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Editorial Child Psychology Developmental psychology. Toddlers (3-6 years) Psychology of child development (psychology). Evolutionary psychology aims to study human development, especially child and adolescent stage of life cycle.Saying that a child has developed in some respect, psychologists use the term development to refer to a pattern of change, progressive movement that begins at conception and continues throughout life, a pattern that is complex as it is the product of several processes such as physical growth, maturation and experience of the subject.

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Physical growth: growth in size and weight and gradual quantitative changes and other bodily features. They are also part of this process the growth of the head and extremities, changes in the size of the brain, heart and lungs. The growth patterns are important because changes in this area can be exploited as clinical tools to determine if a child is healthy and if you are developing normally. If a child comes from a cadenced, a size and weight are lower than expected indicators of malnutrition. The factors must be considered individually, anthropometry itself does not provide specific information about the cause of the deficit. In clinical application, anthropometry is a screening tool to detect children at greater risk of nutritional imbalances or health should not be viewed as a diagnostic label of malnutrition. Maturation: includes qualitative changes in the genetic program. Both the brain and central nervous system will grow and differentiate, changing anatomical proportions, while chemical modifications that are experienced and hormonal as it approaches biological maturity. Experiences: they constitute the larger ingredient. It covers the entire gamut from those related to the biological environment to those produced by the social environment (family, school, peers, community and social media). The influences can be studied on a microscopic scale or macroscopic scale. The experiences are crucial for development. Without them there could be no growth or maturation. The lack of human contact has been dramatic and documented to produce mentally retarded children and lack of spoken language. Contemporary studies emphasize the pattern of change or progressive movement in the child's life. Developmental psychologists now seek to describe and predict the change and explain how the maturation and growth.

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Early childhood ranges from three to six years old. The changes that occur in this stage are not as fast as in the previous stage, but its development is somewhat slower. At this stage become more physical skills, have a greater intellectual competence and social relationships become more complex. The ability of language to clearly increases as they master the rules of syntax and learn how to keep conversations. On an emotional level, children of this

age begin to identify with others and show a social conscience. In childhood, boys and girls begin to have a more stylized appearance, losing the rounded tummy of childhood. The trunk, arms and feet become longer, although the head is still proportionately large. Males are slightly taller and heavier than girls and have more muscle per kilogram, while girls have more fat tissu

Physical growth between 3 and 6 years old

Height in centimeters
Age 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 Children 95 98,12 100,62 105 108,12 112,5 115 Girls 93,12 98,12 101,25 105 107,5 111,25 115

WEIGHT Kg
Chirdren 14,63 15,54 16,56 17,46 18,82 20,64 21,77 Grils 14,17 15,42 16,44 17,46 18,6 20 21,32

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The pictorial stage begins between four and five years. Children begin to draw things in real life. This step of representational drawing abstract drawing marks a fundamental change in the purpose of drawing children. The primary elements in art consisting of an interest in shape and design, which is precisely what characterizes the pattern of children in the early stages. But after the early school years, when adults are pressured to paint reality, this change happens from the abstract to the representational and is when many children who previously had fun drawing, artistic lose interest they had in the beginning. Pablo Picasso said: "Adults should not teach children to paint, but learn from them." To stimulate the creativity of children must be allowed to paint whatever they want, without imposing suggestions or standards, for "what the great artists strive for, the child creates a natural".

Child Psychology Developmental psychology. Toddlers (3-6 years)

Artistic development At an age of four years, David liked to play with cars. When his mother asked him to draw a picture of a person, the child drew wheels instead of feet. This sample an art which, unfortunately, parents seldom take into account. It was in the 70's when he began to study the artistic expression of children, with the investigations of Rhoda Kellogg, who studied more than one million drawings by children, half of them under six years. The stage of scribbling. Comes after two years of age and adults tend to think that these are random scribbles and meaningless. However, children are mainly interested in the placement of the strokes in the paper. Kellogg has identified 20 basic strokes (as lines or zigzags) and has identified 17 patterns of location of the lines that appear in the paper about two years old. The step of the way comes to the three years. The children draw diagrams with six basic shapes: circles, squares or rectangles, triangles, crosses, Xs and unequal ways. In the design stage, quickly reaching from the previous stage, children mix two basic forms in a complex pattern. These abstract drawings. Adults usually thrown away and not value these drawings because they are pictures of something specific (like a tree or a house). However, adults who force children to draw real life objects are hurting the child's artistic development.

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Sleep and sleep problems

Young children tend to sleep through the night and take a nap during the day and have a deeper sleep than older children or adults. Children at the stage of early childhood have difficulty going to sleep, they have to leave a world full of people and stimuli that are discovering every day. For this reason, it takes longer to fall asleep. At this age there is a greater chance that want to have the light on or sleep with a favorite toy or blanket. These objects to sleep, called transitional objects, help a child go from being a dependent baby to be an independent child. Therefore, there is no reason to worry about this. Between 20 and 30% of children struggle for an hour to not go to bed and wake up frequently during the night parents. Children with these problems are more likely to have experienced an accident or illness, having a depressed mother or who has ambivalent attitudes toward the child or has changed little before their schedules to be away most of the day.

Sleep problems
Sometimes sleep problems may indicate a deep emotional problem. If sleep disturbance is persistent should take the child to a psychologist. Instead, walk or sleep talk is common and carries no risk.

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anger.

Language development

Young children constantly ask questions about anything, partly because they want to learn things and partly because they have learned that the questions can start a conversation. When children outgrow the age of three years, his language seems increasingly to the adult. Between three and six years children tend to learn half of nine words each day, but not always use them as adults. For example, a child can use the word today to refer to any time in the past and tomorrow for any future time. The great speed at learning new words is that assimilate the meaning of a word to hear it only once or twice during the conversation. At the beginning of early childhood, children can follow instructions that include more than one step, such as "pick up your toys and put them in the chest", but often misunderstand complex sentences. For example, if you say "you can watch TV after ordering your room," the child can process words in the order they hear them and believe they can see first television and then order his room. Young children also tend to be very literal in interpreting the meaning of words and not infrequently receive a very different meaning than adults trying to communicate. For this reason we must pay attention to what is told to children, especially in moments of

After three years, children pronounced more clearly and try to make themselves understood, trying to explain more clearly understand when someone says no.

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Aggressiveness in children
Between the two and a half and five years, children often fight over toys they want and control your space. It is an aggression that aims to achieve a goal (eg, getting a toy). Within the next three years or more, children leave to prove his assault, beating and begin to do it with words. Some degree of aggression is normal, and children fighting for the things they want tend to be more sociable and competent. Between two and five years, as children can express themselves better with words, aggression declines in frequency and duration of aggressive episodes. Individual differences are quite stable. Children at the age of two years hit and catch the toys of others, continue to act aggressively to five years. Usually, after six or seven years of age, children are less aggressive, reducing their aggression as they are less self-centered and show more empathy towards others. You can understand why a person acts a certain way and find more positive ways to deal with that person. They are more socially skilled and can better communicate and cooperate to achieve common goals. However, not all children learn to control aggression. Some become increasingly destructive. This may be a reaction to serious problems in the child's life, it can also cause a child to serious problems when the other children and adults react with disgust or rejection. Even in a normal child, sometimes aggression can get out of hand.

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If 30% of children under 5 years interacts with the network, the figures move up to 60% between 8 and 13 years and 75% among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years as explained by Dr. Ariel Melamud, Head of Networks social Latin American Association of Pediatrics (ALAPE), and has participated in 61 National Congress of Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP) held these days in Granada. Children often are connected - about half do so daily, but in short periods, less than 5 hours a week for 75% of them. This early use as new technologies emerge, for example positive things psychomotor skills and the fact that a very young child to become a skilled user of the mouseand not so if abused. Of greatest concern is the sedentary lifestyle and its consequences on health and physical development.

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For proper use of new technologies on children, we recommend:

- Between 2 and 4 years, accompany the child for activities like watching photos or use the webcam which stimulates their imagination.

- At 5 years, parents should guide their children to surf safely and advise on content of interest to them.

- Between 9 and 12, children seek to keep up on the Internet, play online and communicate with each other through social networks. At this age and throughout adolescence, it is essential that parents set clear rules on the use of the network and the consequences of breaking those rules, that children know the safety rules online and frequently review the activity reports online of children.

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- Joke 2 The teacher says Johnny, - Pepito's see, if I say "I was rich" is past, but if I say "I am beautiful", what is? - A big lie, teacher.

The psychology of humor JAJAJA -Joke 1: This is a boy who tells his father: Dad, Dad, Grandma knows mechanics? No, why? Because I just saw under a bus.

- Joke 3: - Mom, I promise you when I grow up I put fingers not to blender.

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