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Australian Standard

Ferroalloys— Sampling

Part 1: Particulate alloys

AS 3586.1—1994
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee MN/6, Ferroalloys. It was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 16 August 1994 and
published on 5 December 1994.

The following interests are represented on Committee MN/6:

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Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

Australian Foundry Institute
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Confederation of Australian Industry

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications wil l be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australi an
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives detail s of new publications, new edit ions
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australi a,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australi an Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 93168.

 AS 3586.1—1994

Australian Standard
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Ferroalloys— Sampling

Part 1: Particulate alloys

First publi shed as AS 3586.1 — 1994.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 9253 2
 AS 3586.1 — 1994 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Ferroalloys, as one of
a series of Standards for the sampling of ferroalloys. Other parts of this Standard are as
follows:
Part 2: Sampling of molten alloys
Part 3: Preparation of samples
*Part 4: Determination of quality variation, precision and bias
The objective of this Standard is to provide those responsible for sampling ferroalloys with
standardized methods that will ensure uniformity of material submitted for testing and analysis.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the Appendices to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is for guidance and information only.
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* In course of preparation.

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in-house by purchasers of the Standard wit hout payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia.
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payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that materi al used is from the curr ent edit ion of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of materi al in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or wit hout payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.
 3 AS 3586.1 — 1994

CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 ESTABLISHIN G A SAMPLING SCHEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 MASS OF INCREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8 NUMBER OF INCREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 MASS OF GROSS SAMPLES AND SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10 MASS-BASIS SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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11 TIME-BASIS SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12 STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING— FIXED MASS OR TIME INTERVALS . 18
13 MECHANI CAL SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
14 MANUAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
15 STOPPED-BELT SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
16 SAMPLING FROM STATIONARY SITUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
17 PACKING AND MARKING OF SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

APPENDICES
A DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
B NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
C SAMPLING ERRORS AND SAMPLING VARIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
D MECHANI CAL SAMPLE CUTTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
E MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS—MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . 44
F MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS—STATIONARY SITUATIONS . . . . 45
 AS 3586.1 — 1994 4

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Ferroalloys—Sampling

Part 1: Particulate alloys

1 SCOPE This Standard sets out requirements for the sampling of ferroalloys in
particulate form from moving streams and stationary situations, including stopped-belt
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sampling, to provide samples for chemical analysis, physical testing and total moisture
determination.
Stopped-belt sampling is the reference method for collecting alloy samples against which
other sampling methods are compared. Sampling from moving streams is the preferred
method. Both falling-stream and cross-belt samplers are described.
Sampling from stationary situations should be considered only where sampling from moving
streams is not possible. The procedures described in this Standard for sampling from
stationary situations merely minimize some of the systematic sampling errors.
Where automatic sampling trains are used, this Standard should be applied in conjunction
with AS 3586.3.
It is noted that some ferroalloys are very dense, and some of the procedures described in this
Standard could become difficult to apply.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Standard:
AS
1152 Specification for test sieves
3586 Ferroalloys—Sampling
3586.2 Part 2: Sampling of molten alloys
3586.3 Part 3: Preparation of samples

3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in Appendix A
apply.

4 NOTATION A list of symbols used in this Standard is presented in Appendix B.

5 PRINC IPLES OF SAMPLING The basic rule for a correct sampling scheme is that
all parts of alloy in the stream have an equal opportunity of being selected and appearing in
the final gross sample for testing. Any deviation from this basic requirement can result in an
unacceptable loss of accuracy and precision. No incorrect sampling scheme can be relied on
to provide representative samples.
Sampling should preferably be carried out by systematic sampling, either on a mass basis
(see Clause 10) or on a time basis (see Clause 11). However, it needs to be shown that no
systematic error (or bias) could be introduced by periodic variation in quality or quantity
having a period approximately equal to any multiple of the proposed sampling interval.

COPYRIGHT
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AS 3586.1-1994, Ferroalloys - Sampling Particulate

alloys
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