM OF THE VERB

In this chapter the author discusses two types of lms; the lm al-tarf
(definite article) and the lm which appears in a verb. The lm al-tarf
is used to make an indefinite word definite e.g. , (a pen) and ` ,
(the pen), or , ,` (a light) and ` , , (the light). The words , and , ,` are
indefinite since they refer to any pen or any light. By adding the lm
al-tarf , , , the words become definite in that they now refer to a
particular pen or light.

The second lm the author discusses is the lm skinah which appears
in a verb, whether the verb is past tense (md) e.g. , ' , present /
future tense (mudri) e.g. . , or an imperative command (amr) e.g.
. ' , .

The author discusses these lms particularly in regard to whether ith-
hr be made in them or idghm.

TEXT: 24
;:| , , , =` -v ,| .v- ' ` v | =- ` _,;

VOCABULARY:
. . - two conditions
` . , ' the first of the two
` , , ~ , the ith-hr of it (the lm)
, - so know (this rule of ith-hr of the lm). Most copies mention
it like this. However, it can also be read as , ` , . Its meaning would
41
then be: Let this (rule of ith-hr of the lm) be known.
41
It could also
be read as , `
42
i.e Let this (type of) lm be known (lm of ith-hr).

TRANSLATION:
24. For the lm of al there are two conditions before the letters (of the
alphabet). The first of the two is the ith-hr of it (the lm), so know
this.

EXPLANATION:
The author begins by explaining lm al-tarf, stating that it cannot be
void of one of two conditions when appearing before the letters of
the alphabet. The first of the two conditions is ith-hr, where the lm
should be read clearly.

In the following line the author mentions all the letters of the
alphabet which, if preceded by a lm al-tarf, require ith-hr to be
made.

TEXT:
43
25
` - .` - .- _- _,_ ,| ' - , ` ,- .- c' - _,| ,

VOCABULARY:
, _ _ , four with ten i.e. fourteen

41
Appears like this in the copy of Muhammad Mh, pg.11. Also refer to: Manthmah
Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.7
42
Copy of Sheikh Muhammad Atq Deoband
43
This line is mentioned differently in all the copies of the Tuhfah before me. Jamzri
has it as: _ _ ' and _ . Muhammad Mh states: _ _ and _ ' . Dabb has:
_ _ ' and _ ' . Dr Ashraf Talat writes: _ _ and _ , . In Minnah al-Mutal it
appears as: _ _ and _ (with a kasrah on the nn). Hasan al-Dimashq and Qri`
Muhammad Husain states: _ _ and _ (with a fathah on the nn). Sheikh
Muhammad Atq Deoband mentions: _ _ ' and _ .
42
` its knowledge (of the fourteen letters, where ith-hr will be
made)
_ ' desire, wishful
.- - your hajj (pilgrimage)
. - - fear
` , it will be fruitless, unproductive, barren

TRANSLATION:
25. Before four with ten (fourteen letters). Take its knowledge from
(the words): ` , . - , .- - _ ' (Be desirous of your pilgrimage and
fear that it be barren).

EXPLANATION:
In this line the author mentions fourteen letters by which ith-hr of
the lm al-tarf will be made. If any of these letters appear after the
lm al-tarf, then it will be read clearly (ith-hr). To remember these
letters the student needs simply to memorise the combination of
words: - _ ' ` , . - , .- .

TEXT: 26
,, _,_| _ ,` --.; ' _. -_ =,| .-

VOCABULARY:
, , the second of the two (conditions)
,` , - idghm of it (the lm al-tarf)
, , _ , ' four and ten i.e. fourteen
. , ' also
, , its combination/code
_ comes from , , which means to memorise/remember
43
_. ` , , , appears with a dammah on the zy ( ` , ) in the copy of
Jamzr. The translation would be: and its combination, so memorise
(it). Certain prints has it with a fathah on the zy ( , ). The translation
would then be: so memorise its combination.

TRANSLATION:
26. The second of the two (conditions) is the idghm of it (the lm al-
tarf) in four and ten (fourteen letters) also, so memorise its
combination:

EXPLANATION:
After explaining the first condition, the author begins expounding
upon the second condition, which is idghm. Like ith-hr, idghm will
also take place if the lm al-tarf is followed by fourteen letters. The
combination to remember these fourteen letters are in the initial
letters of the words in the following line (similar to the letters of
ikhf`):

TEXT: 27
,- . .= -_ = ' , . ' _` _ ,` = _. ;| ,=

VOCABULARY:
. ~ be good
. join ties (family relations)
- , family, relations
, success
. . be hospitable, good host
, possessor of favors/bounties
_ leave, shun
. ,` bad, evil
~ thought
44
,` , visit
, , distinguished, illustrious
, for honour, generosity

TRANSLATION:
27. Be good, then join (family) ties and you will be successful. Be
hospitable to the possessor of bounties. Shun evil thought. Visit the
distinguished for generosity.

EXPLANATION:
This line gathers all fourteen letters into which idghm of the lm al-
tarf will be made. If the student learns it, he will easily retain them,
knowing that if any of these letters follow the lm al-tarf, then
idghm will be made; the lm will be assimilated into the letter
following it.

Even though the line contains sound advice, the object is not the
meaning, rather it provides a means of learning all the fourteen
letters of idghm.

The student should note that the alif is not mentioned in any of the
two combinations. This is because the alif will never follow the lm
al-tarf since both the alif and the lm are skin.
44


Some prints have -` , (with a dammah on the r`). Dr Ashraf Talat
has given preference to the first even though the latter could be
allowed.
45


TEXT: 28
, = _| v ; :| ' ,| ' , = ,- v ; :| ' ,.=

44
Refer to the explanation offered in verse 18
45
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
45
VOCABULARY:
, . the first
, , lunar (referring to the moon)
, , - . the second
, solar ( referring to the sun)

TRANSLATION:
28. And the first lm, name it qamariyyah (lm al-qamariyyah the
lunar lm), and the second lm, name it shamsiyyah (lm al-shamsiyyah
the solar lm).

EXPLANATION:
The first lm, which is read with ith-hr, is called lm al-qamariyyah
because in the word , , the lm is read with ith-hr. The second
lm, which is read with idghm, is called lm al-shamsiyyah because in
, the lm is read with idghm.

Most copies mention the mms of : , with a fathah. Muhammad
Atq Deoband has both mms with a dammah.

TEXT: 29
.=` - .- ;v ..,| ' , _ _| | ,- |

VOCABULARY:
. ,. , ~ ' be sure to make clear, most certainly make clear
. . the lm of the verb
. ` generally
, - in for example



46
TRANSLATION:
29. Be sure to make clear the lm of the verb in general, in for
example: , and and .

EXPLANATION:
After explaining the rules regarding lm al-tarf, the author starts
mentioning the rules of the lm of the verb; stating that in general it
is read with ith-hr.

The reason for explicitly mentioning this rule is because some might
compare the lm of the verb to the lm al-tarf; in that when it is
followed by a nn, idghm is made e.g. , - , . Therefore, if the lm of
the verb is followed by a nn, idghm should also be made. The same
will apply to the example of , where the lm is read with ith-hr,
but when the lm al-tarf is followed by a t`, idghm takes place e.g.
, , . Due to this, the author specifically mentions this rule
concerning the lm of the verb for the beginner so that he doesnt
make this comparison, resulting in making idghm where it is not
allowed.














47
,.` | ,,_` | ,| _
THE CHAPTER ON MITHLAIN, MUTAJNISAIN AND
MUTAQRIBAIN

This chapter deals with the relationship between two letters meeting.
They will either be close to each other (have a lot in common share
the same makhrij and/or sift) or be distant from each other (not
have a lot in common and not share the same makhrij and/or sifat).

The closeness between two letters is measured via their makhrij and
sift
46
, and has three basic levels:
1) Mithlain
47
(this is the strongest/closest relationship any two letters
can have)
2) Mutajnisain (this is a very strong/close relationship but is not as
strong as number one)
3) Mutaqribain (is a close relationship but it is weaker than the above
two)

If the relationship between two letters is established as being close
i.e. if any one of the above three relationships can be proven, then it
will be a cause (sabab) for idghm. Therefore the closer the letters, the
stronger the reason to make idghm. On the other hand, if none of the
above three relationships can be established, the two letters will be
considered distant ( ` ) from each other and will be read with ith-hr.

In the following lines Jamzr defines mithlain, mutajnisain and
mutaqribain:




46
This chapter assumes that the student has prior knowledge concerning makhrij and
sift. A student who has not yet studied makhrij and sift will not be able to fully
understand this chapter.
47
Also called mutamthilain
48
TEXT: 30
' __| = =| _ .; ' -| ,, .:| .-

VOCABULARY:
agree
. , - two letters
. : then (the two letters) will be mithlain
, , in the two letters
- ' more rightful, more befitting

TRANSLATION:
30. If in sift and makhrij two letters agree, then it is more befitting
that they (the two letters) be mithlain.

EXPLANATION:
In this line the author defines mithlain: two letters which agree in
makhraj and sift. Thus any two letters which are pronounced from
the same makhraj and share matching sift are mithlain
(identical/equivalent) e.g. the two mms in ,` , and . , , -, or the
two b`s in . , . and . .

As can be seen in the above examples that any two identical letters
are in fact mithlain.

TEXT: 31
,_ -- , , .; ' , ` , - = =| _
. ,,_` -

VOCABULARY:
, , . , if they (the two letters) are
49
- , - in makhraj
, they (the two letters) are close
- they (the two letters) differ
` , they (they two letters) are named
, , ` appears in some prints as , , ` .
48


TRANSLATION:
31. And if they (the two letters) are close in makhraj, and in sift they
differ, then they are called mutaqribain.

EXPLANATION:
In this line the author explains what mutaqribain is. Any two letters
which are close in makhraj and have different sift would be
considered mutaqribain e.g. the lm and r` in , and , , or the
qf and kf in , - , ' or . - , .

In the first two examples, the lm and r` are close in makhraj since
they are only separated by the nn, and the r` is different to the lm
in sift due to it having takrr. In the second example, the qf is close
to the kf because they are both pronounced from the back portion of
the tongue, and are different in sift due to the qf having jahr, istil`
and qalqalah, which the kf does not have.

TEXT: 32
.' ., , | . ,,_` - ' ` - = =| .` . _- _
.,.` |,

VOCABULARY:
, ' or

48
Manthmah Tuhfah al-`Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
50
. they (the two letters) agree
. ,` but not
` - they (the two letters) are confirmed. Can also be read as - ,
meaning, confirm them (being an imperative command).
49

, - ` - as mutajnisain (homogeneous)

TRANSLATION:
32. Or they (the two letters) agree in makhraj but not in sift, then they
are confirmed/confirm them as mutajnisain.

EXPLANATION:
If the two letters have the same makhraj but they differ in sift, they
will be mutajnisain e.g. the t` and the t` in
~ . , and , ~ - . or the b` and the mm in . , and
. , ` ` , , .

In the first two examples, the t` and the t` come from the same
makhraj but the have different sift due to the t` having shiddah, jahr,
istil`, itbq and qalqalah, whereas the t` will only share shiddah with
the t`. In the latter two examples, the b` and the mm have the same
makhraj but different sift since the b` has jahr, shiddah and qalqalah,
whereas the mm will have hams, tawassut and no qalaqalah.

TEXT: 33
= .; ' , .,.` |, ' , = ,-' =| ,' |

VOCABULARY:
,, ' first
of each/all (the previously mentioned groups-mithlain,
mutajnisain and mutaqribain)

49
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
51
, , . then small/minor
, be sure to name it

TRANSLATION:
33. Then if the first of each (of the above-mentioned groups) has a
sukn, then be sure to name it minor (idghm).

EXPLANATION:
After explaining what mithlain, mutajnisain and mutaqribain is, the
author divides all three groups into two types: saghr (minor) and
kabr (major). In this line he explains the saghr; if in any of the above
groups the first letter is skin then it will be saghr.

In light of the above examples it will be the two mms in ,` ,
50
, the
two b`s in , . . , the lm and the r` in , , the qf and the kf
in , ' , - , the t` and t` in , . ~ and the the b` and the mm
in . , .

In the next line he explains kabr:

TEXT: 34
_ .| ` - | ' ` |, ` , ,,

VOCABULARY:
,` - have a harakah
. , - two letters
then say
, , big/major
` , understand this

50
Refer to line 21 where Jamzr also makes reference to idghm saghr.
52
` with examples

TRANSLATION:
34. Or the two letters have a harakah in each (of these three groups),
then say all (of them) are major (idghm) and understand it with
examples.

EXPLANATION:
If in any of the three groups, mithlain, mutajnisain or mutaqribain
both letters have harakt, then they will be kabr.

In light of the above examples, it would be the two mms in . , , -,
, the two b`s in . , the lm and the r` in , , , the qf and
the kf in . - , , the t` and the t` in , ~ - . , and the b`
and the mm in . , ` ` , , .

The summary of the last two lines is: if the first letter is skin and
idghm takes place in any of the above groups, it will be idghm
saghr. If both letters are mutaharrik and idghm takes place, then it
will be idghm kabr.

As the author suggests, it should be understood with examples.
Sufficient examples have been given to make the student understand
this section.











53
.| ` ;.||
THE TYPES OF MADD

TEXT: 35
` | _- _=| ' .' ' ,` ' ,-,, v' | ,=

VOCABULARY:
' the pulling, extending, lengthening (of sound)
. ' primary
, secondary
` for it i.e. for the madd
., ' the first
', , ~ - natural
,` , and it (the primary madd)

TRANSLATION:
35. And the madd is (either) primary or secondary to it, and name the
first a natural (madd) and it is. . .

EXPLANATION:
Madd literally means to lengthen or extend. Technically, it means to
lengthen the sound in the letters of madd or the letters of ln.

In the first line the author states that madd is of two types: primary
( . ') and secondary ( , ). He also mentions that madd asl is also
called madd tab. Tab means natural. It is named so because a
54
person with a natural disposition will ordinarily lengthen this madd
without any deficiency in its duration, nor any exaggeration in it.
51

The duration of madd tab is one alif or two harakt. Considering
classical and contemporary works, it is sometimes difficult for the
beginner to understand this duration when different technical terms
are used by different authors. The following table is an attempt to
simplify them:








In the right column, second line from the bottom, the letter which is
read is represented by a b`. Above the letter is the length of madd
counted in harakt and below it, its length counted in alifs. At the
same time, though, every two harakt equal one alif (counted in the
first line).

The duration of qasr would be 1 alif, which would be equal to 2
harakt: the first harakah on the letter itself and the second would be
the same amount of time it took to pronounce the letter of madd.
52


Thus it would also be correct to say that the duration of tl is 6
harakt, 3 harakt or 5 alifs since they all are one and the same
duration, only differing in terms of the counting system being used.
53


51
Sheikhah Kareema Carol Czerepinski explains it as follows: It is called (natural)
because the person with a natural measure will not increase its measure nor decrease
it. Tajweed rules of the Qur`an, Part 1, pg. 65
52
Nihyah al-Qoul al-Mufd, pg.134. Thaghr al-Bsim, pg.46
53
When discussing the duration of the madd, classical works like the Nashr of Ibn al-
Jazar tend to use alifs whereas contemporary works use harakt and also convert these
harakt to alifs. The student should understand that even though different counting
systems are used, the same durations are intended by the authors.
Alifs 3 alifs 2 alifs 1 alif
6 5 4 3 2 1 Harakt




Alifs
5 4 3 2 1
-
55

The duration between qasr and tl is known as tawassut.

In the next line the author goes on to explain what madd tab is.

TEXT: 36
.,= _- ` | .|, v - ' , v .` ` =` ` | ` .

VOCABULARY:
that which
. is not, does not
. , depend
. cause
,` without it (the madd-pull)
. -` cannot be brought forth i.e. cannot be read

TRANSLATION:
36. That which has no dependence on a cause, and without it (the
madd-pull), these letters cannot be brought forth (cannot be read)

EXPLANATION:
Madd tab is that madd which does not depend on any cause/reason
for it to be pulled. In reality, without lengthening the sound in the
letters of madd, they cannot be read. For instance, if the alif is not
pulled in , , then it will be read as . The only time when the alif
can be read is if the sound is pulled in it. The same will apply to the
y` in , and the ww in , , , i.e. they can only be read if a pull (madd)
is made in them.

TEXT: 37
., ` = | ,- =- ' | , ' ., , ' _-,, =| .- .-, -
56

VOCABULARY:
but, rather, in fact
' whichever, any
, , besides, other than. Can be read with a fathah or a kasrah on the
r`.
54

, a hamzah (the letter)
- comes, appears

TRANSLATION:
37. In fact, (if) any letter besides the hamzah or sukn appears after a
(letter of) madd, then the natural (madd) results.

EXPLANATION:
In the previous line the author explains that madd tab is that madd
which is not dependent on a cause. In this line he alludes to what
those causes are: the hamzah and sukn. Thus, as long as a letter of
madd is not followed by a reason (hamzah or sukn) then it will be
madd tab.

The word , can be read with a fathah or a dammah.

TEXT: 38
_- =, |,- ' _-| ` -v ' :.` - ., ` = | , .,=

VOCABULARY:
` , -. the other (madd)
, , dependent
- like

54
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
57
: - ` in general

TRANSLATION:
38. And the other (madd) is the secondary, (which is) dependant on a
reason like a hamzah or sukn in general (wherever it appears in the
Qur`n).

EXPLANATION:
After explaining what madd tab is, madd far is elaborated upon.
Technically, it is that madd, which is pulled longer than the madd
tab due to a cause i.e. when the letter of madd is followed by a
hamzah or (letter with) a sukn.

By : - ` the author indicates that throughout the Qur`n, wherever
the letter of madd is followed by a hamzah or sukn (a cause), then
madd far takes place.

The duration of madd far will depend on what type of madd far it is.
If the letter of madd is followed by a hamzah, it will either be in the
same word as the letter of madd or a different word. The first would
be muttasil and the latter, munfasil. If the letter of madd is followed by
a sukn, it is either permanent or temporary. The first is called lzim
and the latter rid. Their durations will be discussed in the next
chapter in more detail.

TEXT: 39
,,-. .:. ` ` ` - ' =| - , , ,,-,` _ _

VOCABULARY:
, , . so grasp/memorise/remember them (the letters of madd)
= word
58
, the word is originally , ' , , which means to promise. The
hamzah is changed to and alif, thus becoming a combination which
holds all the letters of madd.
55

, and they (these letters of madd)
, , - ,` an example in which all the letters of madd can be found

TRANSLATION:
39. Its (the madds) letters are three, so remember them from the word
, , and they are (found) in (the example) , , - ,` .

EXPLANATION:
In the next three lines Jamzr explains the letters of madd. They are
three which can easily be remembered in the combination , ; ww,
alif and y`.

He also presents an example which holds all three letters of madd,
, , - ,` . It is important to note how these letters of madd appear in this
example; they are all skin, and are preceded by a harakah which
conforms/agrees with the letter of madd i.e. a dammah before a ww, a
kasrah before a y`, and a fathah before an alif. He explains this further
in the next line.

TEXT: 40
,= ,| ,| .,| ,| ` .| ' .== ;` , .|| ,| _

VOCABULARY:
` , the kasrah
, . a dammah
= , condition, requirement, prerequisite

55
Minhah dh al-Jall, pg. 92
59
_ fathah
. ' an alif
, ` , necessary

TRANSLATION:
40. And a kasrah before the y`, and before the ww a dammah is a
requirement, and a fathah before the alif is necessary.

EXPLANATION:
The requirements for the letters of madd are explained in this line.
The ww should be preceded by a dammah and the y` should be
preceded by a kasrah. An important point which is not explicitly
explained in the text but is alluded to by the author in the example
, , - ,` , is that they should also be skin.

Therefore, if the ww and y` are not skin, they will not be letters of
madd e.g. ` , ,` , . In this example they are mutaharrikah.

And if they are skin but preceded by a fathah, then too, they wont
be letters of madd but instead letters of ln e.g. . , . , . This is
further explained in the next line.

An alif will always be preceded by a fathah, therefore he states that a
fathah appearing before an alif is necessary. An alif is always
considered as skin even though the sukn is not written on it.

TEXT: 41
` = ,| ,- ` , | ' - | ,| _ .;

VOCABULARY:
` , (the letters of) ln
, from them (these letters; the alif, ww and y`)
60
` the two (ww and y`) are skin. Can also be read as .
56

. , when
_ openness, referring to a fathah
each of them, all (of them)i.e. the ww and the y`
' is announced

TRANSLATION:
41. And ln from them (these three letters) is the y` and ww,
carrying a sukn, if a fathah before each is announced.

EXPLANATION:
If there is a fathah before the ww skinah or y` skinah then they will
be letters of ln and not letters of madd.



















56
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8

61
.| ` ;-|
THE RULINGS OF THE MADD

Before starting this chapter the student should be familiar with the
different types of madd far as the focus of this chapter is the rulings
regarding them and not explaining what they are.

TEXT: 42
;` . .: ;-| .| ' ;` | ` _,| ` =,` -` ,| _

VOCABULARY:
for the madd
- ' - rulings
,` always, stemming from
` ,` -` , compulsory
` , , - permissible
,` , necessary

TRANSLATION:
42. For the madd there are always three rules, they are: wujb
(compulsory), jawz (permissible) and luzm (necessary).

EXPLANATION:
There are always three rulings, which are attached to the different
types of madd far; those which are compulsory (wjib) to make,
those which are permissible (j`iz) to make, and those which are
necessary (lzim) to make.

In the following lines the author outlines the various madd far
individually, and the ruling it will fall under.


62
TEXT: 43
.- .-, - .; .-, ' .-` , =' ` , . _

VOCABULARY:
. - , So wjib
literally means pull, however, here it refers to a letter of madd.
a word. Can be read with a fathah or kasrah on the kf.
short for which means this.
.` as muttasil (the joined madd).
` , counted as i.e. considered as

TRANSLATION:
43. So (it is) compulsory if a hamzah appears after a (letter of) madd in
one word. And this (madd) is counted as muttasil.

EXPLANATION:
The hukm of madd muttasil is that it is wjib; compulsory to pull,
according to all the qurr`. The qurr` do however have differences of
opinion as to how long the madd should be pulled. According to the
narration of Hafs via the tarq
57
of the Shtibiyyah, it should be pulled
4 or 5 harakt.

He also defines madd muttasil: when the letter of madd is followed by
a hamzah in the same word.

TEXT: 44
.- - = .; =| ' =` | . ,

VOCABULARY:
, - permissible, allowed

57
To understand what a tarq is, refer to Isnd al-Jazar al-Imm by Saleem Gaibie.
63
, . , pull (madd) or shorten (qasr)
. separate
each i.e. the letter of madd and the hamzah
in a word
. ` munfasil (the separated madd)

TRANSLATION:
44. And it (madd) is j`iz: to pull or to shorten, if each (the letter of
madd and the hamzah) is separate in a word (of their own). And this
(madd) is munfasil.

EXPLANATION:
The author first explains that if a hukm is j`iz, madd and qasr will be
allowed in it. The definition of madd has already been given
previously. Qasr literally means to shorten. Technically, it is to read
the letter of madd or the letter of ln without any bit of extra pull in it
(only for the duration of two harakt).
58


Therefore if any madd has this hukm, the reader will be allowed to
pull it longer than two harakt or to shorten it, reading it with two
harakt only.

There are three madds that fall under this ruling. The first one, madd
munfasil, is explained in this verse. The letter of madd and the hamzah
are separated where the letter of madd appears at the end of one
word and the hamzah comes at the beginning of the next word.

Since madd munfasil is j`iz, it is allowed to be pulled for the duration
of 4 or 5 harakt in the narration of Hafs via the tarq of the
Shtibiyyah. Qasr will also be allowed in madd munfasil due to it being

58
Hidyah al-Qri`, vol.1, pg.266-277
64
j`iz. However, this will only be allowed in the narration of Hafs via
the tarq of the Tayyibah.

TEXT: 45
., ' .| - .; . - ' . | ` ,-. . .,` -

VOCABULARY:
like this (the previous hukm)
short for which means this.
, appears, presents itself. It indicates something temporary.
, due to waqf (stop)

TRANSLATION:
45. And like this, (madd will be j`iz) when the sukn is temporary
due to waqf like (in the examples) . ,` and ` , .

EXPLANATION:
If waqf is made on words like . ,` , , and . ` , then the last
letter is read with a sukn. The sukn is temporary since it only
appears during waqf. During wasl (joining), the last letter will be read
with a harakah instead.

If there is a letter of madd before the temporary sukn, then it is
known as madd rid li al-sukn (temporary madd due to a sukn) or
madd rid li al-waqf (a temporary madd due to waqf).

The author explains that the hukm regarding this madd is the same as
madd munfasil i.e. j`iz. Thus it would be allowed to make madd and
qasr in it. Qasr would be 2 harakt, whereas madd would include both
tawassut and tl.


65
TEXT: 46
. .| _- ` ,| ; . | | ' . ,., .` - ,; ,` -

VOCABULARY:
, ' or
before
short for which means this.
, substitute, replace. It can be read with a fathah on the dl and
the lm as skin ( , ) or with the dl as skin and a dammatain in the
lm (, ).
59

` - word is originally ` - , which means take

TRANSLATION:
46. Or (madd will be j`iz if) the hamzah is before the (letter of) madd.
And this (madd) is badal like ,` . and , , (so) take (them as
examples).

EXPLANATION:
This is the third madd with a hukm that is j`iz: madd badal (the
substitute madd). In madd muttasil and munfasil the hamzah comes
after the letter of madd. In madd badal however, the hamzah appears
before the letter of madd e.g. ,` ., , ,, , ' .

Badal means to substitute or replace. It is called the substitute madd
because a letter of madd is substituted for a hamzah. These words
were originally ,` ' ' , , and , ' . A letter of madd replaces the
second hamzah which is skinah in each one of these examples; thus it
substitutes the hamzah and is therefore called madd badl (the
substitute madd).

59
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
66
Since this madd is also j`iz, madd and qasr are allowed in it. Qasr will
be made according to all the qurr`, including Hafs. Madd will only
be allowed in the narration of Warsh. It will include both tawassut
and tl.

TEXT: 47
: = | ., ' .| .; ;_v ' v , .- .-, | :=

VOCABULARY:
, . necessary
: . ' regarded as original/permanent
, , : . , during waqf and wasl
. , ~ to lengthen, prolong. Technically, tl means to pull madd to the
duration of 6 harakt or 5/3 alifs.

TRANSLATION:
47. And (madd will be) lzim if the sukn is permanent (when) during
waqf and wasl after the letter of madd, tl is made (in it).

EXPLANATION:
Since the hukm of this madd is lzim, the madd has also been named
lzim. Its duration is tl only.

Madd lzim is when the letter of madd is followed by a permanent
sukn. A permanent sukn is that sukn which remains during wasl
or waqf e.g. ,- .,, . During waqf and wasl, the f` of ) ( will
have a sukn.







67
;_ :| .| ` ;.||
THE TYPES OF MADD LZIM

In the previous line the author explains what madd lzim is. In this
chapter he expounds upon the different types of madd lzim.

TEXT: 48
v ` ;.|| -,_| ,,,.| ;_ ' -- _- _ c

VOCABULARY:
` ' types
, . - referring to madd lzim
, , , according to them i.e. according to the qurr`
. - it is (the types of madd lzim)
- stems from the word which means word. Can be read
with a fathah or kasrah on the kf.
, - stems from the word , - which means letter
with it i.e. with

TRANSLATION:
48. The types of lzim according to them (the qurr`) are four; and it is
. with it arf h and kilm

EXPLANATION:
Madd lzim is divided into four types. Initially they are of two types:
. arf h and kilm

. is later arf h and kilm The author will explain what

TEXT: 49
` - . ` - ` : ' ., ' =` -,_|
68

VOCABULARY:
` : - both of them (kilm and harf)
. -` stems from . , - which means light
` stems from , which means heavy
. ` will be explained

TRANSLATION:
49. Both of them (kilm and harf) are mukhaffaf and muthaqqal, so these
four (types of lzim) will be explained.

EXPLANATION:
In the first line the author explains that madd lzim is divided into
kilm and harf.

In this line he states that kilm and harf are further subdivided into
mukhaffaf and muthaqqal. In this manner lzim has four types as
illustrated in the diagram below:















In the next three lines the author explains what kilm, harf, mukhaffaf
and muthaqqal are.

Madd Lzim
Kilm Harf
Mukhaffaf Muthaqqal Mukhaffaf Muthaqqal
69
TEXT: 50
` = , ., _.- ., ' _| _ ,, .- =- _-

VOCABULARY:
. , so when
in a word
_ . - joins, meets, comes together
, - a letter of madd
, , then it is
_ , occurred, taken place

TRANSLATION:
50. So when, in a (single) word, a sukn meets a letter of madd, then it
is kilm that has occurred.

EXPLANATION:
In this line the author outlines what kilm is: if a letter of madd is
followed by a sukn in one word then kilm has taken place. It is
obvious that the sukn being spoken about is a permanent sukn or
else it will not be lzim e.g. . . . ,- -` '.

TEXT: 51
.-` =` ` | _: _ | ' ., _ ` == ' .|

VOCABULARY:
: tripled letters, trilateral letters i.e. consisting of three letters
,` ,` - the letters. Plural of , -. , which means the letter
-` , they are found. It is dual, referring to two things, the letter of
madd and the sukn.
the madd i.e. the letter of madd
70
` , it's centre. Can be read with a fathah or a dammah on the = .
60

clear / apparent / appeared

TRANSLATION:
51. Or in the tripled letters they (the letter of madd and the sukn) are
found, while the (letter of) madd is in its centre, then harf is clear

EXPLANATION:
What is meant by ,` ,` - in this line are the cut letters ( ` ` ,` ,` - )
which are found at the start of certain srahs in the Qur`n.

Only those hurf al-muqattat, which consist of three letters are
particularly mentioned here. Furthermore, of the three letters (in the
hurf al-muqattat), the middle letter must be a letter of madd.

Thus if in the hurf al-muqattat, the letter of madd (being the center
letter) is followed by a (permanent) sukn then it will be known as
harf e.g. . . . , . . . ,` ,

Concisely, if a letter of madd is followed by a permanent sukn, it will
be madd lzim. If it appears in a word ( ) it will be kilm and if it
appears in the hurf al-muqattat, it will be harf.

TEXT: 52
-. | .; ` - ` : ' -.` , ,| .; . ` -

VOCABULARY:
' . , if idghm takes place
each one of them (kilm and harf)
, if

60
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
71
` , , no idghm occurs
TRANSLATION:
52. Both (kilm and harf) are muthaqqal if idghm takes place.
Mukhaffaf, each one of them, if no idghm occurs.

EXPLANATION:
After explaining what kilm and harf is, the author expounds upon
what muthaqqal and mukhaffaf are.

If idghm takes place, it will be muthaqqal, in which the letter of madd
is followed by a letter which is mushaddad. Therefore it is called
muthaqqal (heavy) since a mushaddad is regarded as a "heavier" (more
difficult) pronunciation than a skin e.g. . . , . ,. , .

If no idghm takes place, then it will be mukhaffaf, in which the letter
of madd is not followed by a letter which is mushaddad. It is called
mukhaffaf (light) because a sukn is considered "lighter" (easier) to
read than a tashdd e.g. . . .

TEXT: 53
_,' .| ,' | ' _| ` ;_ :| ' = . _ ` ` .,` -`

VOCABULARY:
, - ` , : referring to the madd lzim harf
, , plural of srah; chapter of the Qur`n
, , ,, ' the start / beginning of the srahs
` ` ,` -` , its presence, is found
. eight
, . - confined / limited



72
TRANSLATION:
53. And lzim harf is found at the beginning of the srahs, and
confined to eight letters.
EXPLANATION:
As mentioned previously, harf refers to the hurf al-muqattat. In
this line the author states that they are only found at the beginning of
(certain) srahs.

Lzim harf would include both mukhaffaf and muthaqqal.

Thereafter he mentions that lzim harf is only found in eight letters.
In the following line he explains further what these eight letters are.

TEXT: 54
,` -, , .- , ' , -| ,,=| ,,- . ` ,-

VOCABULARY:
,` - , gathers it/them (the eight letters)
, how much
honey
diminish, lessened, decreased
, how much of the honey diminished?
` , the ain at the start of Srahs Maryam and Shr
, , - , two options
, , - , , holder of two options i.e. it can be read in two ways/with
two options
- ' preferred

TRANSLATION:
54. The letters , gathers them (the eight letters) and the ain
has two options, while tl is preferred.
73



EXPLANATION:
The eight letters in which lzim harf takes place can all be found in
the code , .

The kf appears at the beginning of Srah Maryam - ,,. It will be
madd lzim mukhaffaf.

The mm appears in five different words in 17 various places: , (six
times in the Qur`n), ' , ,' , ,~ (twice in the Qur`n) and ,-
(seven times in the Qur`n). The mm will be madd lzim mukhaffaf in
all the places it appears.

The ain is found at the start of Srahs Maryam - ,, and Shr -
,- ,', . In both places it will be madd lzim mukhaffaf.

The sn presents itself in five places: ,~ (at the start of Srahs al-
Shuar` and al-Qasas), ~ , , , ,- ,', . In ,~, the sn will be
madd lzim muthaqqal. In ~, , (during wasl and waqf via the tarq of
the Shtibiyyah
61
) and in ,- ,', it will be madd lzim mukhaffaf.

The lm appears in four words in thirteen different places: , (six
times in the Qur`n), ' , ,' and , (five places in the Qur`n). In ,
it will be mukhaffaf, and in the remaining three words it will be
muthaqqal.

61
According to the tarq of the Tayyibah, idghm will be also be allowed when joining
, ,', ,, -' ., ' _ . If idghm is made it will be muthaqqal. During waqf both tarqs will
consider it as being mukhaffaf.
74

The nn appears in Srah al-Qalam: . . It will be mukhaffaf via the
tarq of the Shtibiyyah during wasl and waqf.
62


The qf is found at the beginning of Srahs al-Shr -
,- ,', and Qf - , - . , , . In both places it will be mukhaffaf.

The sd appears in three places: ' , ,, and . , , .
In all three cases it will be mukhaffaf according to the narration of
Hafs.

Tl will be made in all these madds as mentioned previously under
the statement: . , ~ , , : . , . However, in the ain there are
two options: tl and tawassut. Most qurr` explain that what is meant
by , , - , , (two options/ways) is tl and tawassut. Of the two
options, tl is preferred.

Other qurr` state that what is meant by , , - , , is qasr and tawassut.
But though qasr and tawassut are allowed, tl is preferred. This
means that instead of only tl and tawassut, qasr will also be allowed.

This is strengthened by the fact that in another copy of this poem the
author replaces , - ' , , , , , - , , ` , with - ' , , . , ,;
and (read) the ain with three (options), however, tl is preferred.
63

By . the author explicitly mentions three options in the ain: qasr,
tawassut and tl.


62
According to the tarq of the Tayyibah idghm will be also be allowed when joining
, ' _ . . If idghm is made it will be muthaqqal. During waqf both tarqs will consider it
as being mukhaffaf.
63
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8, Minhah dh al-Jall, pg.115
75
Thus, according to the first opinion, only tawassut and tl are
allowed in the ain. The second view also mentions tawassut and tl,
but adds qasr.

Via the tarq of the Shtibiyyah, tawassut and tl will be made,
whereas, only via the tarq of the Tayyibah will qasr also be allowed.

TEXT: 55
.|| v _.:| =| ,,= - ' .| | ,-,, ..- ` ' ..

VOCABULARY:
, and all
, , besides, excluding
. : , - the tripled letters
. ' . not the alif i.e. besides / excluding the alif
` . then its madd
, , ~ . the natural madd. In some prints it appears as , ~ .
Both are allowed.
64

. ' is known as

TRANSLATION:
55. And all besides the tripled letters, not (and besides) the alif, then
its madd is known to be madd tab.

EXPLANATION:
After discussing all the hurf al-muqattat, which consist of three
letters, the author intends to discuss those hurf al-muqattat which
do not consist of three letters.


64
Manthmah Tuhfah al-Atfl by Dr Ashraf Talat, pg.8
76
Thus he excludes the previously mentioned , as they are
all made up of three letters. He also excludes the alif found in , , ,
etc. This is because the alif is also made up of three letters ( . ' ), but
no madd (pull) is made in it since the middle letter is not a letter of
madd.

So besides , (in which madd lzim takes place) and the alif
(in which no madd takes place), in all the remaining hurf al-
muqattat, madd tab will be made.

In the next line he mentions what those letters are.

TEXT: 56
_,' .| _, _ =,| . ' =| _ , _- , = .|

VOCABULARY:
those, that
_ , openings i.e. beginning
, ~ - a pure and clean life
verily

TRANSLATION:
56. And those (letters) are also at the beginning of the srahs. In the
expression , ~ - they are confined.

EXPLANATION:
These madd tab, which are found at the beginning of srahs are
contained in the combination , ~ - .

77
The h` at the start of ,- . The y` from ,, and , . The t` appears
in ~ , ,~ and ~ . The h` comes in ,, and ~ . The r` can be
found in , and ,' .

The alif from the phrase , ~ - is excluded for two reasons:
1) madd tab is not made in it unlike the remaining five letters
2) no madd is possible in it due to the absence of a letter of madd
in it.
Therefore, in some prints instead of , ~ - , one would find , , ~ -
(without the alif).

From this it is possible to conclude that madd tab is of two types:
1) madd tab harf found in the hurf al-muqattat, as found in
the examples above
2) madd tab kilm found in words ( ) throughout the
Qur`n besides the hurf al-muqattat e.g. , , , , , , , .

TEXT: 57
,| ` _, .' - _,-| _ , ' c-=| - ,` = ` = , ,= .

VOCABULARY:
, _ , fourteen
, _ , _ , the fourteen openers
` . join (ties) with him
, , -` in the morning
who
. cuts/severs (ties) with you
. , , -` ` . join (ties) in the morning with him who has cut
(ties) with you
78
short for which means this.
, , is known / popular

TRANSLATION:
57. And (the words) . , , -` ` . gathers the fourteen openers;
this (phrase) is well known (by the qurr`).

EXPLANATION:
The fourteen openers refer to the fourteen letters, which are found in
the hurf al-muqattat. These fourteen letters are easily remembered
by knowing the phrase: . , , -` ` . since all fourteen letters can
be found in it.

After understanding this, it is possible to say that the hurf al-
muqattat can be divided into four different types:
1) those in which madd lzim is made, to the duration of tl - ,

2) those in which lzim is made, allowing tawassut
65
and qasr
66

also _
3) those in which madd tab is made - , , ~ -
4) those in which no madd is made - . '










65
Allowed via the tarq of the Shtibiyyah and the Tayyibah
66
Allowed via the tarq of the Tayyibah only
79
` | -
CONCLUSION OF THE TUHFAH

TEXT: 58
. ' , = ., ` ,=' | ' _ :, - _-

VOCABULARY:
, completed, ended
` , poem, text referring to this book
= - with the praise of Allah
its completion
: without
end
: without end i.e. continuous

TRANSLATION:
58. And this text is completed with the continuous praise of Allah on
its completion.

EXPLANATION:
After explaining all the rules of tajwd the author intended to explain,
he now ends off his book praising and thanking Allah for its
completion, since nothing can be accomplished except with the Will
and Might of Allah.

TEXT: 59
` ` ,.,| , ., . , _,' | .| ' ,` ,_ , ,` ` , | ,.` , ,

VOCABULARY:
` ` ,. ' its verses
80
incense, sweet or aromatic smell
clear incense
for him who has / holds
, intellect
,` - , , its date (of compilation). In some prints it appears as ` ` - , , .
There wont be much difference in the meaning.
, , ` glad tidings
for him
,` ` , knows it / perfects it
,` ` , , , ` glad tidings to him who knows it

TRANSLATION:
59. Its verses are clear incense for him who has intellect. Its
compilation is (holds) glad tidings for him who knows it.

EXPLANATION:
The author likens the knowledge in this text to sweet incense. As a
person derives enjoyment and fulfillment from sweet aromatic
smells, he will similarly benefit by grasping the knowledge of this
text.

Each letter in the Arabic alphabet carries a numerical value:

...... . =.` - _ ,. .-.. '
50 40 30 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

.. -.. ... ,.... ....
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60

_... =...
1000 900 800

81

If the numerical value of all the letters of is tallied, it reflects the
number of lines in the poem:

. + + + +
50 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 1 = 61 (lines in the poem)

If the values in ,` ` , , , ` are added, it results in the date of
compilation of this poem:

+ + , + , + , + + . + + + + . + . +
2 + 300 +200+ 10 + 30 +40 +50 + 10 +400 +100 +50 + 5 + 1
=1198 A.H

In some prints this line is the last verse of the poem.

TEXT: 60
.,| ` ;:' .| :' =| ' , ' .-| ,,v ;- _-

VOCABULARY:
:. salutations
` : peace
- seal (final)
. . , plural of . which means prophet
- ' another name for the beloved messenger Muhammad .

TRANSLATION:
60. Then salutations and peace always upon the seal of the Prophets,
Ahmad.

TEXT: 61
, .' =| ,v _ ' _-= ,_|
82

VOCABULARY:
,. the family
. -. the companions
_ follower
, , reciter / reader
_ listener

TRANSLATION:
61. (As well as) the family (of the Prophet), the companions, and
every follower, and every reader (of the Quran) and every listener
(of the Quran).



=========================

This explanation of the Tuhfah was completed only through the Will
of Allah, the Almighty. I thank Him incessantly for the bounties He
has bestowed upon me and humbly request that He increases me in
knowledge and accepts this humble effort of mine in the serving His
dn. I also beseech Him to shower His Mercy and Blessings upon my
teachers, friends, family, and students. May Allah forgive my
parents, and continue to guide me. mn.











83
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84
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