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Project On

ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATED WELL HISTORIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION INCLUDING TECHNOLOGY PROSPECTIVE
Project dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the award of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION


Submitted by

VENKATA KRISHNA REDDY K

710212345019

Under the guidance of Shri. VINAY KUMAR GUPTA Dy.General Manager (D) IDT,ONGC,Deharadun Shri. Prof. M. JAGANNADHA RAO M.Sc (Tech), M.S.Engg (USA), Ph.D. Director

DELTA STUDIES INSTITUTE ANDHRA UNIVERSITY VISAKHAPATNAM

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work incorporated in this dissertation entitled VENKATA KRISHNA REDDY K is original and carried out by me in 2011- 2012 It has not been submitted in part or in full for any Degree of any other University.

(Signature of the candidate)

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that it is a bonafide work done by Mr. VENKATA KRISHNA REDDY K during the year 2010- 2012 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Technology in Petroleum Exploration, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. This work is not submitted to any University for the award of any Degree.

Internal Guide

External Guide (if any)

DIRECTOR, DELTA STUDIES INSTITUTE

CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY To The Director Delta Studies Institute Andhra University Sivajipalem Visakhapatnam 530 017 CERTIFICATE OF PROJECT COMPLETION This is to certify that Mr. VENKATA KRISHNA REDDY K has completed the project in our organization as per the particulars given below. PERIOD PROJECT TITLE : : May 2012 to August 2012 ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATED WELL HISTORIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION INCLUDING TECHNOLOGY PROSPECTIVE

INDUSTRY / ORGANIZATION OFFICIAL SEAL

Shri. VINAY KUMAR GUPTA, DGM (D), IDT, ONGC.Ltd

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In this report I am very glad to express my gratitude to Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University, for providing facilities to carry out my project work. I express my gratitude to Prof. M. Jagannadha Rao, Director Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University for taking special interest, guidance, encouragement and initiating me into my project work. I feel its a great privilege to me to convey my heartful thanks to my project guide, Shri. VINAY KUMAR GUPTA, DGM (D), IDT, ONGC.Ltd for his keen interest, esteemed guidance, help and encouragement in completing my project work successfully. I express my gratitude to Mr. Karunakarudu, Teaching Asst., Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University for taking special interest, guidance, encouragement and initiating me into my project work. I sincerely thanks to my teaching staff Shri. G SRINIVASACHARI (Retd. DGM, ONGC.Ltd), B V RAO (Retd. DGM, ONGC.Ltd), Dr.satyanaraya Rao, Shri. Ramakrishna (Retd DGM, ONGC.Ltd) for their support for carry out my project work. Very venerably, I present my hearty gratitude to my Parents who have always been supportive to me and fulfilling all my requisites all through the course of my academics and prayed for my success earnestly believing that I can pursue higher studies uninterruptedly. I express my deep love and respect to them through this and dedicate this work to them. Last but not the least; I extend my thanks to my colleagues and friends at the work place who have all through been a source of strength and motivation during the period of my academics and provided a great co-operation. Their role in the work is highly acknowledged.

ABSTRACT Drilling for deeper Hydrocarbon Prospects in Lower Bhuban and Barail Formations in Rokhia Structure of Tripura fold belt: Likely future Strategies. Other critical similar case histories for conclusions /recommendations for substitute well. The deep drilling in lower Bhuban and Barail Formation in Rokhia fold belt of Agartala, Tripura in eastern India has always been a challenge for about three decades now; as it is seen posing serious drilling problems in the background of fluctuating pore pressures particularly in middle and Lower Bhuban formations which are being corroborated from middle to early Miocene age. Severe down hole complications like continued tight pulls, held ups, caving and stuck ups were encountered during drilling these sections, predominantly due to high differential pressures. The pioneer wild cat well drilled in the region by Russian experts through 4DH, F400 rig could only be drilled upto a depth of 4600m in over 2 years (935 days) against the Targeted depth of 5300m and could not be tested due to Extraordinary high Formation Pressures (about 2.3 MWE). In 2009 , effort were renewed at well ROAV where 8 hole had to be terminated at a depth of 4186m on account of accomplishment of anticipated commercial objectives in middle to lower Bhuban, against drilling Target of 4600m in Lower Bhuban. The well tested for eight water bearing zones spent about 285 days and abandoned later. The testing results, nearly established that the complete drilling of Lower Bhuban could not accomplished at this location. The next well ROAH taken up in 2010, could not be drilled beyond upper part of lower Bhuban i.e. up to 3457m on account of severe well complications in 12 hole itself, against the Target of 4800m in Barail. All the three efforts above thereby necessitate a comprehensive plan for deeper drilling campaign in this structure with suitable Rig, Infrastructure and Equipments. The project relates to carefully drawing the lessons learnt from all these three endeavors for preparing a comprehensive drilling plan for taking up deepest ever drilling campaign in the severely complicated area, for exploring much sought after presence of Hydrocarbons in Lower Bhuban and barail formations in this fold , which not only is expected to open a new territory of HC presence in the region but will be a

key for ensuring sustained Oil and gas production to meet Government level Commitments in light of upcoming mega gas based Power Projects in power starved North eastern state of Tripura. Similar other critical wells are proposed to add considering process and technology perspectives for drawing conclusions and consequent recommendations for substitute well.

CONTENTS Chapter Name Page No.

1. Introduction 2. Casing 2.1. Casing 2.2. Casing geometry 2.3 Casing Standards 2.4 Casing Design Considerations 2.5 A Properly-Designed Casing String 2.6 Casing Running Tools 2.7 Running Casing 3. Cementing 3.1 Cementing 3.2 How Does Cementing Work 3.3 API classification for oil well cements 3.4 Preparing the Cement 3.5 Additional tools used for cementing 3.6 Cement Additives 3.7 Cementing Mixing and Pumping Equipment 3.8 Cement Mixing 3.9 Primary Cementing 3.10 Secondary Cementing 25 8

2 4 7

9 10 10 11

16 17 17 21 24

28 29 31 32

3.11 Cementing the Well 3.12 Pump and Pull Cement Plugs 3.13 Removal of the Drilling Fluid 4. Calculations 4.1 Casing Calculations 4.2. Cement additive calculations 4.3 Weighted cement calculations 4.4 Calculations for the Number of Sacks of Cement Required 4.5 Calculations for the Number of Feet to Be Cemented 4.6 Setting Balanced Cement Plug Result Conclusion References

33 35 36

47 53 55 56 59 62 66 68 69

LIST OF FIGURES S.No Description Page No.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18

Casing strings Types of Casing Casing running tools Subsea casing and cementing equipment Typical casing marketing and stamps Manufacturing of Portland cement Typical Oil Well Cement Mixing Process Pressurized cement bulk tanks Jet-Type Cement Mixers Schematic of Cementing Unit System Squeeze Cementing Principles Cementing a Well Bottom and Top Plugs Collapse Diagram for an Intermediate Casing String Burst Stress Applied During A Pressure Test

2 4 11 13 14 23 28 29 30 30 33 34 35 49 50 51 52 53

Burst Pressure Diagram for an Intermediate Casing String Tension Analysis of an Intermediate Casing String Tension Diagram for an Intermediate Casing String

LIST OF TABLES S.No Description Page No.

Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13

summary of casing types casing and bit sizes commonly used in rotary drilling API casing grades and properties API cement classification typical composition and desirable properties of API cement principle compounds in Portland cement commonly used accelerators commonly used retarders commonly used extenders lost circulation control applications physical properties of cement additives general problems encountered during a cementing operation 25

6 7 9 20 21 22

26 26 27 37 39 40

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