ABSTRACT

The project is based on the working of temperature controller using and fan as cooler. The circuit automatically senses the temperature and works normally within a particular temperature range. Above that range the sensor produces a signal and automatically turns on the cooling fan to control the testing temperature. 0-100C electronic temperature controller is a circuit using which the temperature can be controlled with the help of a LM35 temperature sensor. The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration. Using a precision reference (TL431) a temperature is set and an accurate comparator in order to construct a simple thermal controlled switch. The temperature that is set is compared with the output of the LM35 which decides whether to energize or de-energize the relay. An LED and an alarm is used to indicate when the device crosses the set temperature. The circuit is very useful in practical areas like heater, iron box etc.

Fig: Circuit diagram of temperature controller using LM35dz

TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35)

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14Cat room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range. While the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is

available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package. Features:

(at +25C) ll 55 to +150C range

-level trimming

-heating, 0.08C in still air

REGULATOR (TL431)
The TL431/TL431Aare three-terminal adjustable regulator series with a guaranteed thermal stability over applicable temperature ranges. The output voltage may be set to any value between VREF (approximately 2.5 volts) and 36 volts with two external resistors These devices have a typical dynamic output impedance of 0.2W Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacement for zener diodes in many applications.

Features:

-Range Temperature Coefficient of 50ppm/C Typical

over Full Rated Operating Temperature Range

-on Response

Components used:
IC1: LM35DZ Precision Celsius (Centigrade) Temperature sensor IC2 : TL431 +2.5V precision voltage reference IC3 : LM358 Dual single supply Op-amp.

LED1 -- 3mm or 5mm LED

Q1 -- General purpose PNP transistor ( A1015,...) with E-C-B pin-out)

D1, D2 -- 1N4148 silicon diodes (or 1SS133) D3, D4 -- 1N400x (x=2,,,,.7) rectifier diodes

ZD1 --- Zener diode, 13V, 400mW

Preset (trim pot) : 2.2K (Temperature set point) (# 222 or 2k2) Resistor : ( 1/4W or 1/6W)

R1 -- 10K R2 -- 4.7M R3 -- 1.2K R4 -- 1K R5 -- 1K R6 -- 33

Capacitors :

C1 -- 0.1 F ceramic or mylar cap (# 104 or 100n)

C2 -- 470 F or 680 F electrolytic cap. (16V min)

Miscellaneous items : 8-pin socket -- x 1 pcs Miniature relay -- DC12V SPDT, Coil=400 or higher

CONCLUSION: The circuit can be used for automatic temperature sensing and
automatically cooling the temperature using temperature sensor (LM35).

REFERNCES:

http://utahmakers.com/showthread.php?tid=106

http://www.escol.com.my/Projects/Project-03(Thermostat-1)/Proj-03.html

http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-0-100c-electronic-temperature-controlledrelay