Generic Name: Hyoscine Butylbromide Brand Name: Amucin, Ascopen, Buscin, Buscomed, Buscopan, Busopin, Buston, Fucon, Gascopan,

Gastride, Losil, Rotomide, Scolmin, Spasmosan, Xspas Classification: Antispasmodic, Muscle Relaxant Indications: 1. Spasms of the stomach, intestines or bile duct (gastro-intestinal tract), including those associated with irritable bowel syndrome 2. This injectable form of hyoscine may also be used before certain medical procedures (e.g., endoscopy) to relax the smooth muscle of the stomach and intestines (gastrointestinal tract). Buscopan tablets contain the active ingredient hyoscine butylbromide, which is a type of medicine called an antispasmodic. It is used to relieve colicky abdominal pain that is caused by painful spasms in the muscles of the gastro-intestinal (GI) or genito-urinary (GU) tract.

Mechanism of Action

Hyoscine works by relaxing the muscle that is found in the walls of the stomach, intestines, bowel, bile duct and urinary tract. This type of muscle is called smooth muscle or involuntary muscle. It normally contracts and relaxes in response to natural body chemicals called neurotransmitters. The contractions are caused by a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. These contractions are not under our conscious control and we are not normally aware of them. However, if the muscles go into spasm this can cause pain. Hyoscine stops the spasms in the smooth muscle by preventing acetylcholine from acting on the muscle. It does this by blocking the receptors on the muscle cells that the acetylcholine would normally act on. By preventing acetylcholine from acting on the muscle in the GI and GU tracts, hyoscine reduces the muscle contractions. This allows the muscle to relax and reduces the painful spasms and cramps. Contraindications Abnormal muscle weakness Abnormally large or dilated large intestine (megacolon) Rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency (Buscopan tablets contain sucrose). Children under 6 years of age Narrow-angle glaucoma Acute hemorrhage Paralytic ileus Tachycardia due to cardiac insufficiency Myasthenia gravis Use in Caution in People with Elderly people People with a very fast heartbeat (tachycardia) Heart failure Overactive thyroid gland People susceptible to blockages in the urinary tract and difficulty passing urine, for example men with an enlarged prostate gland People susceptible to blockages in the intestines. People with a high temperature (fever). Pregnancy. This medicine should be used with caution during pregnancy, and only if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than the possible risk to the foetus, particularly in the first trimester. Breastfeeding. It is not known if this medicine passes into breast milk. It should be used with caution in nursing mothers, and only if the benefits to the mother outweigh any risks to the nursing infant.

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Indications Dosage

Listed in Dosage. PO Genitourinary spasm; GI spasm As butylbromide: 20 mg 4 times/day. Motion sickness As hydrobromide: 300 mcg 30 mins before journey, then 300 mcg 6 hrly if needed. Max: 3 doses in 24 hr. IV/IM Genitourinary spasm; GI spasm As butylbromide: 20 mg, repeat 30 mins later if needed. Max: 100 mg/day. IM/SC Anesth premed As hydrobromide: 0.2-0.6 mg 30-60 mins before induction of anesth. SC Prevention of nausea and vomiting As hydrobromide: 0.3-0.6 mg. Pre-op sedationAs hydrobromide: 0.6 mg 3-4 times/day. Ophth Mydriasis and cycloplegia for refraction As 0.25% soln: As hydrobromide: Instill 1-2 drops 1 hr before procedure. Iridocyclitis As 0.25% soln: As hydrobromide: Instill 1-2 drops up to 4 times/day.Transdermal Prevention of motion sickness As patch delivering 1 mg over 3 days: Apply 1 patch at least 4 hr before journey. Click to view hyoscine Dosage by Indications Hyoscine butylbromide: May be taken with or without food. Hyoscine hydrobromide: May be taken with or without food. For action to be taken in the event of accidental overdose ... click to view hyoscine Narrow-angle glaucoma, acute haemorrhage, paralytic ileus, tachycardia due to cardiac insufficiency, myasthenia gravis. Hepatic/renal disease, pyloric stenosis, urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, psychosis, seizure disorders, ulcerative colitis, coronary artery disease, tachyarrhythmias, heart failure, hypertension. Elderly, children, pregnancy, lactation. Flushing, postural hypotension, tachycardia, fibrillation. Rarely psychotic reactions. Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, memory loss. Dry skin, erythema, increased sensitivity to light, rash. Bloatedness, constipation, dry throat, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia. Dysuria, urinary retention. Tremor, weakness. Impaired accommodation, blurred vision, cycloplegia, dryness, narrow-angle glaucoma, increased intraocular pain, itching, photophobia, pupil dilation. Dry nose. Decreased diaphoresis, heat intolerance. Ophthalmic: Somnolence, dermatitis, oedema, exudate, follicular conjunctivitis, increased IOP, local irritation, photophobia, vascular and respiratory congestion. Potentially Fatal: CNS depression, coma, circulatory and respiratory failure. Additive sedative effects with alcohol or other CNS depressants. Reduced effects with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine). Potentially Fatal: Effect potentiated by other anticholinergic drugs and TCAs. Click to view more hyoscine Drug Interactions For caution against possible drug interference in lab test results ... click to view hyoscine

Administration Overdosage Contraindications Special Precautions

Adverse Drug Reactions

Drug Interactions

Lab Interference Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category C: Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Mechanism of Action MIMS Class For details of the mechanism of action, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics and toxicology ... click to view hyoscine Antivertigo Drugs / Muscle Relaxants / Mydriatic Drugs / Antispasmodics