PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

College of Engineering and Technology Electronics Engineering Department

RESEARCH PAPER Digital Signal Processing

Subject:

Signals, Spectra and Signal Processing

Schedule: Thursday / 10:00am 01:00pm / LAB3 Group No. 6 Group Members: 1. Calamiong, Gian 2. Caudilla, John Emmanuel 3. Diaz, Ron Kevin 4. Gomez, Azariah Gene 5. Libunao, Ralph Thomas

Engr. John David M. Ramos Instructor

I.

ABSTRACT

Digital signals are elements that change in discrete steps or levels. The most common form of digital signal is binary, which has two levels. In a digital audio processing, it is an operation or process for extracting, enhancing, improving, storing, and transmitting AM audio signal which is useful enough. In order to process signals like audio signals it must undergo to a certain program such as Matrix Laboratory or MATLAB. Starting from the origin or the source of the signal, it will then pass through a medium which propagates the signal. After going through the medium, the computer will process the signal with a program. The output signal may be a processed sound depending on the users application. Modern phones like smart phones used signal processing as one of their applications. The program will tackle DSP and in particular, Speech Signal Processing. This program will basically record any input audio from the default microphone installed in the computer for seven seconds and manipulate its signal by using different MATLAB functions and processes. The sample signal will undergo processes such as folding, overlaying, convolution and delay. The processed signal will be necessary for the other processes because the original signal will be altered and the altered signal will be combined to the original to produce a whole new altered signal. After which the signal is played back for output purposes. Also, the manipulated signal will be played back for comparison and observations. Also before terminating the program will display a pop-up window that will let the user decide if he/she still wants to continue with the program or will just exit. To remove confusion, this program / research focuses on the signal processing as per output. Hence, this program will not alter the output speech signal in terms of pitch, amplitude and other characteristics but the signal as is (plotted graph) will be altered and will be manipulated.

II.

Block Diagram

Inizialization Audio / Speech Recording

Process
Conversion DPA

Folding x(-n)

Input

Process

Overlay Delay x(n) + x(-n-3)

Process
Convolve x(n) * x(-n-3)

Playback Termination

Process

Output

III.

MATLAB Code

while 1 disp('PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE') pause; % Record your voice for 7 seconds. recObj = audiorecorder; disp('Start speaking.') recordblocking(recObj, 7); disp('End of Recording.'); % Play back the recording. play(recObj); % Store data in double-precision array x = getaudiodata(recObj); % Flip signal. dfilt.delay(3) y = flipud(x); % Overlay signals together. z = x + y; sound(z); clc; % Convolution c = conv(x,y); sound(c); % Plotting subplot(221), plot(x); title('Original Recorded Signal'); subplot(222), plot(y); title('Folded Signal'); subplot(223), plot(z); title('Overlayed Signals [Original and Folded]'); subplot(224), plot(c); title('Convoluted Signal'); % TERMINATION K =menu('THANK YOU FOR TESTING! WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRY AGAIN?','I WANT MORE FUN','NO'); if K==1 continue; end if K==2 disp('Y U NO TEST AGAIN?') figure, imshow('Okay.jpg'); break end end

IV.

Screenshots

Fig 1

Fig 2

Screenshot Analysis Figure 1: The particular screenshot shows four graphs which is sub plotted into one single figure. These graphs represent the original and manipulated signals. It clearly shows the alterations on the signal while it is being processed in MATLAB. Figure 2: This shows a similar state as in figure 1 though, this shows the process after output which a menu pops out to ask if the user wants to continue or to terminate the program. After the menu pops out, when the user chooses to continue the program will reset and will start from initialization. After which all values stored in the previous test will be cleared to make room for new values. On the other hand, when the user selects not to continue, a image will pop-up and will notify the user that the program is terminated.

V.

Observations
After the research, it is fairly proper to state that it was a handful for any beginning student engaging in Digital Signal Processing. Though, what the research team did was, to use MATLAB functions which are very familiar to them so that the processing and the observation stage will be easy and will be on their grasp.

Step 1

A seven (7) second recording will take place to have an input signal which will be used for processing.

Step 2

The acquired data will be converted to double-precision array so that it'll be processed properly by MATLAB. This process yeilds the graph of the unprocessed audio signal.

Step 3

The original signal will undergo folding due to the origin and also the signal will undergo delay process and will shift 3 units to the right. This yeilds an audio output which is simillar to the original but is reversed or backmasked.

Step 4

The two signals will be overlayed and will result into a single united signal which is basically a forward and reverse audio output mixed together. This process yeilds a combined graph of the two outputs without any major alterations.

Step 5

The two signals will undergo a convolution process which basically multiplies each element of the signal array by one-to-one basis. This process yeilds a distorted output signal which is not simillar to any of the two previous outputs.

Step 6

This process is basically the termination stage, wherein the program will display a pop-up window that will ask the user if he/she wants to continue or exit.

The output displayed a simple graph, though after undergoing processes initiated by the different functions used, the graphs became a bit complex but to the extent that it is still understandable by a beginner in DSP. Also, it is distinguishable that the output audio is also altered and obviously whatever happens to the signal itself will be reflected to the audio output. Though, after convoluting the two different signals (original and folded), the audio output throws a very noisy and distorted output. Upon analysis, this is due to the process itself. Say that the original signal matrix when multiplied by the elements of the folded signal matrix will result into a whole new product and will not give filtered or straight information, though the convolved graph shows an exact and precise output in contrary to its audio output.