Volumetric Final

C h e mi s t r y > > 1 < <
Volumetric Assignment
Chemi cal anal ysi s i s kept under t wo heads
i ) Qual i t at i ve i i ) Quant i t at i ve
1.Quali t at i ve:- Whi ch i nvol ves t he det ect i on or i dent i fi cat i on of t he const i t uent s i n
t he gi ven subst ance or mi xt ur e of subst ances.
2.Quant i t at i ve:- Whi ch deal s wi t h t he act ual est i mat i on of an el ement or a com-
pound or a r adi cal pr esent i n t he gi ven sampl e. Of t he var i ous met hods of quant i t at i ve
est i mat i ons, vol umet r i c i s one of t hem. It i nvol ves t he measur ement of vol umes of t he
sol ut i ons of r eact i ng subst ances. Fr om t he measur ed vol umes of sol ut i ons of t he t wo
and k nowi ng t he concent r at i on of one, t he concent r at i on of t he ot her can be cal cu-
l at ed usi ng appr opr i at e mat hemat i cal for mul ae.
Tit rat ion:- The pr ocess of addi ng one sol ut i on fr om t he bur et t e t o anot her pr esent i n
t he coni cal fl ask unt i l t he r eact i on i s compl et ed.
Tit rant :- The sol ut i on t aken i n t he bur et t e.
Tit rat e:- The sol ut i on t aken i n t he coni cal fl ask.
End Poi nt :- The poi nt i n a t i t r at i on usual l y i ndi cat ed by a change of col our of an
i ndi cat or at whi ch a par t i cul ar r eact i on i s compl et ed.
I ndi cat or:- The subst ance, by a shar p col our change i ndi cat es t he compl et i on of a
chemi cal r eact i on,
1.When KMnO
4
i s used as t he t i t t ant i n a r edox r eact i on i t sel f act s as an i ndi cat or .
(It i s a sel f i ndi cat or )
2. When Fe
2+
vs K
2
Cr
2
O
7
t i t r at i on i s car r i ed out di phenyl ami ne i s t he i ndi cat or and i t
gi ves vi ol et col our at t he end poi nt due t o t he oxi di sat i on of t he i ndi cat or
NH N
N
+2H
2
diphenylamine
diphenylbenzedine violet
3. I n case of I odo and Iodi met r i c t i t r at i ons st ar ch i s t he i ndi cat or t hat for ms bl ue
col our ed compl ex wi t h Iodi ne
4. When a chl or i de i s t i t r at ed agai nst AgNO
3
, Pot asi um chr omat e (K
2
Cr O
4
) i s use as an
i di cat or
5. Aci d-Base i ndi cat or s............ r efer page 6
Different t ypes of t it rat ion:-
i) Acid-base t it rat ion or Neut ralisat ion t it rat ion:- Invol ve t he t i t r at i ons of sol ut i ons
of aci ds agai nst sol ut i ons of bases or vi ce ver sa.[Leadi ng t o t he for mat i on of sal t and
wat er ]
ii) Redox t it rat ion:- Whi ch i nvol ve t he t i t r at i ons of sol ut i ons of oxi dant s agai nst t he
sol ut i ons of r educt ant s or vi ce ver sa.
iii) I odomet ric:- It i nvol ves t he t i t r at i on of l i ber at ed i odi ne i n a quant i t at i ve r eact i on
agai nst st andar d sol ut i ons of r educi ng agent s such as sodi um t hi osul phat e.
iv) I odimet ric:- Ti t r at i ons i nvol vi ng st andar d sol ut i ons of i odi ne.
[Iodo - and Iodi - ar e al so par t of Redox t i t r at i ons]
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 < <
v) Precipit at ion t it rat ions: Dur i ng t he t i t r at i on t he pr eci pi t at i on of a par t i cul ar com-
ponent occur s.
ex:
2 2 4 4
BaC H SO BaSO 2HC + +
+
;
3 3
AgNO NaC AgC NaNO et c. + +
+

Not e:- Chemi cal r eact i ons ar e r epr esent ed by means of bal anced chemi cal equat i ons.
In a bal anced equat i on t he number of mol es of t he r eact i ng subst ances mi ght di ffer ,
but t he number of equi val ent s of r eact i ng subst ances wi l l r emai n t he same. i .e. one
equ i val ent of one subst ance compl et el y r eact s wi t h one equ i val ent of anot her
subst ance
For a given react ion:-
1 2 3 4
n A n B n C n D + +
eq. of A eq. of B eq. of C eq. of D
or meq of A meq of
B meq
of C meq of D
(Equal vol umes of equi nor mal sol ut i ons r eact compl et el y)
Equivalent Mass:- Equi val ent mass of a subst ance depends upon t he nat ur e of t he
chemi cal r eact i on i n whi ch t he subst ance t ak es par t . The equi val ent mass of sub-
st ance expr essed i n gr ams i s known as gr am equi val ent mass. One gr am equi val ent
mass i s one equi val ent .
Equi val ent mass i s t hat much mass of a subst ance whi ch can combi ne wi t h or can be
r epl aced by 1.008 par t s by mass of hydr ogen or 8 par t s by mass of oxygen or 35.5 par t s
by mass of chl or i ne
Equivalent Masses of Various Subst ances:-
a) Equi val ent mass of an El ement ...........
Atomic Mass
Valence
=
b) Equi val ent Mass of an aci d ....................
M.Mass of the acid
Basicity
=
Aci ds have basi ci t y whi ch i s t he number of r epl aceabl e Hydr ogen at oms.
or
Basi ci t y of an ai cd i s t he number of H
+
i ons fur ni shed by a mol ecul e of an aci d
c) Equi val ent mass of a base ...................
M.Mass of the base
acidity
=
Bases have aci di t y whi ch i s t he number of r epl aceabl e hydr oxyl i ons.
or
Aci di t y i s t he number of hydr oxyl i ons fur ni shed by a mol ecul e of a base
d) Equi val ent Mass of a sal t ...................
M.Mass of the salt
Total No. of units of ve or ve charges
=
+
e) Equi val ent Mass of an oxi di zi ng agent :
An oxi di zi ng agent i s one t hat oxi di ses t he ot her sel f under goi ng r educt i on. It accept s
el ect r ons
Equi val ent mass
M.Mass of the O.A
No.of moles of Electrons accepted by one mole of it
=
f) Eq. Mass of r educi ng agent ..........
A r educi ng agent i s one t hat r educes t he ot her sel f under goi ng oxi dasat i on
It gi ves out el ect r ons
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 < <
Equi val ent mass
M.Mass of the R.A
No.of moles of Electrons given out by one mole of it
=
g) Equi val ent Mass of an i on .........
Formula weight of an ion
Charge carried by the ion
=
h) Equi val ent mass of an aci di c sal t ......
Molecular mass of acidic salt
No.of replaceable H atoms in it
=
i ) Equi val net Mass of a basi c sal t ............
M.Mass
No.of replaceable OH ions of it
=
j ) Equi val ent mass of an el emenet
atomic mass
valence
=
Solut ion:- A sol ut i on i s a homogeneous mi xt ur e of t wo or mor e component s. If t her e
ar e onl y t wo component s i t i s sai d t o be a bi nar y sol ut i on. The one whi ch i s r el at i vel y
l ower i n concent r at i on i s sai d t o be t he sol ut e and t he ot her one i s t he sol vent . The
concent r at i ons of t he sol ut i ons ar e expr essed i n di ffer ent ways.
Different ways of expressing concent rat ions:
1. Molarit y (M):- Number of mol es of t he sol ut e pr esent per l i t r e of t he sol ut i on or
number of mi l l i mol es pr esent per mL of t he sol ut i on.
In case w gr ams of sol ut e of mol ecul ar mass W i s pr esent i n V - mL of t he sol ut i on,
t hen
Mol ar i t y,
w 1000
M .
W V
=
In case t he mass of V - mL of sol ut i on i s x-gr ams and t he densi t y of t he sol ut i on i s d
g/ mL, t hen
w 1000.d
M .
W x
=
2. Normali t y(N):- Number of equi val ent s of sol ut e pr esent per l i t r e of sol ut i on or
number of mi l l i equi val ent s pr esent per mL of sol ut i on.
In case w g of sol ut e of equi val ent mass E i s di ssol ved i n V - mL of sol ut i on
w 1000
N .
E V
=
Normali t y = Molari t y Z,
wher e Z - i s t he val ence fact or
M.Mass
Eq.Mass
=
Nor mal i t y
Molarity M.Mass
Eq.Mass
=
Eq. mass Normali t y = M.Mass Molari t y
Not e:- Nor mal i t y and Mol ar i t y ar e t emper at ur e dependent .
3. Molalit y(m):- Number of mol es of sol ut e pr esent per 1000g of sol vent .
In case w g of sol ut e of M.Mass M i s di ssol ved i n X g of sol vent , t hen
t hen mol al i t y
w 1000
m .
M X
=
C h e mi s t r y > > 4 < <
4. Mole fract ion (x):- I t i s t he r at i o bet ween t he number of mol es of a par t i cul ar
component t o t he t ot al number of mol es of var i ous component s i n t he mi xt ur e. If a
gi ven mi xt ur e cont ai ns
n
1
mol es of 1
st
component
n
2
mol es of 2
nd
component
n
3
mol es of 3
r d
component and so on
Tot al number of mol es, n = n
1
+ n
2
+ n
3
+ ...........
mol e fr act i on of 1
st
,
1
1
n
x
n
=
mol e fr act i on of 2nd,
2
2
n
x
n
=
and so on
Sum of t he mol e fr act i ons of t he var i ous component s i n a sol ut i on i s al ways equal one.
Molali t y and mole fract i on are t emperat ure i ndependent .
Ex: - A gi ven sampl e of Ur ea i s of 4. 5 mol al . Fi nd t he mol ef r act i on of Ur ea
[M.M of Ur ea = 60 and densi t y of wat er : 1.0 g/ mL
Solut i on:-
Ur ea = 4.5 mol es
Mass of wat er = 1000 g
55.5 mol es
Tot al number of mol es = 55.5 + 4.5 = 60
Mol efr act i on of Ur ea =

4.5
0.075
60
=
5. Part s per million:- It i s used t o expr ess t he concent r at i on of a sol ut i on when t he
sol ut e i s pr esent i n a ver y saml l amount i n sol ut i on. ppm i s t he number of par t s of
sol ut e pr esent per one mi l l i on par t s of sol vent .
Amount of a sol ut e i n sol ut i on i n t er ms of ppm
6
Mass of solute
10
Mass of solvent
=
Amount s of sol ut e and sol vent ar e t o be expr essed i n t he same uni t s i .e. ei t her i n
gr ams, mi l l i gr ams, kgs et c
Example:-
A sampl e of seawat er cont ai ns 5.8 mol es of Br omi de i on i n 10
3
k g. Cal cul at e t he
concent r at i on of Br omi de i on i n ppm (At . mass of Br omi de = 80)
Solut ion:
10
3
kg
10
6
g
10
6
g cont ai ns 5.8 mol es
5.8 mol es of Br omi de i on
5.8 80 = 464g
Concent r at i on of Br omi de i on i n ppm = 464

Example:-
A gi ven sampl e of seawat er cont ai ns Li t hi um i on and i t s concent r at i on i s 1.9 ppm.
Cal cul at e t he number of mol es of Li t hi um i on pr esent i n 10 kg of wat er (At . mass of
Li t hi um = 7)
C h e mi s t r y > > 5 < <
Solut ion:-
concent r at i on of Li
+
= 1.9 ppm
10
6
g of seawat er cont ai ns 1.9g of Li t hi um i on
mass of Li
+
i n 10 kg i .e. 10
4
g of seawat er =
4
2
6
1.9 10
1.9 10 g
10
=
2
2 3
1.9 10
1.9 10 g moles 2.7 10 moles
7
of Li
+
6. Percent age (w/ v):- Mass of sol ut e i n gr ams pr esent per 100 mL of sol ut i on
Ex:- 10% of sol ut i on by (w/ v) i .e., 100 mL sol ut i on cont ai ns 10g of sol ut e
7. Percent age(w/ w):- Mass of sol ut e i n gr ams pr esent per 100g of sol ut i on.
Ex:- 98% by mass i .e., ever y 100g of sol ut i on cont ai ns 98g of sol ut e
I n case per cent age by mass of sol ut e and densi t y(d) of t he sol ut i on ar e gi ven, t hen
mol ar i t y,
% 10 d
M
M.Mass of solute

=
8. Percent age (v/ v):- Vol ume of sol ut e i n mL per 100 mL of t he sol ut i on.
Ex:- 20% by vol ume i .e., ever y 100 mL sol ut i on cont ai ns 20 mL sol ut e
St r engt h of sol ut i on = Nor mal i t y Eq. Mass .....g/ L
St r engt h of sol ut e = Mol ar i t y M.Mass ...........g/ L
St andard solut ion:-
A sol ut i on of known concent r at i on i s sai d t o be a st andar d sol ut i on.
Exact l y a k nown mass of a sampl e i s di ssol ved and t he sol ut i on i s made upt o a
speci fi ed vol ume and nor mal i t y or mol ar i t y i s cal cul at ed.
A nor mal sol ut i on i s a st andar d sol ut i on. But a st andar d sol ut i on need not al ways be a
nor mal sol ut i on
Primary st andard subst ance:-
Any subst ance used for preparing such a standard soluti on as said above i s known as a
pr i mar y st andar d subst ance and i t shoul d sat i sfy t he fol l owi ng cr i t er i a:
a) Avai l abl e i n pur e cr yst al l i ne for m.
b) nei t her hygr oscopi c nor effl or escent .
c) i ner t t o at mospher e i .e. no r eact i on wi t h at mospher i c gases such as CO
2
or O
2
et c.
d) havi ng hi gh equi val ent mass or mol ecul ar mass
e) r eadi l y sol ubl e i n wat er .
f) i t s sol ut i on shoul d be st abl e over a per i od of t i me.
A few exampl es of pr i mar y st andar d subst ances t hat sat i sfy t he above condi t i ons ar e:
a) 2
COOH
.2H O |
COOH
b) Na
2
CO
3
c) KCl d) K
2
Cr
2
O
7
et c
C h e mi s t r y > > 6 < <
Secondary st andard subst ance:- Any subst ance t hat doesnt sat i sfy t he above condi -
t i ons i s t r eat ed as a secondar y st andar d subst ance.Di ffer ent subst ances wi l l have
di ffer ent r easons for not bei ng consi der ed as pr i mar y st andar d subst ances
Ex:-
KMnO
4
- cannot be used as a pr i mar y st andar d si nce.
a) i t i s di ffi cul t t o get i t absol ut el y fr ee fr om MnO
2
b) Al so sol ut i ons of KMnO
4
get cont ami nat ed wi t h MnO
2
over a per i od of t i me.
NaOH i s not a pr i mar y st andar d su bst ance si nce i t i s hygr oscopi c. Li k e wi se
Na
2
S
2
O
3
.5H
2
O i s effl or ecent i n nat ur e. HCl i s a gas. FeSO
4
under goes ar eal oxi dat i on
et c
Equivalence formula:-
Equal vol umes of equi nor mal sol ut i ons r eact compl et el y wi t h one anot her .
If N
1
i s t he nor mal i t y of 1
st
sol ut i on and V
1
be i t s vol ume
N
2
i s t he nor mal i t y of t he 2
nd
sol ut i on and V
2
i s i t s vol ume
no. of equi val ent s pr esent i n V
1
mL sol ut i on =
1 1
N V
1000
si mi l ar l y for t he second sol ut i on =
2 2
N V
1000
Si nce number of equi val ent s of t he r eact i ng subst ances ar e same

2 2 1 1
N V N V
1000 1000

=
or V
1
N
1
= V
2
N
2
no of meq of 1
st
= no of meq of 2
nd
b) V
1
M
1
= V
2
M
2
i s meant for di l ut i on and al so for such of t he sol ut i ons wher e equi val ent
mass of a subst ance i s equal t o i t s mol ecul ar mass.
Hydrogen ion - indicat ors:-
These ar e al so k own as aci d base i ndi cat or s or pH-i ndi cat or s. These subst ances
change t hei r col our s dependi ng upon t he pH of t he medi um t o whi ch t hey ar e added.
They ar e gener al l y weak or gani c aci ds or weak or gani c bases. Phenol pht hal ei n i s a
weak or gani c aci d.The i oni sed for m of phenol pht hal ei n gi ves pi nk col our and uni oni sed
for m gi ves no col our . Si mi l ar l y, met hyl or ange i s a weak or gani c base. It s i oni sed for m
gi ves pal e or ange col our and uni oni sed for m gi ves yel l ow col our .
HIn H In
+
ln
[H ][In ]
K
[HIn]
+
=
wher e K
l n
i s known as i ndi ct or const ant [Di ssoci at i on const ant of i ndi cat or ]
ln
[HIn]
[H ] K
[In ]
+
=
ln
[HIn]
log[H ] log K log
[In ]
+
=
C h e mi s t r y > > 7 < <
ln
[In ]
pH pK log
HIn
= + or
ln
[In ]
log pH pK
HIn
=
Thus t he r at i o of t he t wo for ms i s dependent upon t he pH of t he sol ut i on.
If
ln
[In ]
10, pH pK 1
HIn
= = +
If
ln
[In ] 1
, pH pK 1
HIn 10
= =
Thus pH = pK
l n

1
and i t i s known as pH- r ange of t he i ndi cat or
Thus t he wor ki ng pH r ange of any i ndi cat or i s r oughl y t wo uni t s ar ound pK
l n
val ue.
Each i ndi cat or shows di st i nct l y di ffer ent col our s bel ow pK
l n
- 1 and above pK
l n
+ 1.
Wi t h i n t he r ange of t wo uni t s i t i s a mi xed col our and one cannot i dent i fi e t he
compl et i on of t i t r at i on
pH r ange of phenol pht hal ei n i s 8.3 t o 10.2
Bel ow 8.3, i t gi ves no col our and above 10.2, i t gi ves pi nk col our .
Si mi l ar l y, for met hyl or ange t he pH r ange i s 3.3 t o 4.9
Bel ow 3.3, i t gi ves pal e or ange and above 4.9, i t gi ves yel l ow col our
Met hyl r ed 4.4 t o 6.2 (Red and Yel l ow) Thymol Bl ue: 8.0 t o 9.6 (yel l ow and bl ue)
The sui t abi l i t y of an i ndi cat or for a gi ven aci d base t i t r at i on i s j udged fr om
i ) pH - r ange of t he i ndi cat or .
i i ) pH of t he r esul t i ng sol ut i on when t he neut r al i zat i on i s compl et ed
Ex:- a) When a st r ong aci d i s neut r al i sed by a st r ong base, t he pH of t he r esul t i ng
sol ut i on i s 7.
b) When a weak aci d i s neut r al i sed by a st r ong base, t he pH of t he r esul t i ng i s
gr eat er t han 7 due t o t he hydr ol ysi s of t he sal t for med [sal t of St . Base Vs Weak aci d]
c) When a weak base i s neut r al i sed by a st r ongaci d, t he pH of t he r esul t i ng i s
l ess t han seven due t o t he hydr ol ysi s of t he sal t for med [sal t of weak base Vs st . Aci d]
d) The t i t r at i on of a weak aci d Vs weak base gi ves no shar p t r ansi t i on and hence no
sui t abl e i ndi cat or
Hydrogen peroxide as a volumet ric Reagent :-
Hydr ogen per oxi de (H
2
O
2
) i s a uni que i nor gani c compound t hat i t act s bot h as an
oxi di zi ng agent as wel l as a r educi ng agent bot h i n aci di c as wel l as i n al kal i ne me-
di um.
The relevant react ions are:
As a oxi di zi ng agent :
2 2 2
H O 2H 2e 2H O
+
+ + (aci di c medi um)

2 2
O H H O 2e 3OH

+ + (Basi c medi um)
as a r educi ng agent :
2 2 2
H O O 2H 2e
+
+ + (Bot h aci di c as wel l as i n basi c medi um)
Eq. mass
. 34
17
. 2
= = =
M Mass
No of electrons given out or accepted by it
C h e mi s t r y > > 8 < <
It i s t oo di ffi cul t t o get 100% pur e hydr ogen per oxi de. The concent r at i on of H
2
O
2
sol u-
t i on i s expr essed i n t er ms of vol ume st r engt h, such as 10V, 15V, 100V et c.
A 10V hydr ogen per oxi de means - one mL sol ut i on cont ai ns t hat much mass of hydr o-
gen per oxi de whi ch on decomposi t i on gi ves out oxygen t hat measur es 10 mL at NTP.
2 2 2 2
2H O 2H O O
2 34g 22400mL at NTP
+
Mass of H
2
O
2
t hat gi ves 10 mL of Oxygen =
2 34 10
g
22400

i .e. 1 mL sol ut i on cont ai ns:
2 34 10
g
22400

of H
2
O
2
Mass of H
2
O
2
i n 1000 mL sol ut i on =
2 34 10 1000
g
22400

Mol ar i t y
2 34 10 1000
0.891
22400 34

= =
Nor mal i t y = 2 0.891 = 1.782 and % by mass = 3.03

| |

|
\ .
2 2
w
10V H O 0.891M 1.782N 3.03%
V
Based upon t hi s one can cal culat e t he concent rat i on of sol ut i ons of di fferent
volume st rengt h
As an oxidizing agent :-
To a sol ut i on of Hydr ogen per oxi de excess of KI when added i n aci d medi um, i odi de i s
oxi di zed t o fr ee i odi ne and t he l i ber at ed i odi ne i s t i t r at ed agai nst st andar d sodi um
t hi osul phat e sol ut i on.
O.A : Hydr ogen per oxi de and R.A: pot asssi um Iodi de.
2 2 2 2
H O 2H 2I 2H O I
+
+ + +
2 2 2 3 2 4 6
I 2Na S O Na S O 2NaI + +
2 2
2 2 3 4 6
I 2S O S O 2I

+ +
No. of meq of H
2
O
2

meq of Iodi ne
meq of Na
2
S
2
O
3
As a reducing agent :-
Acidified KMnO
4
Vs H
2
O
2
O.A. : Aci di fi ed KMnO
4
R.A. : Hydr ogen per oxi de
2
4 2
[MnO 8H 5e Mn 4H O] 2
+ +
+ + +
2 2 2
[H O O 2H 2e ] 5
+
+ +
Add:
2
4 2 2 2 2
2MnO 6H 5H O 2Mn 8H O 5O
+ +
+ + + +
No. of meq of
4
MnO
meq of H
2
O
2
C h e mi s t r y > > 9 < <
Solved Examples:
A bot tl e of H
2
O
2
soluti on is l abel l ed as x - volume. 25 mL of t he t hi s sol ut ion is t rans-
fer red into a 250 mL vol umetr ic flask and t he sol ut ion i s made upt o the mar k. To 20 mL
of this sol ut ion excess of KI i s added in acid medium and t he l iber at ed iodi ne r equi red
25 mL of 0.1N sodi um t hi osul phate. Fi nd t he value of x.
Solut ion:-
no of meq of t hi o = 25 0.1 = 2.5
20 mL of di l ut e sol ut i on cont ai ns 2.5 meq of H
2
O
2
no of eq of H
2
O
2
i n 250 mL of made up sol ut i on
2.5 250
31.25
20
= =
i .e, 25 mL of bot t l e sol ut i on cont ai ns 31.25 meq.
no. of meq per mL sol ut i on i s t he nor mal i t y
Nor mal i t y of bot t l e sol ut i on =

31.25
1.25
25
=
1.782 N sol ut i on of H
2
O
2

10V
The vol ume st r engt h of 1.25 N sol ut i on of H

2
O
2
10 1.25
7.0
1.782
= =

x = 7.0
Example:-2.
1.0g sampl e of H
2
O
2
sol ut i on cont ai ni ng x per cent of H
2
O
2
by mass r equi r es x mL of
KMnO
4
i n aci d medi um for oxi dat i on. Cal cul at e t he nor mal i t y of KMnO
4
sol ut i on.
Solut ion:-
mass of H
2
O
2
i n 1g sampl e
1 x
0.01 g
100
= =
Eq mass of H
2
O
2
= 17
meq of H
2
O
2

3
0.01 10
17
=
x
Let t he nor mal i t y of KMnO
4
= N
no. of meq. of KMnO
4
= x N
3
0.01x 10
xN
17
= or
10
N 0.588
17
= =
BOTH KMnO
4
AND K
2
Cr
2
O
7
ACT AS OXI DI ZI NG AGENTS I N ACI DI C MEDI UM.
For acidifying KMnO
4
:
i ) HCl cannot be used si nce Cl
i s oxi di sed by
4
MnO
i i ) HNO
3
cannot be used si nce HNO
3
i t sel f i s an oxi di zi ng agent .
i i i ) Onl y H
2
SO
4
i s used t o aci di fy KMnO
4
For acidifying K
2
Cr
2
O
7
:
i ) HNO
3
cannot be used si nce i t sel f i s an oxi di zi ng agent .
i i ) Ei t her HCl or H
2
SO
4
can be used for aci di fyi ng K
2
Cr
2
O
7
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 0 < <
SOME USEFUL I MPORTANT CHEMI CAL REACTI ONS I N VOLUMETRI C ANALYSI S
1. KMnO
4
act s as an oxi di zi ng agent i n aci di c, al kal i ne or even i n neut r al medi um and
t he r el evant r eact i ons ar e:
aci d medi um:
2
4 2
8 5 4
+ +
+ + + MnO H e Mn H O
Eq. Mass
M.Mass 158
31.6
5 5
= = =
2. Al kal i ne medi um or neut r al medi um:
4 2 4 2
2 2 2 ( ) + + + KMnO KOH K MnO H O O ...................(A)
2
4 4
MnO e MnO

( +

[ Reduct i on pr oduct i s K
2
MnO
4
and t her e i s onl y one el ect r on t r ansfer and hence for
t hi s st ep, equi val ent mass and mol ecul ar mass ar e same for KMnO
4
]
2 4 2 2
2K MnO 2H O 2MnO 4KOH 2(O) + + + .......................(B)
........................................................................................

4 2 2
2KMnO H O 2MnO 2KOH 3(O) + + + (on addi ng A & B)
........................................................................................
Or Ioni cal l y:
4 2 2
MnO 2H O 3e MnO 4OH

+ + +
Eq. Mass of KMnO
4
i n al kal i ne or neut r al medi um
M.Mass 158
52.66
3 3
= = =
(Reduct i on pr oduct of
4
MnO
i s MnO
2
)
3. React i on bet ween aci di fi ed KMnO
4
Vs SO
2
4 2 4 2 4 4 2
2KMnO 3H SO K SO 2MnSO 3H O 5(O) + + + +
| |
2 2 2 4
SO O H O H SO 5 + +
4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4
2KMnO 5SO 2H O K SO 2MnSO 2H SO + + + +
(or )
2 2
4 2 2 4
2 5 2 5 2 4
+ +
+ + + + MnO SO H O SO Mn H
2 2 2
4 3 4 2
2MnO 5SO 6H 2Mn 5SO 3H O
+ +
+ + + +
meq of KMnO
4
meq of SO
2
Eq. Mass of KMnO
4
=
M.Mass
5
; Eq. mass of SO
2

M.Mass
2
=
4. Aci di fi ed KMnO
4
Vs oxali c aci d
4
MnO
i s t he oxi di zi ng agent and oxal i c aci d i s t he r educi ng agent

2
4 2
MnO 8H 5e Mn 4H O
+ +
+ + +
2
2
COO
|
2CO 2e
COO
+
Equal i si ng t he number of el ect r ons and on addi ng
2
2
4 2 2
5COO
2MnO 16H 2Mn 10CO 8H O
|
COO
+ +
+ + + +
Eq. mass of oxal i c aci d
M.Mass
2
=
and t hat of KMnO
4
=
M.mass
5
Meq of KMnO
4

meq of oxal i c aci d

C h e mi s t r y > > 1 1 < <
4
Vs Hydrogen peroxi de
Oxi di zi ng agent = KMnO
4
Reduci ng agent = H
2
O
2
4 2 4 2 4 4 2
2KMnO 3H SO K SO 2MnSO 3H O 5(O) + + + +
2 2 2
5[H O H O O] +
Add:
4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2
2 3 5 2 8 5 + + + + + KMnO H SO H O K SO MnSO H O O
2
4 2
+ +
+ + +
2 2 2
[H O O 2H 2e ] 5
+
+ +
2
4 2 2 2 2
2MnO 5H O 6H 2Mn 8H O 5O
+ +
+ + + +
Eq. Mass of
2 2
M.Mass
H O
2
=
and t hat of KMnO
4

M.Mass
5
=
meq of
2 2
H O meq of KMnO
4
4
Vs KI
4
MnO
- i s t he oxi di zi ng agent
I
- i s t he r educi ng agent
2
4 2
+ +
+ + +
2
[2I I 2e ] 5

+
2
4 2 2
2MnO 16H 10I 2Mn 8H O 5I
+ +
+ + + +
Eq. mass of KI = M. Mass
4
Vs Fe
2+
- 2
4 2
MnO 8H 5e Mn 4H O
+ +
+ + +
2 3
5Fe 5Fe 5e
+ +
+
2 2 3
4 2
MnO 8H 5Fe Mn 5Fe 4H O
+ + + +
+ + + +
The f er r ous i s ei t her f r om f er r ous sul phat e [FeSO
4
. 7H
2
O] or f er r ous ammoni um
sul phat e [FeSO
4
.(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.6H
2
O] whi ch ar e t he r educi ng agent s.
Eq. mass of fer r ous sul phat e or fer r ous ammoni a sul phat e cor r esponds t o t he r espec-
t i ve mol ecul ar masses (Si nce t her e i s onl y one el ect r on t r ansfer )
8. KMnO
4
oxi di zes HCl , HBr and HI t o free halogen i n aci d medi um.
4 2 4 2 4 4 2 2
2KMnO 3H SO 10HX K SO 2MnSO 8H O 5X + + + + +
(or )
2
4 2 2
2MnO 16H 10X 2Mn 8H O 5X
+ +
+ + + +
9. KMnO
4
oxi di zes HCl t o free chlori ne as per t he eq.
4 2 2 2
2 16 2 2 5 8 + + + + KMnO HC KC MnC C H O
10. KMnO
4
oxi di zes sodi um t hi osulphat e t o sodi um sulphat e i n neut ral medi um:
2 2 3 4 2 2 4 2 2 4
3Na S O 8KMnO H O 3Na SO 8MnO 3K SO 2KOH + + + + +
Eq. mass of
4
M.Mass
KMnO
3
=
and Eq. mass of
2 2 3
M.Mass
Na S O
8
=
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 2 < <
11. KMnO
4
oxi di zes As
2
O
3
t o ort ho arseni c aci d i n aci d medi um.
2
4 2 3 2 3 4
4MnO 5As O 12H 9H O 4Mn 10H AsO
+ +
+ + + +
As
2
O
3
i s t he r educi ng agent
Eq. mass of
4
M.Mass
KMnO
5
=
and Eq. mass of
2 3
M.Mass
As O
4
=
Number of meq KMnO
4
= number of meq of As
2
O
3
12. KMnO
4
react s wi t h MnSO
4
i n neut ral medi um as per t he eq:
4 4 2 2 4 2 2 4
2KMnO 3MnSO 2H O K SO 5MnO 2H SO + + + +
KMnO
4
i s t he oxi di zi ng agent
MnSO
4
i s t he r eudci ng agent
Eq. mass of KMnO
4

M.Mass
3
=
and Eq. mass of MnSO
4

M.Mass
2
=
(It i s an exampl e of compr opor t i onat i on r eact i on)
13.
4 2 4 2 2
2KMnO (s) K MnO +MnO +O
1 mol e of O
2

4 equi val ent s and 2 mol es of KMnO

4

4 equi val ent s

Eq. Mass of KMnO
4

M.Mass
2
=
4
Vs H
2
S
KMnO
4
H
2
S i s t he r educi ng agent
4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2
2KMnO 3H SO 5H S K SO 2MnSO 8H O 5S + + + + +
(or )
2 2
4 2
2MnO 16H 5S 2Mn 8H O 5S
+ +
+ + + +
2 2
H S O H O S + + (or )
2
S S 2e

+
Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass 34
H S 17
2 2
= = =
15. MnO
2
Vs oxali c aci d i n aci di c medi um
MnO
2
oxal i c aci d or oxal at e i on i s t he r educi ng agent
2
2 2
MnO 4H 2e Mn 2H O
+ +
+ + +
2
2 4 2
C O 2CO 2e

+
..................................................................
2 2
2 2 4 2 2
4
+ +
+ + + + MnO H C O Mn CO H O
......................................................................
Eq. mass of MnO
2

M.Mass
2
=
; Eq. mass of oxal i c aci d
M.Mass
2
=
16. a) MnO
2
Vs HCl b) KI Vs Cl
2
and c) I
2
Vs Na
2
S
2
O
3
a)
2 2 2 2
4 2 + + + MnO HC MnC H O C
Oxi di zi ng agent MnO
2
and r educi ng agent Chl or i de i on
Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
MnO
2
=
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 3 < <
b)
2 2
2KI C 2KC I + +
Eq. mass of KI
M.Mass
1
=
Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
C
2
=
or
atomic mass
1
Iodi de i s oxi di zed by chl or i ne i .e. chl or i ne i s t he oxi di zi ng agent
c)
2 2 3 2 2 4 6
2Na S O I Na S O 2NaI + +
Reduci ng agent = Na
2
S
2
O
3
Oxi di zi ng agent = I
2
Eq. mass of
2 2 3
M.Mass
Na S O
1
=
and Eq. mass of Iodi ne = i t s at omi c mass
Meq of MnO
2

meq of Cl
2

meq of I
2

meq of Na
2
S
2
O
3
17. MnO
2
Vs Ferrous Sulphat e:
2 2 3
2 2
MnO 2Fe 4H Mn 2Fe 2H O
+ + + +
+ + + +
Eq. mass of FeSO
4

M.Mass
1
=
and Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
MnO
2
=
18. MnO
2
Vs H
2
O
2
i n aci d medi um:
MnO
2
i s r educed t o Mn
2+
by H
2
O
2
i n pr esence of an aci d
2
2 2 2 2 2
MnO H O 2H Mn 2H O O
+ +
+ + + +
Eq.mass of
2
M.Mass
MnO
2
=
and Eq. mass of H
2
O
2

M.Mass
2
=
19. Aci di fi ed K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Vs SO
2
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
act s as an oxi di zi ng agent whi l e SO
2
act s as a r educi ng agent .
2 2 7 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2
K Cr O 4H SO K SO Cr (SO ) 4H O 3(O) + + + +
2 2 2 4
3SO 3(O) 3H O 3H SO + +
------------------------------------------------------------------
2 2 7 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 3 2
K Cr O H SO 3SO K SO Cr (SO ) H O + + + +
------------------------------------------------------------------
Eq. mass of
2 2 7
M.Mass
K Cr O
6
=
and t hat of
2
M.Mass
SO
2
=
20. Pot assi um di chromat e Vs sulphi t e i n aci d medi um:
[Sul phi t e gi ves SO
2
i n pr esence of di l . aci ds and t he r edox r eact i on (19) i s gi ven her e i n
t he i oni c for m)
2 2 3 2
2 7 3 4 2
Cr O 3SO 8H 2Cr 3SO 4H O
+ +
+ + + +
b) Di chr omat e wi t h H
2
S i n aci d medi um
2 2 7 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2
K Cr O 4H SO K SO Cr (SO ) 4H O 3(O) + + + +

2 2
3H S 3(O) 3H O 3S + +
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
add:
2 2 7 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 3 2
K Cr O 4H SO 3H S K SO Cr (SO ) 7H O 3S + + + + +
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. Aci di fi ed K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Vs KI
KI -act s as a r educi ng agent and K
2
Cr
2
O
7
as t he oxi di zi ng agent
2 3
2 7 2 2
Cr O 6I 14H 2Cr 3I 7H O
+ +
+ + + +
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 4 < <
22. Aci di fi ed K
2
Cr
2
O
7
oxi di zes oxali c aci d t o CO
2
2 2 3
2 7 2 2
Cr O 3COO 14H 2Cr 7H O 6CO
|
COO
+ +
+ + + +
23. Sn
2+
i s oxi di zed t o Sn
4+
and also Sn i s oxi di zed t o Sn
4+
by aci di fi ed pot assi um di chro-
mat e
a)
2 2 3 4
2 7 2
14 3 2 3 7
+ + + +
+ + + + Cr O H Sn Cr Sn H O
b)
2 3 4
2 7 2
2Cr O 3Sn 28H 4Cr 3Sn 14H O
+ + +
+ + + +
24.
2 2 7 2 4 2 3 2
4K Cr O (s) 4K CrO Cr O 3O
A
+ +
Eq. mass of
2 2 7
M.Mass
K Cr O
3
=
25. H
2
O
2
act s bot h as an oxi di zi ng as well as a reduci ng i n bot h aci di c as well as alka-
li ne medi um and t he relevant react i ons are:
As Oxi di zi ng agent Reduci ng agent
a) aci di c medi um Aci di c as wel l as i n al kal i ne medi um
2 2 2
H O 2H 2e 2H O
+
+ +
b) al kal i ne medi um
2 2 2
H O O 2H 2e
+
+ +
2 2
O H H O 2e 3OH

+ + when i t act s as r educi ng agent t ot al oxygen i s
gi ven out by H
2
O
2
onl y
In al l t hese cases, t he equi val ent mass of
2 2
M.Mass 34
H O 17
2 2
= = =
26. H
2
O
2
Vs Cl
2
gas
when chl or i ne gas i s passed t hr ough H
2
O
2
, i t i s r educed t o a chl or i de
2 2 2
H O 2H O 2e
+
+ +
2
C 2H 2e 2HC
+
+ +
................................................. H
2
O
2
- r educi ng agnet
2 2 2 2
H O C 2HC O + + Cl
2
- oxi di zi ng agent
..................................................
meq of Cl
2
= meq of H
2
O
2
27. H
2
O
2
Vs SO
2
i n alkali ne medi um:
H
2
O
2
act s as an oxi di zi ng agent i n al kal i ne medi um and oxi di zes SO
2
t o
2
4
SO

as per t he
equat i on
(H
2
O
2
oxi di zes sul phi t es t o sul phat es)
2
2 2 2 4 2
SO H O 2OH SO 2H O( )

+ + +
Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
SO
2
=
; Eq. mass of
2 2
M.Mass
H O
2
=
Meq of SO
2

meq of H
2
O
2
28. H
2
O
2
Vs Sn
2+
H
2
O
2
i s r educed by Sn
2+
gi vi ng Sn
4+
and H
2
O: [H
2
O
2
i s t he oxi di zi ng agent ]
2 4
Sn Sn 2e
+ +
+
2 2 2
H O 2e 2H 2H O
+
+ +
...........................................................
2 4
2 2 2
H O Sn 2H Sn 2H O
+ + +
+ + +
............................................................
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 5 < <
29. a)
2 2 2 3 2
NH OH 3H O HNO 4H O + +
[NH
2
OH i s t he r educi ng agent and H
2
O
2
i s oxi di si ng agent ]
Eq.mass of hydr oxyl ami ne
M.Mass 33
5.5
6 6
= = =
and t hat of
2 2
M.Mass
H O
2
=
30. Hydrazi ne (N
2
H
4
) Vs Fe
3+
:
Fer r i c i r on oxi di zes hydr azi ne t o ni t r ogen (Hydr azi ne i s t he r educi ng agent )
2
2
2N N 4e

+
3 2
4Fe 4e 4Fe
+ +
+
...............................................
3 2 2
2
4Fe 2N 4Fe N
+ +
+ +
or
3 2
2 4 2
4 4 4
+ + +
+ + + Fe N H N Fe H
Eq. mass of hydr azi ne
M.Mass 32
8
4 4
= = =
31. Hydroxylami ne act s as a reduci ng agent and reduces ferri c i ron t o ferrous
3 2
2 2 2
4Fe 2NH OH N O H O 4Fe 4H
+ + +
+ + + +
Eq. mass of hydr oxyl ami ne
M.Mass 33
16.5
2 2
= = =
32. KI O
3
Vs KI i n aci d medi um:
KI act s as a r educi ng agent and KIO
3
oxi di zi ng agent
3 2 2
KIO 5KI 6HC 6KC 3I 3H O + + + +
(or )
3 2 2
IO 5I 6H 3I 3H O

+ + +
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
KIO
5
=
Eq. mass of KI = mol ecul ar mass
(Thi s i s al so an exampl e of compr opor t i onat i on r eact i on)
33. KCl O
3
Vs KI i n aci d medi um:
3 2 2
C O 6I 6H C 3I 3H O
+
+ + + +
KI ............r educi ng agent
KCl O
3
..................... as an oxi di zi ng agent
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
KC O
6
=
34. Chlorat e Vs Ferrous sulphat e i n aci d medi um
2 3
3 2
C O 6Fe 6H C 6Fe 3H O
+ + +
+ + + +
Eq. mass of chl or at e
M.Mass
6
=
and Eq. mass of FeSO
4
= Mol ecul ar Mass.
35. On passi ng chlori ne gas t hrough Fe
2+
solut i on, ferrous get s oxi di sed t o Ferri c
2 3
2
2 2 2
+ +
+ + C Fe C Fe
36. Chlorat e Vs SO
2
i n aci d medi um
3 2 2 2 4
C O 3SO 3H O C 3H SO

+ + +
Eq. mass
3
M.Mass
C O
6
=
, Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
SO
2
=
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 6 < <
37. HI O
3
Vs SO
2
:
SO
2
r educes HIO
3
t o fr ee i odi ne
3 2 2 2 4 2
2HIO 5SO 4H O H SO I + + +
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
HIO
5
=
Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
SO
2
=
38. CuSO
4
Vs KI
In t he absence of mi ner al aci ds, copper sul phat e oxi di zes i odi de t o fr ee i odi ne and
i t i s a quant i t at i ve r eact i on.
CuSO
4
i s t he oxi dat i ng agent and I
i s t he r educi ng agent
4 2 2 2 4 2
2CuSO 4KI Cu I 2K SO I + + +
or
2
2
2Cu 2I 2Cu I
+ +
+ +
Eq. mass of CuSO
4
= M. Mass
The l i ber at ed i odi ne can be t i t r at ed agai nst sodi um t hi osul phat e
Meq. of CuSO
4
= meq. of Iodi ne = meq. of sodi um t hi osul phat e
39. When H
2
S gas i s passed t hrough aqueous solut i on of I odi ne, free sulphur i s
formed
(i )
2 2
H S I 2HI S + + (i i )
2 2
H S Br S 2HBr + +
I
2
Oxi di ses H
2
S t o S Br
2
oxi di zes H
2
S t o sul phur .
40. Ni t ri c aci d oxi di zes H
2
S t o S on passi ng H
2
S t hrough ni t ri c aci d solut i on
3 2 2
2HNO 3H S 4H O 2NO 3S + + +
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
HNO
3
=
; Eq. mass
2
M.Mass
H S
2
=
41. Free i odi ne i s oxi di zed t o i odi c aci d by ni t ri c aci d
3 2 2 3 2
10HNO I 10NO 2HIO 4H O + + +
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
HNO
1
=
and Eq. mass of Iodi ne
atomicmass
5
=
42. Equi valent mass of HNO
3
(M.M = 63) i n t he followi ng react i on i s
3 3 2 2
3Cu 8HNO 3Cu(NO ) 2NO 4H O + + +
Ans :
8M 8 63
84
6 6
= =
Out of 8 ni t r ogens pr esent i n + 5 oxi dat i on st at e onl y t wo ar e under goi ng r educt i on
t o NO(ON :+2). Hence 6 el ect r ons ar e t r ansfer r ed out of 8 mol es
43. a) Ozone li berat es i odi ne from KI :
3 2 2 2
2KI O H O 2KOH I O + + + +
Eq. mass of
M.Mass
KI
1
=
and Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass 48
O
2 2
= =
Meq of O
3
= meq of KI
b) Ozone oxi di zes moi st i odi ne t o i odi c aci d
2 3 2 3 2
I 5O H O 2HIO 5O + + +
Eq. mass of Iodi ne =
atomicmass
5
and Eq. mass of Ozone =
M.Mass
2
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 7 < <
44. Carbon monoxi de cont ent i n ai r can be est i mat ed by i t s react i on wi t h I
2
O
5
li ber-
at i ng I odi ne as per t he equat i on:
2 5 2 2
5CO I O I 5CO + +
The l i ber at ed I odi ne i s t i t r at ed agai nst st andar d sodi um t hi osul phat e sol ut i on
2 2 3 2 2 4 6
2Na S O I Na S O 2NaI + +
Meq of Thi o
meq of I
2

meq of CO
Eq. mass of
M.Mass
CO
2
=
45. Equi valent mass of sodi um bromat e (NaBrO
3
) i n t he followi ng react i ons:
a)
3 2
BrO 6H 6e Br 3H O
+
+ + + and Eq. mass of
3
BrO
=
M.Mass
6
b)
3 2 2
2BrO 12H 10e Br 6H O
+
+ + +
Eq. mass =
M.Mass
5
46. Na
2
SeO
3
Vs KBrO
3
Sel eni t es whi ch ar e t he sal t s of sel eni ous aci d ar e oxi di xed t o sel enat es as per t he
equat i on :
2 2
3 3 4 2 2
SeO 2BrO 10H SeO Br 5H O
+
+ + + +
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
KBrO
5
=
and Eq. mass of
2 3
M.Mass
Na SeO
2
=
47.
3
BrO
Vs
2
AsO
: (Bromat e Vs Arseni t e)
3
3 2 2 4
BrO AsO H O Br AsO H
+
+ + + +
Eq. mass of
3
M.Mass
BrO
6
=
and Eq. mass of
2
M.Mass
AsO
2
=
48. Arseni ous oxi de i s used i n t he laborat ory for t he t i t rat i on agai nst i odi ne and t he
relevant react i on
2 3 2 2 2 5
As O 2I 2H O As O 4HI + + +
| |
3 3 2 2 3 4
H AsO I H O H AsO 2HI + + +
[ The t i t r at i on i s car r i ed out i n pr esence of sodi um bi car bonat e t hat neut r al i ses HI,
3 2 2
HI NaHCO NaI H O CO + + + ot her wi se HI wi l l under go di ssoci at i on t hat effect t he
t i t r at i on].
Eq. mass of
2 3
M.Mass
As O
4
=
and Eq. mass of Iodi ne =
Atomicmass
1
49. I n aci d medi um Na
2
HAsO
4
or As
2
O
5
li berat es I
2
from KI and t he li berat ed i odi ne
can be t i t rat ed agai nst sodi um t hi osulphat e
2 4 2 3 2 2
Na HAsO 2HI Na HAsO I H O + + +
Eq. mass of
2 4
M.Mass
Na HAsO
2
=
50. HCl

Vs NaOH [Neut rali zat i on t i t rat i on]
st r ong aci d Vs St r ong base and NaOH sol ut i on i n t he bur et t e
Indi cat or : Ei t her phenol pht hal ei n or met hyl or ange or any i ndi cat or t hat has a pH
r ange 4.3 t o 9.7
End poi nt wi t h phenol pht hal ei n : fr om col or l ess t o pi nk
End poi nt wi t h met hyl or ange : fr om or ange t o yel l ow
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 8 < <
51. Na
2
CO
3
Vs HCl [Neut rali zat i on]
Ther e ar e t wo st eps i n t hi s r eact i on
2 3 3
Na CO HC NaHCO NaC + +
3 2 2
NaHCO HC NaC H O CO + + +
.............................................................
2 3 2 2
Na CO 2HC 2NaC H O CO + + +
.............................................................
Eq. mass of
2 3
M.Mass
Na CO
2
=
Indi cat or : Met hyl or ange
HCl i n t he bur et t e
End poi nt : Fr om yel l ow t o or ange
52. Na
2
CO
3
Vs HCl
Indi cat or : Phenol pht hal ei n
HCl i n t he bur et t e
The t wo st eps ar e
2 3 3
...........( ) + + Na CO HC NaHCO NaCl i
2 3 2 2
Na HCO HC NaC CO H O + + + ........(i i )
when t he 1st st ep i s over t he pi nk col our of t he i ndi cat or di sappear s
i .e. NaHCO
3
i s an aci di c sal t and t he pH of t he sol ut i on decr eases by t he t i me t he 1st
st ep i s over and i t i s bel ow t he pH r ange of t he i ndi cat or phenol pht hal ei n (8.0 t o 10.2)
i .e. t he aci d HCl used cor r esponds t o hal f of Na
2
CO
3
. [NaHCO
3
behaves l i ke a weak
aci d t owar ds phenol phat hal ei n]
53. Sodi um hydroxi de Vs Oxali c aci d [ Neut rali zat i on]
NaOH sol ut i on i n t he bur et t e
Eq. mass of oxal i c aci d =
M.Mass
2
Indi cat or : It i s a weak aci d Vs st r ong base t i t r at i on
Hence phenol pht hal ei n i s used
End poi nt fr om col our l ess t o pi nk
54. a) Sodi um hydroxi de Vs monosodi um oxalat e
COONa
COOH
It i s a neut r al i zat i on t i t r at i on
2
NaOH COOH COONa H O + +
COONa COONa
Eq. mass of
2 4
M.Mass
C O HNa
1
=
(Ther e i s onl y one aci di c hydr ogen)
b) When
COONa
COOH
i s t i t r at ed agai nst aci di fi ed KMnO
4
, i t i s a r edox t i t r at i on.
Eq. mass of
COONa
COOH
=
M.Mass
2

COO
COO
2
2
2 2

+ CO e
C h e mi s t r y > > 1 9 < <
55. Equi valent mass of Ferrous oxalat e as a reduci ng agent
3
2 4 2
FeC O Fe 2CO 3e
+
+ +
one mol e of Fer r ous oxal at e gi ves out t hr ee mol es of el ect r ons
Eq. mass of fer r ous oxal at e =
molecular mass
3
Not e: As a sal t one mol e of Fer r ous sul phat e cor r esponds t o t wo equi val ent s
56. Equi valent mass of Ferri c oxalat e as a reduci ng agent
Fer r i c oxal at e : ( )
2
Fe COO
6
Fer r i c i on does not under go fur t her oxi dat i on . Onl y oxal at e i on under goes oxi da-
t i on
COO
COO
2
2
6CO 6e
+
3
Ever y one mol ecul e of fer r i c oxal at e gi ves out si x el ect r ons
Eq. mass of Fer r i c oxal at e =
molecular mass
6
Not e: As a sal t one mol e of fer r i c oxal at e cor r esponds t o si x equi val ent s
Di sproport i on React i on and Calculat i on of equi valent masses:
It i s a t ype of chemi cal r eact i on i n whi ch same compound i s si mul t aneousl y r e-
duced as wel l as oxi di zed
Eg:-
2
2CuC Cu CuC +
Thi s r eact i on i nvol ves oxi dat i on of one mol ecul e
2
Cu Cu e
+ +
+
and r educt i on of t he ot her
Cu e Cu
+
+
57. HCHO di spr opor t i onat es i n pr esence of OH
as:
_
OH
3
2HCHO HCOO CH OH
+
0 2
C C 2e
+
+
0 2
C 2e C

+
Ther e ar e t wo car bon at oms i nvol ved and t hey have exchanged t wo el ect r ons.
Eq: mass of HCHO =
2 M.Mass of HCHO
M.Mass
2
=
58. The react i on of chlori ne wi t h hot and concent rat ed solut i on of NaOH or KOH [an
al kali ]
2 3 2
3C 6OH 5C C O 3H O

+ + +
5
C C 5e (ox)
+
+
5C 5e 5C (r ed)

+
Eq: mass
6 at mass of chl ori ne 6 35.5
no.of el ect r ons exchanged 5

= =
3 M.Mass of chl or i ne 6 71

= =
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 0 < <
59.
OH 2
4 2 4
3MnO MnO 2MnO

+
Eq:- mass of manganat e
3 M.Mass 3 M.Mass

= =
60. Avai lable oxygen:
What i s meant of Avai l abl e oxygen i n Pyr ol usi t e?
Ans: The vol ume of oxygen whi ch MnO
2
l i ber at es when heat ed wi t h conc. H
2
SO
4
i s cal l ed
avai l abl e oxygen.
2 2 4 4 2 2
2MnO 2H SO 2MnSO 2H O O + + +
Ever y one mol e of oxygen i s gi ven by t wo mol es of MnO
2
.
i .e. 87g MnO
2
gi ves 16g oxygen. Based on t he amount of oxygen l i ber at ed when pyr ousi t e
i s heat ed wi t h conc. H
2
SO
4
, MnO
2
cont ent i n pyr ol usi t e can be cal cul at ed.
61. Hg
5
, (I O
6
)
2
mercuri c i odat e when t i t rat ed wi t h KI i n aci d medi um li berat es I odi ne
and t he li berat ed I odi ne i s t i t rat ed agai nst sodi um t hi osulphat e.
5 6 2 2 4 2 2
Hg (IO ) 34KI 24HC 5K HgI 8I 2KC 12H O + + + + +
2 2 2 3 2 4 6
[I 2Na S O 2NaI Na S O ] 8 + +
1 mol e of Hg
5
(IO
6
)
2
= 8 mol es of I
2
= 16 mol es of Na
2
S
2
O
3
.
62. Avai lable Chlori ne:
It i s t hat much amount of chl or i ne whi ch l i ber at es an equi val ent quant i t y of Iodi ne
fr om KI when bl eachi ng powder i s suspended i n wat er or i n an aci d.
2 2 2 2
CaOC H O Ca(OH) C + +
or
2 3 3 2 2 2
2 ( ) + + + CaOC CH COOH CH COO Ca H O C et c.
Fr om t he amount of chl or i ne l i ber at ed, per cent age of avai l abl e chl or i ne i n bl eachi ng
powder can be cal cul at ed.
63. St rengt h of solut i on (g/ L) = Molari t y Molar mass
64. St rengt h of t he solut i on (g/ L) = Normali t y Eq. mass
65. Normali t y Eq. mass = molari t y Molecular mass
******
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 1 < <
Assignment 1
Solve The Following (short answer quest ions):-
1. Cal cul at e t he number of equi val ent s pr esent i n
a) 0.5L of 0.2N b) 1.5L of 4.5N sol ut i on
c) 0.5L of 0.4N sol ut i on d) 5L of 0.5N sol ut i on
Ans: (a) 0.1, b) 6.75, c) 0.2, d) 2.5
2. 100mL of 0.1N HCl , 200m of 0.2N HCl and 200mL of 0.3N H
2
SO
4
ar e mi xed t oget her
what i s t he r esul t i ng nor mal i t y of t he sol ut i on ?
Ans :0.22N
3. 10mL of 0.5N HCl and 20mL of 0.4M H
2
SO
4
ar e mi xed t oget her and t he t ot al vol ume
made t o one l i t r e. What i s t he fi nal nor mal i t y of t he sol ut i on ? What i s t he conc. of
sul phat e i on ?
Ans : 0.021N & 0.008 M
4. H
2
SO
4
sol ut i on has a densi t y of 1.198g / mL and i t i s 27.0% by mass. Cal cul at e nor mal i t y,
mol ar i t y and mol al i t y
Ans :N = 6.6 and M = 3.3
5. The mol al i t y of a sol ut i on of acet one i n wat er i s 1.64. How many gr ams of acet one ar e
di ssol ved i n 3.5kg of wat er ?
Ans :332.92 g
6. What mass of KNO
3
must be wei ghed t o make 100 mL of an aqueous sol ut i on cont ai ni ng
0.79mg of K
+
per mL
Ans :0.203 g
7. It i s r equi r ed t o pr epar e 26% by mass of aqueous sol ut i on of Ca(OH)
2
. How many gr ams
of each i s r equi r ed ?
Ans :74g of wat er and 26g of Ca(OH)
2
8. Cal cul at e t he vol ume i n mL of FeSO
4
. 7H
2
O sol ut i on cont ai ni ng 16.68g i n 500mL
r equi r ed t o r educe 1.58 g of KMnO
4
i n aci d medi um
Ans :416.6 mL
9. A sol ut i on i s a mi xt ur e of sul phur i c aci d and oxal i c aci d. 25mL of t hi s sol ut i on r equi r ed
41.66mL of 0.12N base for neut r al i zat i on. Al so 25mL of t hi s sol ut i on r equi r ed 62.5mL
of 0.02N KMnO
4
for oxi dat i on. Cal cul at e t he i ndi vi dual nor mal i t i es of H
2
SO
4
and oxal i c
aci d. Al so cal cul at e t he mass of each aci d pr esent per l i t r e.
Ans : H
2
SO
4
= 0.1N & oxal i c aci d = 0.05N
10. What vol ume of 95% al cohol by mass (d = 0.809g/ mL) must be used t o pr epar e 150mL
of 30.0% by mass of al cohol (d = 0.957 g/ mL)
Ans : 56.0 cm
3
11. 10.0 mL of sul phur i c aci d of densi t y of 1.85 g/ mL ar e di l ut ed t o one Li t er and 10mL of
t hi s sol ut i on r equi r ed 34.65mL of deci -nor mal sodi um hydr oxi de sol ut i on for t i t r at i on.
Fi nd t he per cent age by mass of t he or i gi nal sol ut i on of H
2
SO
4
.
Ans :91.77%
12. What vol ume i n mL of KMnO
4
sol ut i on cont ai ni ng 7.9g i n one l i t r e wi l l oxi di ze compl et el y
t he oxal i c aci d pr esent i n 125 mL of 0.1 M oxal i c aci d ?
Ans : 100 mL
13. What vol umes of 12N and 1.5M H
2
SO
4
must be mi xed t o gi ve 4L of 4.5N sol ut i on ?
Ans :0.67L of 12N HCl and 3.33L of 1.5M H
2
SO
4
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 2 < <
14. Fi nd t he equi val ent mass of H
3
PO
4
as per t he fol l owi ng r eact i on:
2 3 4 4 2
( ) 2 + + Ca OH H PO CaHPO H O [M.Mass of H
3
PO
4
i s M]
Ans :
.
2
M Mass
15. 12.6g HNO
3
, 8g of NaOH and 3.7g of Ca(OH)
2
ar e di ssol ved i n wat er and t he sol ut i on i s
made t o 500 mL. Fi nd out whet her t he sol ut i on i s aci di c or basi c. What woul d be t he
conc. w.r .t . i t ?
Ans : Sol ut i on i s Basi c 0.2N
16. a) 0.5g of met al on combust i on for med onl y one oxi de of mass 0.666g. What i s t he
equi val ent mass of t he met al ?
b) 0.24g of met al on oxi dat i on for ms 0.4g of t he met al oxi de. What i s t he equi val ent
mass of t he met al ?
Ans :a) 24 b) 12
17. Cal cul at e t he mol ar i t y, mol al i t y and mol e fr act i on of et hyl al cohol i n a sol ut i on of t ot al
vol ume of 95mL obt ai ned by mi xi ng 50mL et hyl al cohol and 50mL wat er . Densi t y of
wat er = 1.0 g/ mL and t hat al cohol i s 0.789g/ mL
Ans : M = 9.1 ; m = 17; x = 0.23
18. What vol ume of ammoni a gas at NTP i s t o be passed t hr ough 10 mL of 0.8N H
2
SO
4
for
compl et e neut r al i sat i on ?
Ans :179.2 mL
19. Cal cul at e t he mass of MnO
2
t hat i s r educed by 50 mL 0.08N oxal i c aci d i n pr esence of
di l ut e H
2
SO
4
? The unbal anced equat i on :
2
2 2 2 4 2 2
+ +
+ + + + MnO H H C O CO H O Mn
Ans :0.174 g
20. Cal cul at e t he mass of KMnO
4
t o be di ssol ved i n 250mL of t he sol ut i on so t hat one mL i s
equi val ent t o 5.00mg of i r on i n FeSO
4
(M Mass: 152)
Ans :0.707g
21. The densi t y of 4.0 M sol ut i on of acet i c aci d (M. M : 60) i n wat er i s 1.24 g/ mL. Cal cul at e
t he mol e fr act i on of acet i c aci d.
Ans : 0.0672
22. Der i ve t he for mul a for t he vol ume of wat er V
2
, whi ch must be added t o V
1
mL of a
concent r at ed sol ut i on of mol ar i t y M
1
t o gi ve a sol ut i on of concent r at i on M
2
Ans :
1 1 2
2
2
( )
=
V M M
V
M
23. What vol ume of hydr ogen at NTP i s needed t o r educe 125g of MoO
3
t o pur e met al ?
At . mass of Mo = 96
Ans :58.3L
24. What i s t he mol ar i t y of H
3
PO
4
sol ut i on 40mL of whi ch i s neut r al i zed by 120mL of
0.321N NaOH ?
Ans : 0.321 M
25. Cal cul at e t he vol ume i n mL of 0.5M H
2
SO
4
r equi r ed t o r eact wi t h 0.5g of CuCO
3
.
Ans : 8.097mL
26. The mol al i t y of 1M sol ut i on of sodi um ni t r at e i s 0.858 mol / kg. What i s t he densi t y of
t he sol ut i on ? (M. M of NaNO
3
= 85.0)
Ans :1.249 g/ mL
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 3 < <
27. I f 32.5 mL of 0.26N st andar d base neut r al i ses 1.2g of a di basi c aci d, what i s t he
mol ecul ar mass of t he aci d ?
Ans : 284
28. A sampl e of Na
2
CO
3
. H
2
O wei ghi ng 0.62g i s added t o 100mL of 0.1N sul phur i c aci d. Wi l l
t he sol ut i on be aci di c, al kal i ne or neut r al ?
Ans :Neut r al
29. Show t hat mol ar i t y (M) and mol al i t y (m) of a sol ut i on ar e r el at ed by
1
1000
(
= +
(

W
d M
m
wher e d densi t y of sol ut i on i n g/ mL; W mol ecul ar mass of sol ut e.
30. What vol ume of conc. H
2
SO
4
[d = 1.835g / mL] of 93.2% by mass i s r equi r ed t o make up
t o 500mL of 3.0N aci d ?
Ans : 43.48mL
31. Cal cul at e t he number of mol ecul es of H
2
SO
4
pr esent i n 250mL of 98% by mass of
sul phur i c sol ut i on. Densi t y of sol ut i on i s 1.84 g/ mL
Ans : 4.6 N
0
32. 0.5g of f umi ng H
2
SO
4
i s di l ut ed wi t h wat er . When i t i s t r i t r at ed agai nst NaOH, i t
r equi r ed 26.7ml of 0.4N sol ut i on for i t s compl et e neut r al i zat i on. What i s t he per cent age
of fr ee SO
3
i n t he sampl e of OLEUM.
Ans : 20.8%
33. One mol e of SO
2
Cl
2
i s di ssol vel d i n wat er and t he aci di c sol ut i on for med i s neut r al i sed
by Ca(OH)
2
Fi nd t he number of mol es of Ca(OH)
2
r equi r ed for compl et e neut r al i zat i on
of t he aci ds for med.
Ans : 2
34. One l i t r e of 0.2M NaOH, when exposed t o ai r has absor bed 25 m mol es of CO
2
for mi ng
Na
2
CO
3
. Fi nd t he concent r at i on of NaOH and Na
2
CO
3
i n t he r esul t i ng sol ut i on.
Ans: NaOH: 0.15M, Na
2
CO
3
: 0.025M
Assi gnment - I I
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATI VE(si ngl e opt i on)
01. The nor mal i t y of 15 V Hydr ogen per oxi de sol ut i on i s
1) 1.2 2) 1.78 3) 2.673 4) 3.56
02. In t he r eact i on
4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4
2 5 2 2 2 + + + + KMnO SO H O K SO MnSO H SO
t he equi val ent mass of
2
SO i s (M.Mass:64)
1) 8 2) 16 3) 32 4) 64
03.
2
2 2 2 2 2
4 2 , MnO H O H Mn H O O
+ +
+ + + + t he r educi ng agent i s
1)
2
MnO 2)
2 2
H O 3)
H
+
4) None
04.
2
4 2 3 2 3 4
6 5 12 9 4 10
+ +
+ + + + MnO As O H H O Mn H AsO
The equi val ent mass of
2 3
As O i s
1)
.
4
M Mass
2)
.
5
M Mass
3)
.
2
M Mass
4)
.
1
M Mass
05.
3 4
H PO i s a t r i basi c aci d and one of i t s sal t s i s
2 4
NaH PO . The vol ume of 1.0N
NaOH
needed t o conver t 24 g of
2 4
[ . :120] NaH PO M Mass exact l y i nt o
3 4
Na PO i s
1) 400 ml 2) 300 ml 3) 200 ml 4) 100 ml
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 4 < <
06. The mass of one at om of a di val ent met al i s
23
6.664 10
. The equi val ent mass of t he

met al i s
1) 40 2) 30 3) 20 4) 10
07. 0.75g of a met al combi nes wi t h oxygen t o for m 1.0g of t he met al oxi de. The equi val ent
mass of t he met al i s:
1) 12 2) 24 3) 36 4) 48
08. 0.135g of a t r i val ent met al l i ber at es 168mL of Hydr ogen measur ed at NTP when
r eact ed wi t h di l HCI. The at omi c mass of t he met al :
1) 27 2) 18.0 3) 9.0 4) 24
09. The number of mol es of fer r ous oxal at e r equi r ed t o r eact wi t h 94.8g of
4
KMnO i n
pr esence of di l
2 4 4
[ . 158] H SO M M of KMnO =
1) 2.5 2) 1.0 3) 5.0 4) 7.5
10.
4
KMnO act s as an oxi di zi ng agent i n neut r al medi um and oxi di zes sodi um t hi osul phat e
as per t he equat i on
2 2 3 4 2 2 4 2 2 4
3 8 3 8 5 2 Na S O KMnO H O Na SO MnO K SO KOH + + + + +
If t he mol ecul ar mass of sodi um t hi osul phat e i s 248, mass of hypo needed t o pr epar e
500 mL of 0.2N sol ut i on
1) 31.0g 2) 4.65g 3) 3.1g 4) 24.8 g
11. The mol ecul ar mass of
3 4
H PO i s 98 and t hat of
2
( ) Mg OH i s 58. The mass of phosphor i c
aci d r equi r ed t o neut r al i se 7.25g of magnesi um hydr oxi de :
1) 32.66g 2) 16.33g 3) 8.165g 4) 14.5g
12. The nor mal i t y and mol ar i t y of per hydr ol ar e
1) 8.91 and 26.73 2) 17.82 and 8.91 3) 26.73 and 17.824) 26.73 and 8.91
13. In hot al kal i ne medi um
2
Br di spr opor t i onat es as per t he equat i on
2 3 2
3 6 5 3 . Br OH Br BrO H O

+ + +
The equi val ent mass of
2
Br , i f i t s mol ecul ar mass i s
' ' M
1)
2
M
2)
3
M
3)
3
5
M
4)
5
3
M
14. Obser ve t he r eact i on
3 4 2 4 2
( ) 2 H PO Ca OH CaHPO H O + + . Pi ck out t he wr ong st at ement
1) Equi val ent mass of
3 4
H PO i s 49
2) The r esul t i ng mi xt ur e needs 1 mol e of
KOH
for compl et e neut r al i zat i on
3)
4
CaHPO i s an aci di c sal t
4) One mol e of
2
( ) Ca OH i s neut r al i zed by hal f a mol e of
3 4
H PO
2 4 4 2
H SO NaOH NaHSO H O + + . The equi val ent mass of
2 4
H SO i s
1)
.
2
M Mass
2)
.
4
M Mass
3)
.
1
M Mass
4)
. 2
3
M Mass
16. Densi t y of or gani c sol vent i s 0.8 g/ mL and 100mL of t he sol vent i s made t o one l i t r e
by addi ng wat er of densi t y 1g/ mL. If t he mol ecul ar mass of or gani c sol vent i s 40, t he
mol al i t y i s
1) 1.0 2) 2.2 3) 3.3 4) 4.4
17. Two aci ds
2 4
H SO and
3 4
H PO ar e neut r al i sed by t he same amount of al k al i when
sul phat e and di hydr ogen phosphat e ar e for med r espect i vel y. The r at i o bet ween t he
number of mol es of t wo aci ds
1) 1:2 2) 2:3 3) 1:3 4) 3:1
18. 42 mL of 0.5N KOH ar e needed t o neut r al i se 1.0g of t he aci d pr esent i n 100mL of
sol ut i on. If t he aci d i s di basi c, t he mol ecul ar mass of t he aci d i s
1) 95.2 2) 119 3) 47.6 4) 142.85
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 5 < <
19. The number of mol es of
4
MnO
t hat wi l l r eact wi t h one mol e of oxal i c aci d i n aci d

medi um
1) 0.2 2) 0.4 3) 0.6 4) 1.67
20. The mol ecul ar mass of
4
KMnO i s
M
. I t s equi val ent mass when i t i s conver t ed i nt o
2 4
K MnO .i n basi c medi um
1)
M
2)
3
M
3)
2
3
M
4)
2
M
21. The number of mi l l i mol es pr esent i n 1.5L of 0.3N
3 4
H PO
1) 150 2) 45 3) 450 4) 90
22. The equi val ent mass of a t r i val ent met al i s 3.50. The mol ecul ar mass of i t s chl or i de
(at .mass of chl or i ne : 35.5)
1) 46.0 2) 81.5 3) 152.5 4) 117.0
23. Cupr i c i on r eact s wi t h Iodi de as per t he equat i on:
2
2 2 2
2 4 .
+
+ + Cu I Cu I I The equi val ent
mass of copper as per t hi s r eact i on
1)
.
2
At mass
2)
.
1
At mass
3)
.
3
At mass
4)
.
4
At mass
24. The number of mol es of
4
KMnO needed t o oxi di se t wo mol es of Fer r ous t o Fer r i c i n
aci d medi um
1) 2 mol es 2) 1 mol es 3) 0.4 mol e 4) 0.04 mol e
25. I n a met al chl or i de, t he mass of met al and chl or i ne ar e i n t he r at i o of 1:2. The
equi val ent mass of t he met al i s
1) 35.5 2) 17.75 3) 71.5 4) 106.5
26. 6L of 1N
HCl
and 4L of 2N
HCl
ar e mi xed t o get 10L of t he r esul t i ng sol ut i on. The
nor mal i t y of t he r esul t i ng sol ut i on i s
1) 6.0N 2) 7.0 3) 1.4 4) 8.2
27.
2 2 7 2 4 2 3 2
4 4 2 3 . K Cr O K CrO Cr O O
A
+ + The equi val ent mass of
2 2 7
K Cr O i s
1)
.
2
M Mass
2)
.
3
M Mass
3)
.
1
M Mass
4)
.
4
M Mass
28. The equi val ent mass of any subst ance i s t hat much amount t hat combi nes wi t h
1) 0.5 mol e of oxgen 2) 0.25 mol e of oxygen
3) 2.0g of hydr ogen 4) one mol e of chl or i ne
29. One gr am of a met al oxi de i s r educed t o 0.67g of met al . The equi val ent mass of t he
met al i s
1) 34 2) 16 3) 68 4) 32
30. The mass of 8.0g of a met al on compl et e combust i on has i ncr eased by 40%. The
equi val ent mass of t he met al
1) 28 2) 32 3) 40 4) 20
31. The number of equi val ent s t hat one mol e of
2
H S cor r esponds t o when i t i s conver t ed
t o
2
SO i s
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8
32. For a gi ven mi xt ur e of
3
NaHCO and
2 3
, Na CO vol of
HCl
r equi r ed i s
' ' X
mL wi t h
phenol pht hal ei n as i ndi cat or and a fur t her
' ' Y
mL i s r equi r ed usi ng met hyl or ange.
Hence vol of
HCl
r equi r ed t o neut r al i se onl y
3
NaHCO i s
1) 2x 2) x/ 2 3) y x 4) ( 2 ) y x
33. A gi ven mi xt ur e of
NaOH
and
2 3
Na CO r equi r ed
' ' X
mL of
HCl
usi ng phenol pht hal ei n
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 6 < <
as i ndi cat or and a fur t her
' ' Y
mL usi ng met hyl or ange as i ndi cat or . The vol . of
HCl
needed for t he neut r al i sat i on of onl y
NaOH
i s
1) 2 y x 2) 2 x y 3) x y 4) 2x y
34. A mi xt ur e of
NaOH
and
3
NaHCO r equi r ed
' ' X
mL of
HCl
usi ng phenol pht hal ei n as
i ndi cat or and a f u r t her
' ' Y
mL u si ng met hyl or ange. The vol . of
HCl
f or t he
neut r al i zat i on of
3
NaHCO onl y.
1)
X
2)
Y
3)
X Y
4)
Y X
35. The mol al i t y of
2 4
H SO sol ut i on i s 9. The mass of
2 4
H SO pr esent i n 1000g of
2 4
H SO
sol ut i on
1) 882g 2) 9.0g 3) 900g 4) 468.65g
36. One mol ar sol ut i on of
3 2
H PO cor r esponds t o 2N when
1) i t i s neut r al i sed t o for m
2 2
H PO
2) i t i s oxi di sed t o
3 3
H PO
3) i t i s r educed t o
3
PH 4) i t di spr opor t i onal t o
3 3
H PO and
3
PH
37.
4
KMnO and
2 2
H O bot h wi l l l i ber at e Iodi ne fr om an Iodi de i n aci d medi um. 0.5 mol e of
4
KMnO and one mol e of
2 2
H O ar e separ at el y t r eat ed wi t h excess of an Iodi de i n aci d
medi um. The mass of i odi ne l i ber at ed i s
1) Mor e by
4
KMnO 2) Less by
4
KMnO
3) Equal i n bot h t he cases 4) Dat a i s Insuffi ci ent
38. The number of mi l l i equi val ent s of
2
Na S pr esent i n 250mL of 0.048M sol ut i on when i t
act s as a r educt i ng agent as per t he equat i on.
2 2
4 2
8 4 8 OH S SO H O e

+ + +
1) 24 2) 48 3) 96 4) 192
39. The mol ar i t y of
3
NO
i on i n t he r esul t i ng sol ut i on when 2L of 3M

3
AgNO and 3L of 1M
2
BaCl ar e mi xed.
1) 1.2M 2) 1.8M 3) 0.4 4) 0.5
40. 9.8g of
2 4
H SO and 4.0g of
NaOH
ar e t aken t oget her i n a vol umet r i c fl ask and sol ut i on
i s made up t o one l i t r e. The r esul t i ng sol ut i on i s
1) 0.1M w.r .t
NaOH
2) 0.1M w.r .t
2 4
H SO
3) 0.1N w.r .t
2 4
H SO 4) 0.05N w.r .t
NaOH
41. I n t he r eact i on
2 2 2 2
4 2 , MnO HCl MnCl Cl H O + + + t he equi val ent mass of
2
MnO i s
( . 87) M Mass =
1) 87 2) 43.5 3) 29 4) 21.75
2 2 2
2 3 2 , SO H S S H O + + t he equi val ent mass of
2
SO and
2
H S ar e
1) 64 and 34 2) 32 and 17 3) 16 and 17 4) 32 and 34
43. The equi val ent mass of
2 4
H SO i n t he fol l owi ng r eact i on: (M.M. of
2 4
H SO : 98)
2
2 4 2 2
8 4 4 4 H H SO Zn H S Zn H O
+ +
+ + + +
1) 98 2) 49 3) 24.5 4) 12.25
44. As per t he r eact i on
2 4 2 2
8 8 4 , H H SO e H S H
+
+ + +
t he mol ar i t y of 4N
2 4
H SO i s
1) 2.0 2) 1.0 3) 0.5 4) 4.0
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 7 < <
Key
(1) 3 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1 (5) 1 (6) 3 (7) 2 (8) 1 (9) 2 (10) 3 (11) 3
(12) 2 (13) 3 (14) 4 (15) 3 (16) 2 (17) 1 (18) 1 (19) 2 (20) 1 (21) 1 (22) 4
(23) 2 (24) 3 (25) 2 (26) 3 (27) 2 (28) 2 (29) 2 (30) 4 (31) 3 (32) 3 (33) 3
(34) 2 (35) 4 (36) 2 (37) 1 (38) 3 (39) 1 (40) 3 (41) 2 (42) 3 (43) 4 (44) 3
Assignment I I I
Subject ive Quest ion along wit h solut ions:-
1. A mi xt ur e of pur e K
2
Cr
2
O
7
and KMnO
4
wei ghi ng 0.84g was t r eat ed wi t h excess of KI
i n aci di c medi um. The I odi ne l i ber at ed r equi r ed 120mL of 0. 15 M of sodi um
t hi osul phat e. What i s t he per cent age of each i n t he mi xt ur e ?
Solut i on:-
Out of 0.84g mi xt ur e of K
2
Cr
2
O
7
& KMnO
4
, x g i s K
2
Cr
2
O
7
KMnO
4
= (0.84 - x)
x 1000 (0.84 x)
120 0.15
49 316

+ =
On sol vi ng, % K
2
Cr
2
O
7
= 90.8
2. 2.8g of an ammoni um sal t was heat ed wi t h excess of NaOH sol ut i on and t he evol ved
gas i s passed i nt o 150mL of 0.25M H
2
SO
4
. The l eft out aci d r equi r ed 63.0 mL of 0.5 N
NaOH for compl et e neut r al i sat i on. Cal cul at e t he per cent age of ammoni a i n t he sal t .
Solut i n:-
H
2
SO
4
t aken = 150 0.25 2 = 75 meq
NaOH used for excess of H
2
SO
4
= 63 0.5 = 31.5 meq
meq of H
2
SO
4
r eact ed wi t h NH
3
= meq of NH
3
l i ber at ed
[ Ammon i u m sal t r el eases ammn i a gas wh en r eact ed wi t h an al k al i :
2 3
4
NH OH H O NH
+
+ + ]
meq of NH
3
= 75 - 31.5 = 43.5
% NH
3
= 26.4
3. 12.53 mL of 0.0509 M SeO
2
r eact ed wi t h 25.52mL of 0.1M Cr SO
4
sol ut i on. I n t he
r eact i on chr omi um i s oxi di sed t o Cr
3+
. To what oxi dat i on st at e sel eni um i s conver t ed
i n t he r eact i on ? Wr i t e t he r edox change for t he SeO
2
Solut i on:
Equat i ng t he number of meq:
25.52 0.1 1 = 12.53 0.0509 Z, wher e Z i s t he val ence fact or of sel eni um
val ence fact or of Cr SO
4
i s one
25.53 0.1
Z 4
12.53 0.0509
= =
4 0
Se 4e Se
+
+
sel eni um goes t o zer o oxi dat i on st at e
4. One l i t r e of mi xt ur e of O
2
and O
3
at STP was al l owed t o r eact wi t h an excess of
acdi fi ed sol ut i on of KI. The i odi ne l i ber at ed r equi r ed 40mL of M/ 10 sodi um t hi osul phat e
sol ut i on. What i s t he mass per cent age of ozone i n t he mi xt ur e ? Ul t r avi ol et r adi at i on
of wavel engt h 300nm can decompose ozone. Assumi ng t hat one phot on can decom-
pose one mol ecul e of ozone how many phot ons woul d have been r equi r ed for t he
compl et e decomposi t i on of ozone i n t he or i gi nal mi xt ur e ?
Solut i on:- Tot al vol ume of O
2
and O
3
= 1000 mL at NTP
meq O
3

meq I
2

meq t hi o = 40 0.1 = 4
vol equi val ent of O
3
= 11, 200 mL
1000 meq 11, 200 mL
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 8 < <
Hence vol ume t hat cor r esponds t o 4 meq
11200 4
44.8 mL
1000
= =
% mass of O
3
i n t he mi xt ur e = 6.44g
no. of phot ons no of ozone mol ecul es i n 44.8 mL at NTP
1.2 10
21
5. 25mL of a sol ut i on of Na
2
CO
3
havi ng speci fi c gr avi t y of 1.25 g / mL r equi r ed 32.9 mL of
a sol ut i on of HCl cont ai ni ng 109.5g of t he aci d per l i t r e for compl et e neut r al i sat i on.
Cal cul at e t he vol ume of 0.84N H
2
SO
4
t hat wi l l be compl et el y neut r al i sed by 125g of
Na
2
CO
3
sol ut i on
Solut i on:
Nor mal i t y of HCl =
109.5
3
36.5
=
32.9 3 = 25 N and N of Na
2
CO
3
=
32.9 3
3.948
25
=
125g of Na
2
CO
3
sol ut i on =
125
100mL
1.25
=
vol . of H
2
SO
4
=
3.948 100
470
0.84
= mL
6. A sol ut i on cont ai ns a mi xt ur e of sul phur i c aci d and oxal i c aci d 25mL sol ut i on r e-
qui r ed 35.5mL of 0.1M NaOH for neut r al i sat i on and anot her 25mL sol ut i on r equi r ed
23.45mL of 0.02M KMnO
4
for t he oxi dat i on of oxal i c aci d. Cal cul at e t he mol ar i t y of t he
sol ut i on w.r .t . sul phur i c aci d and oxal i c aci d.
Solut i on:
Tot al no. of meq of H
2
SO
4
and oxal i c aci d = 35.5 0.1 = 3.55
meq of oxal i c aci d = 23.45 0.1 = 2.345
meq of H
2
SO
4
= 3.55 2.345 = 1.205
N of H
2
SO
4
= 0.0482

0.0241M
N of oxal i c aci d =
2.345
0.0938 0.0465M
25
=
7. To a 25mL of H
2
O
2
sol ut i on, excess of aci di fi ed sol ut i on of pot assi um i odi de was
added. The i odi ne l i ber at ed r equi r ed 20 mL of 0.3N sol ut i on t hi osul phat e sol ul t i on.
Cal cul at e t he vol ume st r engt h of hydr ogen per oxi de sol ut i on.
Solut i on:
meq of H
2
O
2
i n 25 mL meq of I
2
meq of t hi o = 20 0.3 = 60
Nor mal i t y of H
2
O
2

6
0.24
25
= =
1.782 N H
2
O
2
10V
Hence vol ume st r engt h of 0.24N H
2
O
2

1.347V
8. In basi c sol ut i on Cr O
4
2
oxi di ses S
2
O
3
2
t o
2
4
SO

for mi ng ( )
4
Cr OH

. How many mi l l i l i t r es
of 0.15M Na
2
Cr O
4
sol ut i on ar e r equi r ed t o j ust r eact wi t h 50.0 mL of 0.25M Na
2
S
2
O
3
sol ut i on.
Solut i on:
Oxi dat i on number of chr omi um, decr eases fr om +6 t o +3 whi l e t hat of sul phur i n-
C h e mi s t r y > > 2 9 < <
cr eases fr om +2 t o +6
0.15 3 V = 50 0.25 8
Hence vol ume of Na
2
Cr O
4
sol ut i on
50 0.25 8
222.2 mL
0.15 3

= =
9. Ten gr ams of a sampl e of bl eachi ng powder i s ext r act ed wi t h wat er and t he sol ut i on
i s made t o one l i t r e. 25mL of t hi s sol ut i on i s added t o 50mL of N/ 14 Mohr s sal t
sol ut i on cont ai ni ng enough H
2
SO
4
. Aft er t he r eact i on, t he whol e sol ut i on r equi r ed 22
mL of KMnO
4
sol ut i on cont ai ni ng 2.257g of KMnO
4
i n one l i t er for compl et e oxi dat i on.
Cal cul at e t he per cent age of avai l abl e chl or i ne i n t he sampl e of bl eachi ng powder
Gi ven :
2 3
2
C 2Fe 2C 2Fe
+ +
+ +
2
4 2
MnO 8H 5e Mn 4H O
+ +
+ + +
Solut i on:-
N of KMnO
4
=
2.257
0.0714
31.6
=
meq of KMnO
4
= 0.0714 22 = 1.571
Tot al meq of mohr s sal t =
1
50 3.571
14
=
meq of chl or i ne l i ber at ed
meq of Mohr s sal t ut i l i zed

= 3.571 1.571 = 2.0
2000 meq of chl or i ne
71g and hence mass of 2 meq of chl or i ne = 0.071g

Mass of chl or i ne gi ven by 10g bl eachi ng powder =
0.071 1000
2.84g
25
=
Avai l abl e chl or i ne = 2.84 10 = 28.4 %
10. One l i t r e of an aci di fi ed sol ut i on of KMnO
4
cont ai ni ng 15.8 g of KMnO
4
i s decol our i sed
by passi ng SO
2
gas. If SO
2
i s pr oduced by heat i ng i r on pyr i t es (FeS
2
), what woul d be
t he mass of i r on pyr i t es r equi r ed t o pr oduce t he necessar y amount of SO
2
gas ?
Solut i on:-
meq of KMnO
4

meq SO
2

15.8 1000
500
31.6
= =
500 meq of SO
2

16g
2 2 2 3 2
4FeS 11O 2Fe O 8SO + +
one mol e of FeS
2
(120g) on heat i ng gi ves 2 mol es of SO
2
(124g)
Mass of FeS
2
r equi r ed t o gi ve 16g of SO
2
= 15 g
11. Cal cul at e t he vol ume of HNO
3
(speci fi c gr avi t y 1.08) cont ai ni ng 9.0% by mass of t he
aci d r equi r ed t o oxi di se t he i r on i n 2.0 g of FeSO
4
. 7H
2
O (M.M. 278) i n pr esence of
di l ut e sul phur i c aci d as per t he equat i on. Al so what i s t he equi val ent mass of HNO
3
Gi ven:
4 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
6 2 3 3 ( ) 2 4 + + + + FeSO HNO H SO Fe SO NO H O
Solut i on:
Nor mal i t y or mol ar i t y of HNO
3
=
1.08 10 9
1.543
63

=
278g of FeSO
4
.7H
2
O
1000 meq
2 g of Fer r ous sur phat e
1000 2
meq
278
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 0 < <

1000 2
1.543 V
278
=
Vol of HNO
3
= 4.66 mL and equi val ent mass of HNO
3
=
M.Mass
3
12. A 2.0g sampl e of a mi xt ur e cont ai ni ng sodi um car bonat e, sodi um bi car bonat e and
sodi um sul phat e i s heat ed t i l l t he evol ut i on of CO
2
ceases. The vol ume of CO
2
at 750
mm Hg pr essur e and at 298K i s measur ed t o be 123.9mL. A 1.5g of t he sampl e
r equi r es 150mL of M/ 10 HCl for compl et e neut r al i zat i on. Cal cul at e t he per cent age
composi t i on of t he component s of t he mi xt ur e.
Solut i on:-
Due t o heat i ng onl y NaHCO
3
get s conver t ed i nt o Na
2
CO
3
gi vi ng out car bondi oxi de
3 2 3 2 2
2NaHCO Na CO H O CO
A
+ +
and
2 3
Na CO
A
no change
750 123.9 w
0.0821 298
760 1000 44
=
on si mpl i fyi ng w mass of CO
2
= 0.22g
mass of NaHCO
3
t hat gi ves 0.22g CO
2
=
0.22 2 84
0.84g
44

=
1.5g mi xt ur e r equi r es 150 mL HCl
2.0 g mi xt ur e r equi r es 200 mL of HCl
x 0.84 20
53 84 1000
+ =
x = ( 0.02 0.01)53 = 0.53
2g mi xt ur e cont ai ns 0.53g og Na
2
CO
3
% of Na
2
CO
3
= 26.5
% of NaHCO
3
= 42 and r emai ni ng Na
2
SO
4
13. An aqueous sol ut i on cont ai ni ng 1.612g of oxal i c aci d r equi r ed 96mL 0.25N KMnO
4
i n
H
2
SO
4
medi um for i t s compl et e oxi dat i on. Fi nd t he per cent age pur i t y of oxal i c aci d.
Solut i on:-
meq of KMnO
4
meq of oxal i c aci d 96 0.25 = 24
63 24
1.512g
1000
=
si nce 63 g of oxal i c aci d
1000 meq
pur i t y of oxal i c aci d =
1.512 100
93.8%
1.612
=
14. A mi xt ur e of 0.527g cont ai ni ng Na
2
CO
3
and NaHCO
3
and some i ner t i mpur i t i es i s
t i t r at ed agai nst 0.109M HCl r equi r i ng 15.7mL t o r each t he phenol pht hal ei n end poi nt
and a t ot al of 43.8mL t o r each t he modi fi ed met hyl or ange end poi nt . What i s t he
per cent age of Na
2
CO
3
and NaHCO
3
i n t he mi xt ur e
Solut i on:-
Tot al vol ume of HCl of 0.109N = 43.8 mL
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 1 < <
vol ume of HCl meant for Na
2
CO
3
= 15.7 2 = 31.4 mL
Eq. mass of Na
2
CO
3
= 53 and t hat of NaHCO
3
= 84
meq of Na
2
CO
3
= 31.4 x 0.109
% of Na
2
CO
3
=
31.4 0.109 53 100
34.42
1000 0.527

=
vol ume of HCl meant for NaHCO
3
= 12.4 mL
meq of NaHCO
3
= 12.4 0.109
% of NaHCO
3
i n t he mi xt ur e =
12.9 0.109 84 100
21.54
1000 0.527

=
15. 0.32g sampl e of KI i s mi xed wi t h 1.1 mi l l i mol es of K
2
Cr O
4
t o whi ch 25mL of 5N H
2
SO
4
i s added, and t he i odi ne l i ber at ed i s boi l ed off and t he sol ut i on i s now mi xed wi t h
excess of pur e KI and t he i odi ne l i ber at ed now r equi r ed 14mL of 0.1N sodi um
t hi osul phat e sol ut i on. Cal cul at e t he pur i t y of or i gi nal KI sol ut i on.
Solut i on:-
Iodi ne i s l i ber at ed by aci di fi ed K
2
Cr
2
O
7
as per t he equat i on:
2 3
2 7 2 2
Cr O 14H 6I 2Cr 7H O 3I
+ +
+ + + +
2 4 2 2 7
.......
1.1 0.55 3.3
+
H
K CrO K Cr O
m mol mmol meq [ si nce z = 6 for K
2
Cr
2
O
7
]
meq of i odi ne l i ber at ed by pur e KI = 14 0.1 = 1.4
meq of K
2
Cr
2
O
7
ut i l i zed by i mpur e KI = 3.3 1.4 = 1.9
I I e

+
1 mol e of KI
1 eq
1000 meq
167 g
1.9 meq of KI
1.9 167
0.317g
1000

pur i t y of or gi nal KI =
0.317 100
99.17%
0.32
=
16. H
2
O
2
decomposes on war mi ng t o gi ve oxygen accor di ng t o t he equat i on
2 2 2 2
2 ( ) 2 ( ) + H O aq H O O g , under such condi t i ons when one mol e of oxygen occupi es
24dm
3
. If 100mL of H
2
O
2
sol ut i on of mol ar i t y x pr oduces 3dm
3
of oxygen, fi nd x.
Solut i on:-
As per t he gi ven condi t i on.
24 L of oxygen i s gi ven by 2 mol es of hydr ogen per oxi de
number of mol es t hat gi ves 3L of oxygen =
2 3 1
0.25
24 4
= =
i .e. 0.25 mol es of H
2
O
2
ar e pr esent i n 100 mL of sol ut i on
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 2 < <
Mol ar i t y
0.25 1000
2.5
100
= =
17. 2.0g of t he car bonat e of a di val ent met al i s di ssol ved i n 50 mL of 1N HCl . Excess of
aci d r equi r ed 100mL of 0.1N NaOH for compl et e neut r al i sat i on. Fi nd t he at omi c mass
of t he met al .
Solut i on:-
meq r eact ed wi t h 2 g of MCO
3
= 50 - 10 = 40
40 meq
2g
Hence mass of MCO
3
t hat cor r esponds t o 1000 meq = 50 g
M.Mass of car bonat e = 100 & at omi c mass of met al = 40
18. 5.45g of i mpur e sampl e of KI i s added t o a sol ut i on cont ai ni ng 2.3g of As
2
O
5
i n aci d
medi um. The l i ber at ed i odi ne i s boi l ed off and t o t hi s sol ut i on excess of pur e KI i s
added. The l i ber at ed i odi ne r equi r ed 80mL of sodi um t hi osul phat e sol ut i on t hat con-
t ai ns 12.4g i n 500mL sol ut i on. Fi nd t he per cent age pur i t y of or i gi nal sampl e of pot as-
si um i odi de. M. Mass of Na
2
S
2
O
3
= 248
Solut i on:
2 5 2 3 2 2
As O 4I 4H As O 2I 2H O
+
+ + + +
1mol e of As
2
O
5
230g 4 equi val ent s
Eq. mass of As
2
O
5
= 57.5 1000 meq.
12.4 g of Na
2
S
2
O
3
i n 500 mL cor r esponds t o 0.1M.
Meq of Iodi ne l i ber at ed by pur e KI(second par t ) = 80 0.1 = 8
2.3g As
2
O
5

40 meq
meq of As
2
O
5
ut i l i zed by KI pr esent i n i mpur e sampl e of KI = 40 8 = 32
32 meq of KI
167 32
5.344g
1000
=
[si nce 167g of KI

1000 meq]
% of KI i n i mpur e sampl e =
5.344 100
98.05
5.45
=
19. An aqueous sol ut i on cont ai ni ng 0.10g KIO
3
(m Mass : 214.0) was t r eat ed wi t h excess
of KI sol ut i on. The sol ut i on was aci di fi ed wi t h HCl sol ut i on. The l i ber at ed i odi ne
consumed 45.0mL of t hi osul phat e sol ut i on t o decol our i se t he bl ue st ar ch i odi ne
compl ex. Cal cul at e t he mol ar i t y of t he sodi um t hi osul phat e sol ut i on.
Solut i on:-
3 2 2
IO 5I 6H 3I 3H O
+
+ + +
[compr opor t i onat i on r eact i on]
meq of I
2
l i ber at ed
meq of Na
2
S
2
O
3
used = 45 N
wher e N - Nor mal i t y of t hi o sol ut i on
mass of I
2
=
127 45N
g
1000
As per t he equat i on
214g of KIO
3
l i ber at s = 3 254g of Iodi ne
Iodi ne l i ber at ed by 0.1g of KIO

3
=
3 254 0.1
214

127 45N 3 254 0.1
1000 214

=
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 3 < <
N = 0.0623
20. A 0.5g sampl e of MnO
2
i s t r eat ed wi t h HCl l i ber at i ng chl or i ne. The l i ber at ed chl or i ne
i s passed t hr ough KI sol ut i on and 30.0 mL of 0.1M Na
2
S
2
O
3
ar e r equi r ed t o t i t r at e t he
l i ber at ed i odi ne. Cal cul at e t he per cent age of MnO
2
i n t he sampl e (At .mass of Mn= 55)
Solut i on:
2 2 2 2
MnO 4HC MnC 2H O C + + +
2 2
2KI C 2KC I + +
2 2 3 2 2 4 6
2Na S O I 2NaI Na S O + +
meq of MnO
2
meq Cl
2
meq I
2
meq of t hi o = 30 0.1 = 3
Eq. mass of MnO
2
=
87
43.5
2
=
mass of MnO
2
=
43.5 3
0.1305g
1000
=
per cent age of MnO
2
i n t he sampl e
0.1305 100
26.1
0.5
= =
21. The i on A
n+
i s oxi di zed t o
3
AO
by
4
MnO
wher e by
4
MnO
changes t o Mn
2+
. In case 2.68
10
-3
mol es of A
n+
r equi r es 1.61 10
-3
mol es of
4
MnO
, fi nd t he val ue of n
Solut i on:
n 5
A A
+ +
2
4
+
MnO Mn
Z 2.68 10
-3
= 1.61 10
-3
5; wher e z i s val ency fact or of A
n+
Z = 3 and hence n = 2
22. I n case 150 mL of K
2
Cr
2
O
7
i s t r eat ed wi t h KI i n aci d medi um, t he l i ber at ed i odi ne
r equi r ed 76.0 mL of 0.12N Na
2
S
2
O
3
, fi nd t he st r engt h of di chr omat e sol ut i on(M.Mass of
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
= 294) .GIve t he r el evant r eact i ons
Solut i on:
2 3
2 2 2
7
6 14 2 3 7
+ +
+ + + + Cr O I H Cr I H O
2 2 2 3 2 4 6
I 2Na S O 2NaI Na S O + +
meq of
2
2 7
Cr O

meq I
2
meq of Na
2
S
2
O
3
76 0.12 = 9.12
Nor mal i t y of Cr
2
O
7
2
=
9.12
150
st r engt h =
9.12 49
2.98g/ L
150
=
23. 1.9g of a sampl e of copper or e i s di gest ed and Cu
2+
i s obt ai ned i n aqueous medi um. It i s
t r eat ed wi t h excess KI and t he i odi ne l i ber at ed needed 15.12 mL of 0.15M Na
2
S
2
O
3
sol ut i on. Fi nd t he per cent age of copper cont ent by mass i n t he sampl e. Gi ve t he
necessar y r eact i ons.
Solut i on:-
2
2 2 2
2Cu 4I Cu I I
+
+ +
2 2 3 2 2 4 6
2Na S O I 2NaI Na S O + +
meq of copper = 15.12 0.15 = 2.268
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 4 < <
mass of copper =
63.5 2.268
1000
% copper i n t he sampl e =
63.5 2.268 100
7.5
1000 1.9
=
24. A sampl e of ai r of 25L cont ai ni ng CO i s passed over heat ed I
2
O
5
t o convent CO t o CO
2
as
per t he equat i on
2 5 2 2
I O 5CO 5CO I + + . The l i ber at ed i odi ne i s col l ect ed i nt o a vessel
t hat cont ai ns 13 mL of 0.02M sodi um t hi osul phat e sol ut on.The l eft out Na
2
S
2
O
3
needed
12 mL of 0.005N pur e Iodi ne sol ut i on. Based on t hi s i nfor mat i on fi nd t he number of
mol es of CO pr esent per l i t r e of ai r
Solut i on:-
Ini t i al number of meq of t hi o = 13 0.02 = 0.26
Left out t hi o = 0.06
meq of t hi o consumed by i odi ne = 0.2
meq of Iodi ne l i ber at ed by CO = 0.2

1000 meq of Iodi ne
127g
mass of Iodi ne l i ber at ed =

127 0.2
1000
mol es of CO t hat l i ber at ed I

2
=
4
127 0.2 5
5 10
1000 254
mol es of CO per sent per l i t r e of ai r =

4
5
5 10
2 10
25
=
25. 1.333g sampl e of Fer r i c oxal at e (M.M. : 376) r equi r ed for i t s compl et e oxi dat i on of V mL
of 1M KMnO
4
i n aci d medi um. Fi nd t he val ue of V
Solut i on:
1000 1.333 6
5 1
376

= V
or V = 4.25 mL
26.
Equal vol umes of a r educing agent when t it rated against 1M KMnO
4
, needed 20 mL i n
aci di c, 33.3 i n neut ral and 100 mL i n al kali ne medi a. If
4
MnO
i s reduced t o Mn
2+
in aci d
medi um, to what st at e
4
MnO
is r educed i n al kali ne and neut ral medi a.

Solut i on:-
When equal vol umes of r educi ng agent s ar e t i t r at ed,
meq of
4
MnO
i n aci dmedi um
meq i n Neut r al
meq i n al kal i ne
20 5 33.3 Z
1
100 Z
2
Val ence fact or i n neut r al medi um = 3

val ency fact or i n al kal i ne medi um = 1
In al kal i ne medi um Mn
+7
i s r educed t o Mn
+6
and i n neut r al medi um Mn
+7
i s r educed
t o Mn
+4
27. 1.0g sampl e of sol i d Fe
2
O
3
of 55.2% pur e i s di ssol ved i n an aci d and r educed by heat i ng
t he sol ut i on wi t h zi nc dust . The r esul t i ng sol ut i on i s cool ed and made t o 100.0mL.
25mL, of t hi s sol ut i on r equi r es 17.0mL of 0.017M sol ut i on of an oxi dant for t he t i t r a-
t i on. Cal cul at ed t he number of el ect r ons t aken up by t he oxi dant i n t he above t r i t r at i on.
Solut i on:
mass of Fe
2
O
3
i n 1g sampl e = 0.552g
3 2 2
2Fe Zn Zn 2Fe
+ + +
+ +
i .e. Fer r i c i s r educed t o fer r ous and Fer r ous sol ut i on i s t i t r at ed agai nst t he oxi dant
Val ence fact or of t he oxi dant = Z
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 5 < <
no. of meq pr esent i n 25 mL of t he made up sol ut i on = 17 0.017 Z
Hence meq i n 100 mL sol ut i on = 17 0.017 4Z
0.552 112 1000
4 17 0.017 Z
56 160

=
or Z = 6
Number of el ect r ons t r ansfer r ed = 6

28. 1.8 g sampl e cont ai ni ng Ar seni c i s di ssol ved by heat i ng i n HNO
3
and t hen t r eat ed wi t h
HI. The l i ber at ed i odi ne r equi r ed 35.6 mL of 0.32 M sodi um t hi osul phat e for compl et e
t i t r at i on. Det er mi ne t he per cent age of Ar seni c i n t he sampl e. (At .mass of Ar seni c= 75)
Gi ven :
3 3 4 2 2
5 5 As HNO H AsO NO H O + + + and
3 4 3 3 2 2
2 H AsO HI H AsO H O I + + +
Solut i on:
meq of H
3
AsO
4
meq I
2
meq t hi o 35.6 0.32 = 11.40
Ar seni c cont ent i n 11.4 meq of H
3
AsO
4

11.4 37.5
0.428g
1000
= =
% Ar seni c i n t he or i gi nal sampl e
0.428 100
23.7
1.8
= =
29. One l i t r e of pur e oxygen measur ed at NTP when passed t hr ough an ozoni ser . The
r esul t i ng gaseous mi xt ur e has l i ber at ed i odi ne fr om aqueous KI. If t he i odi ne l i ber at ed
needed 75mL of 0.2N t hi osul phat e sol ut i on, fi nd t he fi nal vol ume of t he ozoni sed oxy-
gen under t he same condi t i on.
Solut i on:-
2 3
3O 2O
meq Ozone
meq I
2

meq t hi o
75 0.2 = 15
3 2 2 2
2 2
+
+ + + + O I H I H O O
1000 meq of ozone 11, 200 mL of NTP
15 meq
11200 15
168
100
= mL
168 mL of ozone i s for med out of 252 mL of oxygen
Hence fi nal vol ume of t he mi xt ur e = 1000 252 + 168 = 916 mL
30. What i s t he equi val ent mass of H
3
PO
2
when i t di spr opor t i onat es t o PH
3
and H
3
PO
3
as
per t he equat i on :
3 2 3 3 3
3 2 H PO PH H PO +
Solut i on:
1 3 3
3 2 3 3 3
3H PO PH 2H PO
+ +
+
1 3
2P 2P 4e
+ +
+
1 3
P 4e P
+
+
(Four el ect r ons ar e exchanged among t hr ee phosphor us at oms)
Eq. mass =
3 M.Mass
4
31. Fi nd t he equi val ent mass of phosphor us when i t di spr opor t i onat es as per t he r eact i on
4 2 3 2 2
3 3 3 P NaOH H O PH NaH PO + + +
Solut i on:
1
3
0
2 3 2 2
4
P 3NaOH 3H O PH 3NaH PO
+
+ + +
3
1
0
P 3P 3e
+

+
and
0 3
3

+ P e P
Hence t hr ee el ect r ons ar e exchanged among four
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 6 < <
phosphor us at oms. Eq. mass =
4 atomic mass
3

4 31
41.33
3
= =
32. 8.5g of bl eachi ng powder i s suspended i n wat er and i t i s made t o 500 mL.25 mL of t hi s
i s t r ansfer r ed i nt o a coni cal fl ask t o whi ch HCl and excess of KI sol ut i on ar e added.
The l i ber at ed i odi ne r equi r ed 22.2mL of 0.14M sodi um t hi osul phat e sol ut i on. Fi nd t he
per cent age of avai l abl e chl or i ne i n t he gi ven sampl e of bl eachi ng powder .
Solut i on:
2 2 2 2
CaOC H O Ca(OH) C + +
2 2
C 2KI 2KC I + +
2 2 2 3 2 4 6
I 2Na S O 2NaI Na S O + +
meq of Na
2
S
2
O
3

meq of I
2

meq of Cl
2

22.2 0.14 = 3.108

meq of chl or i ne gi ven by 25 mL suspensi on = 3.108
meq of chl or i ne gi ven by 500 ml = 3.108 x 20 = 62.16
mass of chl or i ne
62.16 35.5
2.2g
1000
= =
% of Avai l abl e chl or i ne
2.2 100
25.96
8.5
= =
33. Ther e ar e t wo sampl es of HCl aci d of nor mal i t i es 0.24 and 0.38 and you ar e gi ven one
l i t r e each of t he sol ut i on
a) What vol umes of each of t hese t wo ar e t o be mi xed t o get maxi mum vol ume of
0.29N HCl
b) What vol umes of t he t wo ar e t o be mi xed t o get maxi mum vol ul me of 0.36N HCl ?
Solut i on:
a) 1L of 0.24 + 555.5 mL of 0.38N
b) 1L of 0.38N + 166.6 mL of 0.24 N
34. Wi t h phenopht hal ei n as i ndi cat or 25mL of a sol ut i on cont ai ni ng Na
2
CO
3
and NaHCO
3
r equi r ed 11.36 mL of 0.11 N HCl for t i t r at i on. The r esul t i ng sol ut i on r equi r ed a fur t her
39.77 mL of 0.11 N HCl for t i t r at i on usi ng met hyl or ange. Cal cul at e i n gr ams of each
component i n one l i t r e of t he sol ut i on
Solt i on:
Vol of HCl r equi r ed for Na
2
CO
3
= 11.36 2 = 22.72 mL
mass of Na
2
CO
3
i n one l i t r e
22.72 0.11 53
5.3g
25

= =
[Eq. mass of Na
2
CO
3
= 53]
vol ume of HCl r equi r ed for NaHCO
3
= 39.77 - 11.36 = 28.41 mL
Mass of NaHCO
3
i n 1 Li t r e =
28.41 0.11 84
10.5
25

= g
[Eq. mass of NaHCO
3
= 84]
35. 1.60g of pyr ol usi t e mi ner al i s di gest ed wi t h 50mL of 0.5M oxal i c aci d and some sul phur i c
aci d. The l eft out oxal i c aci d sol ut i on i s made t o 250mL and 25mL of t hi s sol ut i on
r equi r ed 26mL of 0.123N KMnO
4
sol ut i on. Cal cul at e t he per cent age of MnO
2
i n t he
gi ven sampl e of pyr ol usi t e.
Solut i on:
2
2 2
MnO 4H 2e Mn 2H O
+ +
+ + + and
2
4 2
MnO 8H 5e Mn 4H O
+ +
+ + +
2
2
COO 2CO 2e
|
COO

+
Ini t i al meq of oxal i c aci d = 50 0.5 2 = 50
meq of oxal i c aci d l eft out = 26 0.123 10 = 32
meq of oxal i c aci d oxi di zed by MnO
2
meq of MnO
2
pr esent i n pyr ol usi t e = 18
Equi val net mass of MnO
2
= 43.5
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 7 < <
% MnO
2
i n t he sampl e =
43.5 18 100
48.8
1000 1.6

=
36. An oxi de of a met al cont ai ns 40% by mass of oxygen. It i s conver t ed i nt o a chl or i de of

t he met al by a ser i es of st eps. Fi nd t he per cent age of chl or i ne i n t he met al chl or i de?
Solut i on:
% age oxygen i n met al oxi de = 40
5 equi val ent s

met al = 60%
5 equi val ent s

eq. mass of met al =
60
12
5
=
Eq. mass of met al chl or i de = 12 + 35.5 = 47.5
% of chl or i ne i n t he met al chl or i de =
35.5 100
74.7
47.5
=
37. A sampl e of hydr azi ne sul phat e (N
2
H
6
SO
4
) i s di ssol ved i n 100 mL of sol ut i on. 10mL of
t hi s sol ut i on i s made t o r eact wi t h excess of fer r i c chl or i de sol ut i on and war med t o
compl et e t he r eact i on. The fer r ous i on for med r equi r ed 20 mL of 0.02 M per manganat e
sol ut i on. Fi nd t he amount of hydr azi ne sul phat e i n one l i t r e of t he sol ut i on
Gi ven :
3 2
2 4 2
4 4 4 N H Fe N Fe H
+ + +
+ + +

2 2 3
4 2
5 8 5 4 MnO Fe H Mn Fe H O
+ + + +
+ + + +
Solut i on:
As per t he equat i on
meq of
4
MnO

meq of Fe
2+
meq of N
2
H
4
meq of MnO
2
i n 100 mL sol ut i on = 20 0.02 5 10 = 20
Eq. mass of N
2
H
6
SO
4
= 32.5
Mass of N
2
H
6
SO
4
=
20 32.5 1000
6.5g/ L
1000 100
=
38. A 10mL sampl e of hydr oxyl ami ne i s di l ut ed t o one l i t r e and 50mL of t hi s di l ut ed
sol ut i on i s boi l ed wi t h excess of fer r i c i r on. The r esul t i ng sol ut i on r equi r ed 12mL of
0.02M KMnO
4
sol ut i on for t he compl et e oxi dat i on of fer r ous t o fer r i c. Cal cul at e t he
mass of hydr oxyl ami ne i n one l i t r e of t he or i gi nal sampl e.
Gi ven :
3 3
2 2 2
2 4 ( ) 5 4 NH OH Fe N O s Fe H O
+ +
+ + +

2 2 3
4 2
5 8 5 4
+ + + +
+ + + + MnO Fe H Mn Fe H O
Solut i on:
meq of KMnO
4
meq of Fe
2+
meq of NH
2
OH i n 50 mL
meq of KMnO
4
= 12 0.02 5 = 1.2
meq of NH
2
OH i n 1000 mL of t he made up sol ut i on =
1.2 1000
50
= 24
10 mL or i gi nal sampl e cont ai ns 24 meq
Nor mal i t y = 2.4

Eq mass of NH
2
OH = 16.5
Hence st r engt h of or i gi nal sampl e of NH
2
OH
16.5 2400
39.6g/ L
1000
= =
39. How many l i t r es of HCl gas measur ed at 30
0
C and 745 t or r ar e r equi r ed t o pr epar e
1.25L of a 3.5M sol ut i on of hydr ochl or i c aci d ?
Solut i on:
number of mol es of HCl gas pr esent i n 1.25L = 1.25 3.5 = 4.375
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 8 < <
PV = nRT
4.375 0.0821 303 760
V 111.05L
745

= =
40. The for mul a mass of an aci d i s 82. A sol ut i on of 100 mL of t he aci d cont ai ni ng 58.5g of
i t per l i t r e i s compl et el y neut r al i zed by 190.3mL of NaOH sol ut i on t hat cont ai ns 30g of
i t i n one l i t r e. Fi nd t he basi ci t y of t he aci d.
Solut i on:
Nor mal i t y of NaOH = 0.75
meq of aci d i n 100 mL = 190.3 0.75
meq of aci d i n 1000 mL = 190.3 0.75 10 = 1427.25
mass of 1427.25 meq = 58.5 (gi ven)
mass of 1000 meq =
58.5 1000
41
1427.25
=
= Eq. mass of t he aci d
Basi ci t y of aci d =
M.Mass
eq.Mass
=
82
2
41
=
Assignment I V
Assert ion & Reason Type:-
a) A and R ar e t r ue and R i s t he cor r ect expl anat i on of A
b) A and R ar e t r ue and R i s not t he cor r ect expl anat i on of A
c) A i s t r ue but R i s fal se d) A i s fal se but R i s t r ue
01. Assert i on:- To 100 mL of 1M HCl sol ut i on on addi ng enough wat er t o make i t one l i t r e,
t he sol ut i on get s di l ut ed
Reason:- The number of m.mol es of HCl r emai ns t he same
02. Assert i on:- H
2
O
2
i s an i nor gani c compound t hat act s as an oxi di zi ng as wel l as r educi ng
agent i n bot h aci di c as wel l as i n al kal i ne medi um.
Reason:- When H
2
O
2
act s as a r educi ng agent t he oxygen gi ven out i s t ot al l y fr om H
2
O
2
onl y
03. Assert i on:- Bot h Cu
2+
and Fe
3+
l i ber at e Iodi ne fr om aqueous KI. One mol e each of Cu
2+
and Fe
3+
l i ber at e same number of mol es of Iodi ne i n separ at e exper i ment s fr om KI
Reason:- The change i n t he oxi dat i on number of each met al i on i s by one uni t onl y.
04. Assert i on:- Ever y one mol e of fer r i c oxal at e cor r esponds t o si x equi val ent s whi l e act i ng
as r educi ng agent .
Reason:- Ever y one mol e cont ai ns t hr ee oxal at e i ons t hat gi ve si x mol es of el ect r ons.
05. Assert i on:- When a mi xt ur e of NaOH and Na
2
CO
3
i s t i t r at ed agai nst HCl usi ng
phenol pht hal ei n t he pi nk col our di sappear s when t ot al NaOH i s neut r al i sed and Na
2
CO
3
i s conver t ed i nt o NaHCO
3
Reason:- NaHCO
3
behaves l i ke a weak aci d t o war ds phenol pht hal ei n.
06. Assert i on:- The r eact i on bet ween KI O
3
and KI i n aci di c medi um i s an exampl e of a
r edox r eact i on.
Reason:- It i s an exampl e of di spr opar t i onat i on r eact i on
07. Assert i on:- The t i t r at i on of As
2
O
3
(aq) agai nst t he sol ut i on of Iodi ne i s t o be car r i ed out
i n pr esence of NaHCO
3
Reason:- NaHCO
3
i s needed t o neut r al i se t he aci d HI for med i n t he pr ocess
08. Assert i on:- The r eact i on bet ween chl or i ne and hot and concent r at ed NaOH i s an exampl e
of di spr opor t i onat i on r eact i on
Reason:- In a di spr opor t i onat i on r eact i on t he same compound i s si mul t aneousl y oxi di zed
as wel l as r educed.
C h e mi s t r y > > 3 9 < <
KEY
01. b 02. b 03.a 04. a
05. a 06. c 07.a 08. a
Assignment V
Subject ive Quest ion ( I nt eger Answer Type ):-
01. The number of mol es of NaH
2
PO
4
r equi r ed t o neut r al i ze 4.0 g of NaOH i s found t o be
x 10
2
. Fi nd x
Ans :x = 5
02. Gi ven :
2 2 3
4 2
8 5 5 4
+ + + +
+ + + + MnO H Fe Mn Fe H O The vol ume of KMnO
4
sol ut i on i n mL
cont ai ni ng 31.6g per l i t r e t hat r eact s wi t h 5.56g of FeSO
4
7H
2
O i s x 10.Fi nd t he val ue
of x (Gi ven M.M of KMnO
4
i s 158 and t hat of FeSO
4
7H
2
O = 278)
Ans :x = 2
03. How many mol es of oxal i c aci d ar e r equi r ed t o r educe K
2
Cr
2
O
7
pr esent i n 6000mL of
0.5M sol ut i on i n aci di c medi um ?
Ans :9.0 mol es
04. The mol e fr act i on of a sol ut e i n 4.5 mol al aqueous sol ut i on i s x 0.025. Fi nd x
Ans :x = 3
05. 0.5g of a met al on combust i on for ms 0.66g of t he met al oxi de. Hence t he equi val ent
mass of t he met al i s A
2
. Fi nd t he val ue of A
Ans : A = 5
06. 1.0g of a met al combi nes wi t h oxygen t o for m 1.074g of met al oxi de. If t he speci fi c heat
of t he met al i s 0.0593 Cal / g/ K, fi nd t he val ency of t he met al
Ans : 1
07. A gi ven sampl e of ol eum i s l abel l ed as 109% of sul phur i c aci d. The per cent age of fr ee
SO
3
i n t he sampl e i s z 10. Fi nd t he val ue of z?
Ans : z = 4
08. The number of mi l l i mol es of H
3
PO
4
pr esent i n 2.5L of 0.6N sol ut i on of t he aci d i s
z 100. Fi nd t he val ue of z
Ans: z = 5
09. As per t he equat i on:
3 2 2
KIO 5KI 6HC 6KC 3I 3H O + + + + , t he equi val ent mass of KIO
3
i s obt ai ned by
di vi di ng t he mol ecul ar mass by z. Fi nd t he val ue of z
Ans: z = 5
10. 10 mL of H
2
O
2
sol ut i on of vol ume st r engt h X r equi r ed for i t s compl et e oxi dat i on 10 mL
of 0.891N KMnO
4
. Hence fi nd t he val ue of X
Ans: X = 5
11. 0.225g of an aci d of mol ecul ar mass 90, r equi r ed 50 mL of 0.2N NaOH sol ut i on. Fi nd
t he basi ci t y of t he aci d
Ans: 2
12. A sol ut i on of speci fi c gr avi t y 1.6g/ mL i s 67% by mass of an aci d. The per cent age by
mass of t he same aci d when 100 mL of t he above sol ut i on i s di l ut ed t o 300 mL wi t h
speci fi c gr avi t y of 1.19g/ mL i s x 10. Fi nd t he val ue of x
Ans: 3
.
C h e mi s t r y > > 4 0 < <
13 Di ssol vi ng120g of ur ea (M. mass: 60) i n 1000 g of wat er gave a sol ut i on of densi i t y
1.12g/ mL.Hence fi nd t he mol ar i t y of t he sol ut i on
Ans: 2
ASSI GNMENT - VI
MULTI -MATCHI NG TYPE:-
01. COLUMN - I COLUMN -I I
Redox r eact i on Mol e r at i o of r educt ant
(unbal anced) and oxi dant
A)
COO
COO
3
H 2 2
2 4 2
Fe KMnO Fe CO Mn
+
+ +
A
+ + +
P) 5 : 1
B)
H 3 2
4
Fe KMnO Fe Mn
+
2+ + +
+ +
Q) 2 : 1
C)
OH
4 2 3
KI MnO MnO IO

+ + R) 5 : 6
D)
2 2 3 2 2 4 6
Na S O I NaI Na S O + + S) 1 : 2
oxi dat i on r eact i on(unbal anced) Eq. mass of t he compound
A)
| |
4
3
6 2 3
Fe(CN) Fe 6CO 6NO
+
+ + P)
M.Mass
eq.mass
6
=
B)
2
3 3 4
Cu P Cu H PO
+
+ Q)
M.Mass
eq.mass
3
=
C)
2 3 2
NH OH HNO H O + R)
M.Mass
eq.mass
11
=
D)
3
2 2
Fe(COO) Fe CO
+
+ S)
M.Mass
eq.mass
61
=
compound val ence fact or (z)
A)
COO
COO
Fe
2
3
P) As a sal t , z = 6
B) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
Q) As a r educi ng agent , z = 6
C) Ba(MnO
4
)
2
R) As a sal t , z = 2
D) Fer r ous oxal at e S) As an oxi di zi ng agent
i n aci d medi um, z = 10
T) As a r educi ng agent , z = 3
compound val ence fact or (z)
A) KMnO
4
P) As a sal t , z = 1
B) K
2
Cr
2
O
7
Q) As a oxi di zi ng agent
C)
COOH
COOH
R) As a r educi ng agent , z = 2
D)
COONa
COOH
S) As a sal t , z = 2
T) As an oxi di zi ng
KEY:
01. A R; B P; C S; D Q 02. A S; B R; C P; D Q
C h e mi s t r y > > 4 1 < <
03. A PQ; B P; C RS; D RT 04. A P, T; B Q, S; C R; D P, R
COMPREHENSI ONS
Comprehensi on:-I
The mass per cent age of MnO
2
i n t he gi ven sampl e of pyr ol usi t e was det er mi ned by
r eact i ng i t wi t h As
2
O
3
i n aci d medi um. A sampl e of 0.3g was gr ound and boi l d wi t h 75
mL of 0.0125M As
2
O
3
sol ut i on. On compl et i ng t he r eact i on t he sol ut i on i s cool ed and
t i t r at ed agai nst 2.4 10
2
M KMnO
4
and i t r equi r ed 12.5 mL of t he sol ut i on t o r each
t he end poi nt (At mass of As = 75, Mn = 55)
Answer t he fol l owi ng:-
01. The equi val ent mass of As
2
O
3
i n t he r eact i ons wi t h MnO
2
as wel l as KMnO
4
i n aci d
medi um.
a) 198 b) 99 c) 49.5 d) 24.75
02. Number of equi val ent s of As
2
O
3
r eact ed wi t h aci di fi ed KMnO
4
a) 1.5 b) 1.5 10
3
c) 0.15 d) 1.5 10
2
03. Per cent age of MnO
2
i n t he gi ven sampl e of pyr ol usi t e
a) 24.4 b) 32.6 c) 65.2 d) 16.3
Comprehensi on:-I I
Hydr ogen per oxi de sol ut i on (20 mL) r eact s quant i t at i vel y wi t h a sol ut i on of KMnO
4
(20
mL) aci di f i ed wi t h di l ut e H
2
SO
4
. The same vol ume of t he KMnO
4
sol ut i on i s j ust
decol our i sed by 10 mL of MnSO
4
i n neut r al medi um si mul t aneousl y for mi ng a dar k
br own pr eci pi t at e of hydr at ed MnO
2
. The br own pr eci pi t at e i s di ssol ved i n 10 mL of 0.2
M sodi um oxal at e under boi l i ng condi t i on i n t he pr esence of di l ut e H
2
SO
4
.
Answer t he fol l owi ng:
04. Mass of MnO
2
for med
a) 4.35g b) 0.174 g c) 0.348g d) 3.44 g
05. As per t he r eact i on bet ween KMnO
4
and MnSO
4
i n neut r al medi um, t he equi val ent
mass of KMnO
4
(M. Mass of KMnO
4
= M)
a)
M
3
b) M c)
M
5
d)
M
2
06. Mol ar i t y of H
2
O
2
sol ut i on
a) 0.2 b) 0.4 c) 0.8 d) 0.1
Comprehensi on:-I I I
A 3.0 g sampl e cont ai ni ng Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
and an i ner t i mpur e subst ance i s t r eat ed wi t h
excess of KI sol ut i on i n pr esence of di l ut e H
2
SO
4
.The ent i r e i r on i s conver t ed t o Fe
2+
al ong wi t h t he l i ber at i on of i odi ne. The r esul t i ng sol ut i on i s di l ut ed t o 100 mL. A 20 mL
of t he di l ut e sol ut i on r equi r es 11 mL of 0.5 M Na
2
S
2
O
3
sol ut i on t o r educe t he i odi ne
pr esent .A 50 mL of t he di l ut ed sol ut i on aft er compl et e ext r act i on of i odi ne r equi r ed
12.8 mL of 0.25 M KMnO
4
sol ut i on i n di l ut e H
2
SO
4
medi um for t he oxdat i on of Fe2+.
Answer t he fol l owi ng:-
07. Tot al no of meq of Ir on pr esent
a) 27.5 b) 32.0 c) 13.75 d) 16
08. Mass of Fe
3
O
4
pr esent i n t he gi ven sampl e
a) 2.088 g b) 1.044 g c) 3.132 g d) 0.522 g
09. Per cent age by mass of Fe
2
O
3
i n t he gi ven sampl e
a) 24.15 b) 12.05 c) 49.33 d) 89.6
KEY:
01. c 02. b 03. b 04. b
05. a 06. d 07. b 08. b 09. c
*****

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C h e mi s t r y > > 1 < <

Mol efr act i on of Ur ea =

Concent r at i on of Br omi de i on i n ppm = 464

Si nce number of equi val ent s of t he r eact i ng subst ances ar e same

Nor mal i t y = 2 0.891 = 1.782 and % by mass = 3.03

Nor mal i t y of bot t l e sol ut i on =

The vol ume st r engt h of 1.25 N sol ut i on of H

i s t he oxi di zi ng agent and oxal i c aci d i s t he r educi ng agent

meq of oxal i c aci d

4 equi val ent s and 2 mol es of KMnO

4 equi val ent s

. The equi val ent mass of t he

t hat wi l l r eact wi t h one mol e of oxal i c aci d i n aci d

i on i n t he r esul t i ng sol ut i on when 2L of 3M

meq of Mohr s sal t ut i l i zed

71g and hence mass of 2 meq of chl or i ne = 0.071g

C h e mi s t r y > > 3 0 < <

Iodi ne l i ber at ed by 0.1g of KIO

meq of Iodi ne l i ber at ed by CO = 0.2

mass of Iodi ne l i ber at ed =

mol es of CO t hat l i ber at ed I

mol es of CO per sent per l i t r e of ai r =

is r educed i n al kali ne and neut ral medi a.

Val ence fact or i n neut r al medi um = 3

Number of el ect r ons t r ansfer r ed = 6

22.2 0.14 = 3.108

36. An oxi de of a met al cont ai ns 40% by mass of oxygen. It i s conver t ed i nt o a chl or i de of

5 equi val ent s

5 equi val ent s

Nor mal i t y = 2.4

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