LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS-ESTABLISHED YEAR-HEADQUARTER

Sr. No.

Title
AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LIBRARY ASSOCIATION(UK) SPECIAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION(SLA)US INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION(ILA) INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS(IASLIC) INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS (IFLA)-COMMONWEALTH LIBRARY ASSOCIATION (COMLA) ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT(ASLIB) INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES(IATLIS)

Year
1876 1977 1909 1933 1955 1927 1972 1924 1969

Place
CHICAGO LONDON WASHINGTO N NEW DELHI CALCUTTA THE HAUGE KINGSTON LONDON

INDEXING SYSTEMS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTOR CHAIN INDEX PRECIS POPSI UNITERM INDEXING KEYWORD INDEXING CITATION INDEXING SUBJECT INDEXING SLIC INDEXING AUTOMATIC INDEXING THESAURAS S.R.RANGANATHAN DEREK AUSTIN G.BHATTACHARYA M.TAUBE H.P.LUHN EUGINE GARFIELD M.E.SEARS J.R.SHARP HERBERT OHLMAN P.M.ROGET

CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES AND YEAR OF PUBLICATION Dewey Decimal Classification Expansive Classificatgion Library of congress Classification Universal Decimal Classification Subject Classification 1876 1891 1904 1905 1906

Colon Classification Bibliographic Classification Riders Internation Classification Broad System of Ordering

1933 1935 1961 1978

MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND THEIR PROFOUNDERS Scientific Management Principles Principles of Management Management by Objectives Hierarchy of Need Theory Theory X and Theory Y Motivation Hygien approach Social Realation of Management F.W. Taylor Henry Fayol Peter Drucker A.Maslaw D. McGregor F. Herzberg Elton Mayo

Internet Related Questions

What is INTERNET? Ans: Internet is the world's largest computer network, the "network of networks". Scattered all over the world When was the INTERNET Created? Ans: It was created thirty six years ago as a project of U.S Department of Defense, What Internet service provider (ISP)? Ans: It is the companies that provide INTERNET access. What is WWW? Ans: It is the system based hypertext and HTTP for providing organizing and accessing wide verity of resources that are available by the INTERNET. What is web page? Ans: It is a unit of information often called a document that is available over the WWW. Name the protocol that allows a computer to use the TCP/IP protocol and connected directly to the Net using a standard voice telephone line and high speed modem: Ans: P P P (point-to-point protocol)]

 It is a software program that acts as an interface between the user and WWW what is it? Ans: Web Browser Name two different type of Web Browser: Ans: Text-based browser and Graphical Browser It collects and organizes resources that are available via the WWW, and designed to provide a starting point for locating information. Name it: Ans: Web Index It is an interactive tool that enables to locate information available via Name it: Ans: Search Engine It is unique, numeric identifier used to specify a particular host computer on a particular network, and is part of a global , standards scheme of identifying machines that are connected with INTERNET Name it: Ans: IP Address (Internet Protocol) It is the way of identify and locate computers connected to the INTERNET Name it: Ans: Domain Name It provides hierarchical way of identifying and locating INTERNET resources on the WWW Name It: Ans: Uniform Resources Locater (URL) A binding document signed by all users that explains the rules of INTERNET use at an institution. Name it: Ans: Acceptable user policy (AUP) What is gopher? Ans: It is a protocol designed to search, retrieve and display documents from remote site on the Internet It is an Internet search tool that has the capability of searching many databases at one time. Name it: Ans: Wide area information service (WAIS) What is FTP (file transfer protocol?) Ans: The medium that allows transferring of files between computers on the net using an FTP program or via Netscape What is E-Journal? Ans: It is an electronics publications, typically found in academic circles What is NNTP? Ans: Network News Transport Protocol-This is used to distribute network news

 Name the security feature that allows access to information on an individual basis: Ans: Authentication

MIPS is an acronym for: Ans: Millions of instructions per second

The duplicate copy of data/program on a separate storage medium is called: Ans: Back up

A center processor placed on a semi-conductor chip is called as a: Ans: Microprocessor

Who invented the modem? Ans: AT&T Information System, USA

Which is standard internet protocol for distributing E-Mail? Ans: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

The computer generated environment is called: Ans: Virtual

Who coined the term hypertext in 1965? Ans: Ted Nelson

Which protocol provides basis for the net? Ans: Internet Protocol IP INSPEC (Information Service for the Physics and Engineering Community) The Inspec database is an invaluable information resource , contains nearly 13 million abstracts and specialized indexing to the world's quality research literature in the fields of physics and engineering. ................IMP published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) [ formerly by the Institution of Electrical

Engineers (IEE),] London 1898 IEE started the publication of Science Abstracts in January 1898 .....................................IMP Inspec was started in 1967 as an outgrowth of the Science Abstracts service Coverage Subjects : Physics, Computer science, Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Communications, Control engineering, Information technology, Manufacturing, Mechanical engineering It's Update frequency is Weekly Since 1967, electronic access to Science Abstracts has been provided by INSPEC Access to INSPEC is currently by the Internet through Inspec Direct from 2008.................................IMP Summer 2005 saw Inspec accredited with the ISO9001:2000 quality standard for its production system. Inspec landmarks [Its r details , not necessary to remember all of it.] 1960s 1964 - Current Papers for the Professional and Electrical and Electronics Engineer launched; 1966 - Control Abstracts - Science Abstracts Section C launched; 1966 - Current Papers in Control and Current Papers in Physics launched; 1967 - INSPEC launched; 1969 - Computerized production system; 1969 - Control Abstracts becomes Computer and Control Abstracts. 1970s 1970 - INSPEC Magnetic Tape Service introduced; 1970 - SDI and Topics Services launched;

 1971 - INSPEC Treatment Codes introduced; 1972 - August - First issue of INSPEC Matters; 1973 - January - INSPEC Thesaurus and Unified Classification Scheme introduced; 1973 - September - INSPEC goes online at Lockheed DIALOG via the Tymeshare network in the USA; 1974 - INSPEC goes online at CISTI and at ESA-IRS; 1974 - September - 1000th issue of Physics Abstracts; 1974 - October - Physics Abstracts reaches one million abstracts; 1975 - Key Abstracts series launched - 6 titles; 1977 - INSPEC goes online at BRS; 1978 - INSPEC goes online at SDC Orbit and FIZ Karlsruhe. 1980s 1981 - April - Electrical and Electronics Abstracts reaches 1000th issue; 1982 - March - Inspec reaches 2 million records; 1983 - IT Focus launched (Section D of the database); 1983 - August - Electrical and Electronics Abstracts reaches one million abstracts; 1984 - July Physics Abstracts reaches two million abstracts; 1984 - September - Inspec extends coverage to IEEE standards; 1984 - October - Japan Update - weekly updating service introduced; 1985 - Treatment code R ('Product Reviews') introduced; 1986 - April - Inspec available on STN; 1987 - January - Inspec reload on ESA-IRS. File now goes back to 1969; 1987 - Chemical and numerical data indexing introduced;

 1987 - Inspec reaches three million records; 1988 - January - Key Abstracts series increased to 18 titles; 1988 - January - Topics and SDI service revamped - output now laser printed; 1988 - June - Inspec Thesaurus available on STN; 1989 - June - Database Upgrade Project completed. Revised database named INSPEC2. 1990s 1990 - November - INSPEC2 loaded on DIALOG; 1990 - December - INSPEC2 loaded on STN; 1991 - March - INSPEC2 loaded on Data-Star; 1991 - September - Inspec Ondisc (produced by UMI) launched; 1991 - October - Inspec reaches four million records; 1992 - Weekly updating of Tape Service introduced; 1992 - Correction Tape Service introduced; 1993 - First loading of corrected records on Data-Star and ESA-IRS; 1993 - November - Inspec available on OCLC's EPIC and FirstSearch Services; 1993 - December - Inspec wins best Information Product from the European Online User Group for the quality Enhancements made to INSPEC2; 1994 - Inspec's Document Delivery Service (run by Ask*IEEE) introduced; 1995 - January - FIZ Kahlsruhe and INSPEC merge the INSPEC and PHYS databases; 1995 - January - Astronomical Object Indexing introduced; 1995 - June - Inspec reaches five million records; 1995 - December - site licences (hard disc) made available from SilverPlatter;

 1996 - Inspec extends coverage to electronic journals; 1996 - Site Licences (hard disc) made available from Ovid; 1997 - Institute of Physics links cited references in journal articles to Inspec records; 1997 - Inspec goes online at QUESTEL; 1998 - Inspec US Marketing Office moves to new location; 1998 - June - Inspec announces New Windows CD-ROM (produced by Headfast); 1998 - August - Inspec reaches six million records; 1998 - October - Inspec national site licence made available for academic institutions in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. 2000s 2000 - January - Electronic delivery (via e-mail in HTML format) of INSPEC's fortnightly Topics and SDI service; 2000 - February - Inspec made available via ScienceDirect; 2000 - March - Prominent IEE Journals made available via SilverPlatter's SilverLinker; 2001 - August - Inspec reaches seven million records; 2002 - Inspec available on Web of Knowledge; 2002 - Inspec available on EBSCOhost; 2003 - December - Section E: manufacturing and production engineering added; 2003 - Inspec sales office opened in Hong Kong; 2004 - Inspec Archive (Science Abstracts 1898 - 1968) produced; 2004 - Inspec reaches eight million records; 2008 - Inspec Direct launched; 2008 - Inspec reaches ten million records.

Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS ) It is premier bibliographic database in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine. Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) has published Index Medicus, a monthly guide to medical articles in thousands of journals. It was launched by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) in 1964 as a computerised system known as MEDLARS. In 1971 an online version called MEDLINE The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. MEDLINE is the primary component of PubMed Some of the data basesMEDLINE, CATLINE,AVLINE, HISTLINE, SERLINE, and SDILINE are created and maintained solely by NLM. Some of the Databases of NLM PubMed PubMed comprises more than 21 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books MeSH Browser The MeSH Browser is an online vocabulary look-up aid available for use with MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). It is designed to help quickly locate descriptors of possible interest and to show the hierarchy in which descriptors of interest appear. Virtually complete MeSH records are available, including the scope

notes, annotations, entry vocabulary, history notes, allowable qualifiers, etc TOXNET - Databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals, environmental health, and toxic releases. Web Browser ..One Question May be 1990 --The first web browser was invented in by Tim Berners-Lee. It was called WorldWideWeb and was later renamed Nexus A web browser are an application software The major web browsers are Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari

Launched Year Web Browser 1994 Netscape Navigator

1995 1996 2003 2004 2008

Developed by Netscape Communications Corporation (now part of AOL) Internet Explorer Microsoft Corporation the most widely used web browser Opera Opera Software ASA Safari Apple Inc. Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Corporation Open Source Web Browser Google Chrome Google

Usages of Web Browser (As On 2012) Internet Explorer Google Chrome Firefox Safari 27.95% 23.96% 21.80% 13.64%

Web Browser and Examination View Question may on First web Browser? Ans- 1990 --The first web browser was invented in by Tim Berners-Lee. It was called WorldWideWeb and was later renamed Nexus

Which is the Open Source web Browser Ans2004 Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Corporation Open Source Web Browser

What is Web Browser? With options (System software, Application software, operating software, search Engine) Ans1995 Internet Explorer Microsoft Corporation the most widely used web browser

Matching the Pairs Web Browser and Their Developers or web Browser and one example is another side List is given and ask which is odd one or which is not a web browse Unicode ? UNICODE stands for Universal character encoding, maintained by the Unicode Consortium. This encoding standard provides the basis for processing,storage and interchange of text data in any language in all modern software and ICT protocols. It uses two bytes or 16 bits to code each character. What is firewall A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. What is Webinar? Webinar is a short for Web-based seminar, a presentation, lecture, workshop or seminar that is transmitted over the Web.

A key feature of a Webinar is its interactive elements -- the ability to give, receive and discuss information. Contrast with Webcast, in which the data transmission is one way and does not allow interaction between the presenter and the audience. What is router? -A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP??s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts. What is Delphi Technique ? Delphi technique helps managers and decision makers to make better forecasts and advice. This method recognises human judgments as legitimate and makes useful inputs in generating forecasts and also that the judgment of a number of informed people is likely to be better than the judgment of a single individual who may be misinformed or highly biased. Thus, the Delphi technique is a way of allowing only those interactions to occur that are likely to improve the quality of a forecast or decision. The Delphi Technique has been widely used to generate forecasts in technology, education and other fields. It may also be possible to apply this technique as an evaluation technique in case a situation demands. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) The Program (or Project) Evaluation and Review Technique, commonly abbreviated PERT, is a statistical tool, used in project management is designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project developed by the United States Navy in the 1950s it is commonly used in conjunction with the critical path method or CPM. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (code-named PERT) is applied as a decisionmaking tool designed to save time in achieving end-objectives, and is of particular interest to those engaged in research and development programs for which time is a critical factor.

Critical path method (CPM) The critical path method (CPM) is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities It is an important tool for effective project management. The critical path method (CPM) is a project modeling technique developed in the late 1950s by Morgan R. Walker of DuPont and James E. Kelley, Jr. of Remington Rand CPM calculates the longest path of planned activities to the end of the project, and the earliest and latest that each activity can start and finish without making the project longer In project management, a critical path is the sequence of project network activities which add upto the longest overall duration ShannonWeaver model of communication has been called the "mother of all models. It embodies the concepts of information source,message, transmitter, signal, channel, noise, receiver, In 1948 Claude Elwood Shannon published A Mathematical Theory of Communication article in two parts in the July and October numbers of the Bell System Technical Journal.[2 The book co-authored with Warren Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, reprints Shannon's 1948 article and Weaver's popularization of it Shannon's theory is used more literally and is referred to as Shannon theory, or information theory Shannon's formula is where C is channel capacity measured in bits/second, W is the bandwidth in Hz, S is the signal level in watts across the bandwidth W, and N is the noise power in watts in the bandwidth W.

Electronic mail? commonly known as email or e-mail An email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and the message body.

What is WorldCat? WorldCat is a global network of library content and services that uses the Web to let your institution be more connected, more open and more productive. WorldCat is a union catalog WorldCat was founded by Fred Kilgour in 1967 It is the world's largest bibliographic database In 2003, OCLC began the "Open WorldCat" pilot program OCLC makes WorldCat itself available free to libraries N-LIST? An Initiative of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) Under the National Mission on Education through ICT NLIST abbreviated as "National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content Besides 12B/2F colleges, NLIST Programme is now opened to Non -Aided Colleges (except Agriculture, Engineering, Management, Medical, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing). being jointly executed by the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre and the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi for i) cross-subscription to e-resources subscribed by the two Consortia, i.e. subscription to INDEST-AICTE resources for universities and UGCINFONET resources for technical institutions; and ii) access to selected e-resources to colleges. The N-LIST project provides access to e-resources to students, researchers and faculty from colleges and other beneficiary institutions Server(s) is installed at the INFLIBNET Centre Open Source Software and Libraries The areas Where libraries can see the implemanataion of OSS Library Management Systems e.g.KOHA,Evergreen,NewGenlib Digital Libraries (Greenstone ,Dspace,Eprint

E-Publishing Federated Searching (Open Jounal System (OJS)) Consortium Management Conten Management System (Joomla ,PlonePostnuke,Xoops,Srupal E-Learning Softwares (Moodle,Atutor,Claroline,OLAT,Saki Project)

Library Management Systems?

KOHA Koha is the first free and open source software Integrated Library System (ILS), Koha was developed in 1999 by Katipo Communications in New Zealand Koha is distributed under the Free Software General Public License (GPL) version 2 or later

NewGenLib NewGenLib is an integrated library management system developed by Verus Solutions Pvt Ltd. Domain expertise is provided by Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge Management in Hyderabad, India. NewGenLib version 1.0 was released in March 2005 NewGenLib was declared Open Source Software under GNU GPL Licence NewGenLib uses UNICODE 3.0

Greenstone Greenstone is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project in 2000 Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distrubting digital library collection Conten Management System (Joomla ,PlonePostnuke,Xoops,Drupal)

Drupal Drupal was created in 2000 Developed by a Dries Buytaert (Belgian) It is a Content Management System modular The standard release of Drupal known as Drupal core Drupal uses Apache,MySql and PHP website of White House ,United States is developed over Drupal Drupal is Licensed under GNU Jooomla is a free source Open Content Management System (CMS) developed in Sept 2005. it wins Packet publishing Open Souirce Content Management System Award in 2006 and 2007 Joomla plugins previously known as Mambots Plone It is a free Content Management System (CMS) it is realsed under GNU (Genral Public License (GPL) N-LIST 1 INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad 1. Background The Project entitled National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST), being jointly executed by the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre and the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi provides for i) cross-subscription to eresources

subscribed by the two Consortia, i.e. subscription to INDEST-AICTE resources for universities and UGCINFONET resources for technical institutions; and ii) access to selected e-resources to colleges. The N-LIST project provides access to e-resources to students, researchers and faculty from colleges and other beneficiary institutions through server(s) installed at the INFLIBNET Centre. The authorized users from colleges can now access e-resources and download articles required by them directly from the publishers website once they are duly authenticated as authorized users through servers deployed at the INFLIBNET Centre. The project has four distinct components, i.e. i ) to subscribe and provide access to selected UGC-INFONET e-resources to technical institutions (IITs, IISc, IISERs and NITs) and monitor its usage; ii) to subscribe and provide access to selected INDEST e-resources to selected universities and monitor its usage; iii) to subscribe and provide access to selected e-resources to 6,000 Govt./ Govt.-aided colleges and monitor its usage; and iv) to act as a Monitoring Agency for colleges and evaluate, promote, impart training and monitor all activities involved in the process of providing effective and efficient access to e-resources to colleges. The INDEST and UGC-INFONET are jointly responsible for activity listed at i) and ii) above. The INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad is responsible for activities listed at iii) and iv) above. The INFLIBNET Centre is also responsible for developing and deploying appropriate software tools and techniques for authenticating authorized users. 2. Current Status

As on April 22, 2010, a total number of 1,176 colleges have registered themselves with the NLIST programme including 659 Govt. / Govt.-aided colleges covered under the 12 B Act of the UGC. Log-in ID and password for accessing e-resources has been sent to the authorized users from these 659 colleges. Remaining colleges are being advised to join the initiative as N-LIST Associates. All e-resources subscribed for colleges under the N-LIST Project are now accessible to these 659 colleges through the N-List website. 3. Beneficiary Institutions The following four sets of institutions are benefitting from the N-LIST Project: i) Universities covered under Phase I of the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium can now access Web of Science. ii) IITs, IISc, IISERs and selected NITs (i.e. core members of the INDEST-AICTE Consortium) can now access selected e-resources namely Annual Reviews, Project Muse and Nature. iii) 6,000 Govt. / Govt.-aided colleges covered under 12 B Act of the UGC can now access se lected electronic resources including electronic journals, electronic books and bibliographic databases. These resources include more than 2100 e-journals and 51,000 e-books. iv) Colleges, not covered under the 12B Act of the UGC, can benefit from the N-LIST Programme by joining the programme as its Associate. These colleges will be required to pay a fixed amount towards subscription to e-resources and annual subscription.

Open Journal Systems (OJS) is an open-source software for the management of peer-reviewer academic journals,

created by the Public Knowledge Project, released under the GNU General Public License. released in 2001 OJS Features OJS is installed locally and locally controlled. Editors configure requirements, sections, review process, etc. Online submission and management of all content. Subscription module with delayed open access options. Comprehensive indexing of content part of global system. Reading Tools for content, based on field and editors' choice. Email notification and commenting ability for readers. Complete context-sensitive online Help support. OJS is open source software made freely available to journals worldwide for the purpose of making open access publishing a viable option for more journals A COUNTER plugin (Counting Online Usage of Networked Electronic Resources) OJS is written in PHP, uses either a MySQL or PostgreSQL database Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Means "wireless local area network (WLAN) Vic Hayes has been called the "father of Wi-Fi" he term Wi-Fi, first used commercially in August 1999 The term Wi-Fi was created by an organization called the Wi-Fi Alliance Wi-Fi networks locations are known as hot spots The activity of locating and exploiting security-exposed wireless LANs is called war driving. An identifying iconography, called war chalking, Wi-Fi networks have limited range of 32 m (120 ft) indoors and 95 m (300 ft) outdoors

Wi Fi is based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards Li-Fi is the term some have used to label the fast and cheap wireless-communication system, which is the optical version of Wi-Fi WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates .WiMAX is sometimes referred to as "Wi-Fi on steroids" Cataloging in Publication (CIP) A Cataloging in Publication record is a bibliographic record prepared by the Library of Congress for a book that has not yet been published. When the book is published, the publisher includes the CIP data on the copyright page thereby facilitating book processing for libraries and book dealers. The Library of Congress to assign control numbers in advance of publication to those titles that may be added to the Library's collections. Some Terms and concepts in Management Unit Total Quality Management (TQM) is a concept created by W. Edwards Deming. Six Sigma is a business management strategy, originally developed by Motorola, USA in 1986 The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is developed by the United States Navy in the 1950s The Critical Path Method (CPM) (an algorithm for scheduling ) developed in the late 1950s by Morgan R. Walker and James E. Kelley The term "Marketing Mix" was coined in 1953 by Neil Borden Peter Phyrr used Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB) term first Programme Budgeting System was first introduced by the then United States Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara in 1960s.

The National Knowledge Commission The National Knowledge Commission is a high-level advisory body to the Prime Minister of India, with the objective of transforming India into a knowledge society.

National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was constituted on 13th June 2005 the National Knowledge Commission has been given a mandate to guide policy and direct reforms, focusing on certain key areas such as education, science and technology, agriculture, industry, e-governance Easy access to knowledge, creation and preservation of knowledge systems, dissemination of knowledge and better knowledge services are core concerns of the commission. Mr. Sam Pitroda is the Chairperson of NKC The Secretariat of the Commission is located in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. Some of the issues under consideration of National Knowledge Commission are: 1.institutional framework of libraries; 2.networking; 3.education, training and research; 4.modernization and computerization of libraries; 5.maintenance of private and personal collections and staff requirements to meet changing needs.