Merced High School Pre-Calculus Summer Packet

Name ________________________________

The problems in this packet are designed to help you review topics that are important to your success in pre calculus. All work should be shown for each problem. Use a separate sheet of paper, since there is not much room provided here.

I. Polynomials and operations on real and imaginary numbers. A. Simplify these expressions

1.

100

2.

3.

4 9

4. ( i 7 )2

5. (5i 11) 2

6.

2x 3 4x2 y2 3 y 4

7. (3 + 2i) + (5 + 7i)

8. 2i(3 i)

9. (3 + 2i)(3- 2i)

10. (3 + i 5 )2

11.

8 2i

12.

5i 6 2i

B. Factor completely 1. 6x2 + 7x 5 2. t2 4t 21 3. x3 8 4. x3 2x2 4x + 8

C. Simplify the following expressions 1. 5x2 2x5 2. (-2c3)2 3. (xm)n (xn)n m 4. 10 2 6 8 2 2

D. Solve by completing the square or using the quadratic formula 1. x2 2x 4 = 0 2. 2y2 + 4y = 3

E. Graph the functions using a table of values, symmetry, rational root theorem, or other properties of polynomials to plot points. Verify the graph with your calculator. Describe the following characteristics for each function: a) domain and range b) real roots c) x- and yintercepts d) end behavior e) intervals where increasing & decreasing 1. f(x) = x3 3x2 + x + 1 2. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 3. f(x) = x 5

II. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions and Operations

A. Write in exponential form.

1. log525 = 2

2. log10(.001) = 3

3. log7 1 = 0

4. ln (1/e) = -1

B. Write in logarithmic form.

1. 3 2 = 9

2. 10-2 =

1 100

3. 2 1 = 2

4. e 2 = 7.39

C. Evaluate. (Use a calculator for # 3 & # 4)

1. log7 49

2. log5 1 125

3. log3 120

4. log8 50

D. Express as a log of a single number or expression (condense).

1. 3loga 2

2. log5 12 + log5 6

3. log2 8 log2 4

E. Solve.

1. log16 x =

2. logx 64 = 3

3. log10 (x + 6) + log10 (x 6) = 2

F. Solve. Leave # 1 -2 in terms of e and leave #3 - 4 in terms of ln. 2. ln x3 = 12 3. e x = -2 4. e 2x = 5

1. ln x = 3

III. Function Operations A. Given: f(x) = x 2 4 g(x) = 2x+4

1. f(3)

2. f(x) = 0 when x =

3. f(g(4))

4. f(g(x))

5. Domain of f(g(x))

6. g(f(0))

7. Find the inverse of f(x)

IV. Rational Expressions and Rational Functions

A. Graph the following functions using a table of values and symmetry. Identify: a) intercepts b) asymptotes c)even, odd, or neither x2 4 2. g(x) = x+2

2x 1. f(x) = x+ 4

3x 3. h(x) = 2 x +1

4x 2 4. k(x) = 2 x 9

B. Simplify. Write your answer as a single fraction. 3x 2 + 6x3 9x x 2 25 x 2 + 7 x + 10

1.

2.

3.

2x 6x 2 x + 5 2 x + 10

4.

x2 x+4 + x 2x

5.

4x +2 x+6

6.

2x x x3 x+3

V. Rewriting and Solving Equations A. Rewrite the equation in the indicated form.

1. 7y + 6x = 10 in the form: y = mx + b

2.

1 15 y 7x = in the form: Ax + By = C 4 2

B. Find the solutions of the given systems of equations using substitution.

1. 2x 5y = 7 7x + y = 8

2. 4x + 9y = 2 2x + 6y = 1

C. Find the solutions of the given systems of equations using linear combination.

1. 2x + y = 0 5x 4y = 26

2. 2 7x = 9y 2y 4x = 6

VI. Pythagorean Theorem and Trigonometric Identities

A. Solve for the missing side of right ? ABC using the Pythagorean Theorem. B c a C a

1. a = 6 ft, b = 8 ft 2. b = 17 ft, c = 19 ft

B. Solve for the missing sides of the 45-45-90 and 30-60-90 triangles. 1. 4
30

2.

3. 4 3
45 60

C. Given the right triangle, find the trigonometric ratios.

B sin A = _________ sin B = __________

39 36

cos A = _________

cos B = __________

tan A = _________ C 15 A

tan B = ___________

D. Use trig ratios to solve for the missing sides x and y of each right triangle.

1. 12 y
20 220

2. 8 x

y
62

3. y
75

x 7

E. Use trig ratios to find the missing angles of each right triangle. 7 1.
y

2. 6 15
x x

3. 18

14 28
y

VII. Conic Sections (for Pre Calculus with Analysis students) A. State the type of conic figure represented by each equation. Sketch the graph and indicate the vertices and foci. 1. 9x2 + 25y2 = 225 3. 9x2 2y2 + 18 = 0 2. y2 6y + 16x + 25 = 0 4. 2x2 + 2y2 10x 18y = 1

B. Write an equation in standard form for each of the following conic figures. 1. An ellipse with center at the origin, one vertex at (0,5) and one focus at (0,2). 2. A parabola with vertex (1,2) and directrix y = -2. 3. A hyperbola with foci (0, -5) and (0,5) and difference of foci radii 8. 4. A circle with center (2,3) passing through (-3,5)