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GPRS General Packet Radio Services

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GPRS scenarios
2 MAR | Re | 1MAT 08.10.02 1 08/00 | GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

Your Lecturer is:


Routing area GPRS state model

Reiner Stuhlfauth
Rohde&Schwarz Training Center, Munich

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 2

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

Outline of Presentation
Structure of presentation
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS - Routing area GPRS - State models inside MS GPRS - Mobility management GPRS - Session management GPRS - Network operation modes

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 3

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-Routing Area
Signalling quantity needed
high
Routing area GPRS state model

Lots of LA-procedures initiated by MS

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Signalling in Uplink direction, mainly Location Update procedures


Only a few LA-procedures initiated by MS low small big

Size of Location Area

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 4

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-Routing Area
Signalling needed
high
Routing area GPRS state model

Paging over a large location area

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Signalling in Downlink direction, i.e. Paging calls sent over all radio cells belonging to that location area
Paging over small location area

low small big

Size of Location Area

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 5

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-Routing Area
Signalling needed
high
Routing area GPRS state model

Signalling in Uplink direction Signalling in Downlink direction


Envelope curve of uplink and downlink signalling.The minimum of signalling obtained is the desired size of the location area
Circuit switched

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

low small big

Size of Location Area

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 6

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-Routing Area
Signalling needed
high
Routing area GPRS state model

Signalling in Uplink direction Signalling in Downlink direction


Circuit NEW envelope curve of uplink and switched downlink signalling.The new minimum of Packet signalling obtained is the desired size switched of the routing area

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

low small

Packet switched requires more paging in DL


big

Size of Routing Area


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 7 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

Size of Location Area

GPRS-Routing Area
LAI, Location Area Identity
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

LAC MCC MNC Location Area Identification

RAI, Routing Area Identity


RAI = LAI + RAC = MCC + MNC + LAC + RAC

MCC = Mobile Country Code RAC = Routing Area Code


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 8 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

MNC = Mobile Network Code LAC = Location Area Code

GPRS Routing area update procedures


Location Updates in GPRS
Routing area GPRS state model

Routing Area Update, RAC changes

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Cell Identity Update if requested

Periodic Routing Area Update, Timer T3312 expires

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 9

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Routing area update procedures


Routing area update procedure
Routing area

MS Start T3330

Network ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST If P-TMSI or TMSI allocated, or Receive N-PDU Number needed Start T3350 ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE Stop T3350 or ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST

GPRS state model

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Stop T3330 If P-TMSI or TMSI allocated, or Receive N-PDU Number needed

ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT

Start T3330 ROUTING AREA UPDATE REJECT Stop T3330

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 10

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Routing area update procedures


Cell update procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

If MS initiated cell re-selection in READY state, cell update informs the SGSN about the new serving cell Cell update is done by transmitting an LLC frame Parameter NCO, Network Control Order in SysInfo: MS or network initiated cell reselection
The network may request measurement reports from the MS and control its cell re- selection. This is indicated by the parameter NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER. NC0 NC1 Normal MS control The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection. MS control with measurement reports The MS shall send measurement reports. The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection. NC2 Network control The MS shall send measurement reports to the network The MS shall not perform autonomous cell re-selection

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 11

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GSM-state model of MS
Initialisation
Routing area GPRS state model

Power on SIM card check Register and timer reset Initial cell selection Network selection Reading Sysnfo on BCCH

Initial Cell Selection IMSI detach IMSI attach

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

GSM IDLE Mode Call release Call setup

Cell re-selection Network re-selection Listening to paging channels MS originated call procedures Perform location update

GSM DEDICATED Mode


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 12 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

Rx/Tx active Send measurement report Obey handover command

GPRS-state model of MS
Initialisation and cell selection
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS IDLE State GPRS attach GPRS detach

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

GPRS STANDBY State PDU transmission GPRS READY State READY Timer T3314 expiry

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 13

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-state model of MS
GPRS IDLE State
Routing area GPRS state model

MS is not ready for GPRS Services MS may be switched off MS of class A or class B may be IMSI attached MS reads SysInfo to know whether GPRS is supported If packet data transfer is requested by higher layers, the MS is initiating the GPRS attach procedure

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 14

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-state model of MS
GPRS STANDBY State
Routing area GPRS state model

MS is GPRS attached MS performs routing area update if necessary GMM context is established PDP context may be activated or deactivated MS listens to paging channels If higher layers request data transfer, MS starts PDP context activation if necessary and TBF establishment

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 15

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-state model of MS
GPRS READY State
Routing area GPRS state model

MS is GPRS attached and PDP context is active MS performs cell update if necessary MS must be in READY state to transfer data

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Packet Idle mode


GPRS READY State

Packet Transfer mode Mobility management Radio Resource management


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 16 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Mobility Management


Mobility Management States
Routing area GPRS state model
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach GPRS Detach or Cancel Location

IDLE

IDLE

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

STANDBY
READY timer expiry PDU transmission or Force to STANDBY

STANDBY
READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition

PDU reception

READY
MM State Model of MS
1MAT | 08.10.02 | 17 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

READY
MM State Model of SGSN

GPRS Mobility Management


GMM context in 3 network elements: MS, SGSN and GGSN
Routing area GPRS state model
Field IMSI MM State P-TMSI P-TMSI Signature IMEI MSISDN Routeing Area Cell Identity Cell Identity Age VLR Number New SGSN Address Authentication Triplets Kc CKSN Ciphering algorithm Radio Access Classmark SGSN Classmark DRX Parameters MNRG NGAF PPF SMS Parameters Recovery Radio Priority SMS

Field IMSI NSAPI MSISDN PDP Type PDP Address Dynamic Address APN in Use QoS Profile Negotiated SGSN Address MNRG Recovery SND SNU Charging Id Reordering Required

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Field IMSI MM State P-TMSI P-TMSI Signature Routeing Area Cell Identity Kc CKSN Ciphering algorithm Classmark DRX Parameters Radio Priority SMS

SIM X X X X X X

MS
1MAT | 08.10.02 | 18 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

SGSN

GGSN

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS Attach procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

MS ATTACH REQUEST Start T3310

Network

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Stop T3310

ATTACH ACCEPT

If P-TMSI and/or TMSI allocated Start T3350 Stop T3350

If P-TMSI and/or TMSI allocated

ATTACH COMPLETE

or
ATTACH REQUEST Start T3310 ATTACH REJECT

Stop T3310

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 19

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS Attach procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS Attach is mandatory Combined GPRS/IMSI attach is possible Establishes a GMM context Negociated parameters:
P-TMSI, TMSI, DRX parameters, READY timer value, Routing Area Identity Periodic routing area update timer value MS radio access capabilities, e.g. multislot class ciphering keys, MS power class, etc.

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 20

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS Detach procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

MS Start T3321 Stop T3321 DETACH REQUEST DETACH ACCEPT

Network

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

or at MS power switch off DETACH REQUEST

MS initiated detach procedure


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 21 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS Detach procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS detach may be initiated by MS or network GPRS detach will delete GMM context There are different causes for GPRS detach:
GPRS detach with switching off, GPRS detach without switching off, IMSI detach, GPRS/IMSI detach with switching off, re-attach not required re-attach required IMSI detach after VLR failure

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 22

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS authentication procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS uses the same algorithm for authentication that is known from GSM SIM card shall handle 2 result parameter sets 1 for GSM 1 for GPRS S IM => problems Ki R N A D with old SIM cards. MS will A 3 store the values S E R S instead.
R AN D
GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

M C S S E R S = S E R S ?
Triplet for IM "xyz" ? SI

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

R D AN SR ES Kc

SR ES

A C U Ki R N A D A 3 S E R S

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 23

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS ciphering procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

The ciphering key Kc is calculated like known from GSM. SIM card shall handle 2 result parameter sets 1 for GSM 1 for GPRS => problems with old SIM cards. MS will store the values instead.
GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

M C S store
R AN D

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Kc
RAND SRES

Triplet for IMSI xyz ?

Kc
S IM A C U

Ki
A8

RAND

Ki
A8

RAND

Kc

Kc

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 24

GPRS Mobility Management


GPRS ciphering procedure
INPUT
Routing area GPRS state model

DIRECTION

INPUT

DIRECTION

Kc

CIPHER ALGORITHM OUTPUT

Kc

CIPHER ALGORITHM OUTPUT

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

PLAIN TEXT

CIPHERED TEXT

CIPHERED TEXT

PLAIN TEXT

SGSN/MS
Kc INPUT DIRECTION OUTPUT 64 bits, derived from Kc generation procedure

MS/SGSN

32 bits, LLC frame dependent parameter, set to random initial value 1 bit, indicates the direction 1600 octets max.

CIPHER ALGORITHM used ciphering algorithm, A5/x, ordered by network


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 25 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


Packet Data Protocol - Address, PDP-address
Routing area GPRS state model

Application A: Internet

PDP-Address
GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

GPRS-Network

Identifies Packet Data Protocol of application

PDP-Address

Application B: E-Mail

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 26

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS-Session Management
Use of TLLI and NSAPI
Routing area GPRS state model
X.121 address SAP

GPRS MS

Identifies Logical Link between SGSN and MS

GGSN associated with: X.121 address

Gi

External PDN X.121

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

NSAPI-1

Identifies Application on MS-Side

TLLI
NSAPI-2 IP address SAP

SGSN
GGSN associated with: IP address Gi

External PDN IP

Use of TLLI and NSAPI to transmit Data

NSAPI: Network Service Access Point Identifier TLLI: Temporary Logical Link Identifier
1MAT | 08.10.02 | 27 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


Packet Data Protocol State
Routing area GPRS state model

INACTIVE
GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Activate PDP Context

Deactivate PDP Context or MM state change to IDLE

ACTIVE

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 28

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


PDP Context Activation Procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

- NSAPI- PDP Address - PDP Type- QoS requested


- Access Point Name - PDP Configuration Options

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request 2. Security Functions 3. Create PDP Context Request - determines PDP Address (if dynamic) - determines external PDN - handles PDP Configuration Options - may restrict QoS

5. Activate PDP 4. Create PDP Context Accept Context Response - TID- PDP Address - NSAPI - QoS negotiated - Radio Priority Level - PDP Configuration Options

- add NSAPI, PDP Address, and GGSN Address into PDP Context - determines Radio Priority Level

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 29

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


Network oriented PDP-Context Activation Procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

MS

SGSN

HLR

GGSN 1. PDP PDU

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

2. Send Routing Info for GPRS 2. Send Routing Info for GPRS Ack 3. PDU Notification Request 3. PDU Notification Response 4. Request PDP Context Activation 5. PDP Context Activation procedure

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 30

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


PDP-Context Modification
Routing area GPRS state model

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Update PDP Context Request


GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

2. Update PDP Context Response 3. Modify PDP Context Request 4. Modify PDP Context Accept

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 31

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


PDP-Context Deactivation Procedure
Routing area GPRS state model

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Deactivate PDP Context Request 2. Security Functions 3. Delete PDP Context Request 3. Delete PDP Context Response 4. Deactivate PDP Context Accept

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 32

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

GPRS: Session Management


PDP context in 3 network elements: MS, SGSN and GGSN
Routing area GPRS state model

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Field PDP Type PDP Address PDP State


Dynamic Address Allowed

Field PDP Context Identifier PDP State PDP Type PDP Address APN Subscribed APN in Use NSAPI TI GGSN Address in Use
VPLMN Address Allowed

APN Requested NSAPI TI QoS Profile Requested QoS Profile Negotiated Radio Priority Send N-PDU Number Receive N-PDU Number

QoS Profile Subscribed QoS Profile Requested QoS Profile Negotiated Radio Priority Send N-PDU Number Receive N-PDU Number SND SNU Charging Id Reordering Required

Field IMSI NSAPI MSISDN PDP Type PDP Address Dynamic Address APN in Use QoS Profile Negotiated SGSN Address MNRG Recovery SND SNU Charging Id Reordering Required

MS
1MAT | 08.10.02 | 33 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

SGSN

GGSN

GPRS network operation modes


Routing area GPRS state model

Responsible for mobility management and call control in GSM


HLR

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

CCU CCU CCU

circuitswitched

MSC

GMSC

PSTN

VLR Gs interface
SGSN
GGSN

ISDN

BSC
CCU

PCU
packetswitched

BTS

PDN

Responsible for mobility management and session management in GPRS


1MAT | 08.10.02 | 34 GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPRS Scenarios

This interface is optional!

GPRS network operation modes


Network operation mode, NOM, in SysInfo gives further info about:
Routing area GPRS state model

paging coordination combined GMM/MM procedures Availability of class B MS in Packet Transfer mode

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

Mode I II III

Circuit Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel Packet Data Channel CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel

GPRS Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel Not Applicable CCCH Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel

Paging co-ordination Yes No No

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 35

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

Thank you for your attention


? ?
Routing area GPRS state model

Further questions:

GPRS mobility management GPRS session management GPRS network operation modes

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com or training.munich@rsd.rohde-schwarz.com

1MAT | 08.10.02 | 36

GPRS General Packet Radio Services


GPRS Scenarios

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