Essential Chemistry SPM Question Bank

Chapter 11: Carbon Compounds

Paper 1

1)

Which of the following is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A Alkene C Alcohol B Alkane D Carboxylic acid An alkane with four carbon atoms has the formula A C4 H4 C C4 H8 B C4 H8 D C4 H10 The general formula for alkene is A Cn H2n C Cn H2n + 2 B C2n Hn D Cn H2n + 4

2)

3)

4)

Which of the following is produced when a mixture of propene and hydrogen is channelled over nickel at a temperature of 180 o C? A Propene C Propane B Propanoic acid D Propyl propanoate Which of the following is able to undergo an oxidation reaction? I Alkene II Alkane III Alcohol IV Carboxylic acid A I and II only C II and III only B I and III only D I, III and IV only Esterification occurs when A carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol B an alkene is produced from alcohol through heating C one carbon atom is bonded to an OH group D one big alkane molecule is broken up into smaller alkene molecules Which of the following is a polymer? A Rubber C Glucose B Ethene D Isoprene

5)

6)

7)

8)

The chemical equation below represents the reaction between butene and bromine. Butene + Br2 Y Which of the following is the structural formula for Y?

A H H H H HC C CCH Br H H B H H Br

H H

HC C CCH H Br H Br C H H H H

HC C CCH Br Br H H D H H H H

H C C C C Br H H H Br

9)

The figure below shows the structural formula for an ester molecule.

What is the name of the ester? A Methyl ethanoate B Propyl methanoate

C Propyl ethanoate D Methyl propanoate

10)

The chemical equation below shows the conversion of ethene to ethanol.

300 oC, 60 atmospheric pressure phosphoric acid

C2 H4

H2 O

C2 H5 OH

What is the name of the process shown by the equation above? A Dehydration C Hydrogenation B Hydration D Oxidation

Paper 2 Structured question The figure below shows a series of changes experienced by an organic substance.
I Propan-2-o l III IV Propanoic acid 1,2-dib ro mopropane Propene II H2 , nickel 180o C V Poly mer Q Substance P

(a) Write the molecular formula for propan-2-ol. (b) (i) How can change I be carried out in the laboratory? (ii) Name the reaction that occurs. (c) (i) Name the reaction in change II. (ii) What is the general formula for the homologous series of substance P that is formed? (iii) Substance P has a relative molecular mass of 44. What is the molecular formula for P? [Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C , 12] [Show how you obtain the answer] (d) (i) Name the substance that is needed in change III. (ii) Name the reaction in change III. (iii) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction that occurs. (e) Draw the structural formula for 1,2-dibromopropane. (f) Propene can undergo polymerisation. Name polymer Q, which is formed from the polymerisation process. (g) Propene can be changed back into propan-1-ol. State the substance and condition needed for this change.

Essay question The figure above shows a series of conversions undergone by an organic compound.
+ H2 Alkane X 180o C Propene
Hot porcelain pieces Oxidising agent

Alcohol Y

Propanoic acid

Ester Z

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e)

Draw the structural formula for two isomers of propanol. Name both the isomers. [4 marks] State one chemical test that allows you to differentiate between propene and alkane X. Explain the differences in the observations made during the chemical test. [7 marks] State two similarities that are shown by both propene and alkane X. [2 marks] Both alcohol Y and ester Z are colourless liquids. State two differences between the alcohol Y and ester Z. [2 marks] (i) The table below shows the result of the laboratory activity concerning the coagulation of latex. Procedure Hydrochloric acid is added into the latex Observation Latex coagulates [2 marks]

Explain how hydrochloric acid acts on the latex.

(ii) Latex must be maintained in liquid form in order to be exported out of the country. Suggest one chemical substance that can be added into the latex to maintain it in liquid form. Explain how the chemical substance reacts. [3 marks]

Paper 3

The tyres of vehicles that are made from vulcanised rubber are more elastic. This is because the sulphur atoms are cross-linked with the vulcanised rubber polymers. Unvulcanised rubber produced only from latex that solidifies is less elastic. Based on the situation above, plan one experiment in the laboratory to compare the properties of vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber. Your explanation must contain the following: (a) Purpose of the experiment (b) All the variables (c) Hypothesis statement (d) List of materials and apparatus (e) Procedure of the experiment (f) Tabulation of data

[State the purpose of the experiment] [State all the variables] [State the hypothesis] [List the materials and apparatus] [Choose the procedure] [Tabulate the data]

Ans wers Paper 1 1 A 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 B

Structured question (a) C3 H7 OH (b) (i) Propanol vapour is channelled through the hot porcelain pieces (ii) Dehydration (c) (i) Hydrogenation / addition (ii) Cn H2n+2 (iii) 12n + 2n + 2 = 44 14 n = 42 n=3 Molecular formula P = C3 H8 (d) (i) Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution / Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution (ii) Oxidation (iii) C3 H7OH + 2[O] C2H5 COOH + H2 O (d) (i) Bromine water (ii) Bromination / Addition (e) H H H HC CCH H Br Br (f) Polypropene / polypropylene (g) Material: Steam; Condition: 300o C, 60 atmospheric pressure, phosphoric acid

Essay question
(a) H H H H C CCH H H OH Propan-1-ol H H H

H C CCH H OH H Propan-2-ol

(b) - Add bromine water into propene and into alkane X. - Propene decolourises the brown colour of bromine water. - The brown colour of bromine water remains in alkane X. Or - Add acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution into propene and into alkane X. - Propene decolourises the purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution. - The purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution remains in alkane X. - Propene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon / has a double bond between two carbon atoms - The addition reaction occurs - Alkane X is a saturated hydrocarbon / does not have a double bond between two carbon atoms - The addition reaction does not occur (c) Similarities: - Insoluble in water - Combusts in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water (d) Differences: - Alcohol Y dissolves in water, while ester Z does not - Ester Z smells fruity, while alcohol Y does not (e) (i) - Hydrochloric acid has hydrogen ions that are positively-charged - The hydrogen ions neutralise the negatively-charged membrane of the rubber particles (ii) - Ammonia solution / any alkali - Ammonia solution has hydroxide ions - Hydroxide ions neutralise all the acid that is produced any bacteria present, preventing coagulation

Paper 3 (a) Comparing the property of strength of vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber (b) Variable that is manipulated : Type of rubber strip that responds : Elongation of the rubber strip that is kept constant : Width and thickness of the rubber strip/mass of the weight (c) Vulcanised rubber is stronger than unvulcanised rubber (d) List of materials: Strip of unvulcanised rubber, strip of vulcanised rubber List of apparatus: Retort stand, weight, ruler, clip (e) - The unvulcanised rubber strip is hung using the clip. - The initial length of the unvulcanised rubber is measured. - A weight of 20 g is hung on the strip of unvulcanised rubber. - The length of the unvulcanised rubber strip is measured and the length of the elongation of the rubber strip is recorded. - The experiment is repeated using the vulcanised rubber strip. (f) Type of rubber strip Unvulcanised rubber Vulcanised rubber Elongation of the rubber strip / cm