Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
IMPULSE TURBINE
High velocity jet discharging at atmosphere pressure hit buckets turning the turbine Momentum change is through change in flow direction No Pressure Change As jet velocity is depends on the head (v ~ H0.5). So it is unsuitable for low head. It requires high head Ideal Specific speed is 110 rpm
Ideally velocity does not change in impulse turbine blades giving k =1, but some loss may occur Efficiency of runner = Power/Kinetic energy of jet
= (Q)u(V1 u)(1+cos 2)/[(Q) V12/2] = (2u/ V12)(V1 u) (1+cos 2)
Eq. 14 suggests that head varies from axis to periphery with u. Axial flow fans are designed to have same velocity at all radius. Can you suggest how to do this?
Turbine selection
The BHP output depends on Q, H, n & D Specific speed Nsp compares output with Head Nsp = N(rpm) (BHP)0.5/[{Hft))1.25] Optimum efficiency of turbine depends on its specific speed
Home work
An axial flow fan has a hub diameter of 1.5 m and tip diameter of 2 m. It rotates at 18 rad/s and, when handling 5 m3/s of air, develops a theoretical head equivalent to 17 mm of water. Determine the blade outlet and inlet angles at the hub and at the tip. Assume that the velocity of flow is independent of radius and that the energy transfer per unit length of blade is constant. Air density = 1.2 kg/m3 and water density = 1000 kg/m3 [11.40, 15.10, 19.50, 48.60] (Douglas p-719)