1 Chapter

Equipment: Tools
you beginto correct yourchartsThe It is recommended you havethepropertoolsbefore that who sellsbrand followingitemsarerecommended canbe bought and from anygoodstationer names suchas Staedtler, RotringandLinex Standardgraph, l Pns and Youneedtwo penswith different sizes nib, eg.0.15mm 0 25 mm. of informahon a 0.25mm to delete. is and nib It Usea 0.l5mm nib to insert the necessary follow the instructions to accompanying penofyour choice you cankeepit cleanandin goodworkingorder so that clearly. The colourshouldbevioletso thatyou canseeyourupdates by FlagState, Class Insurance and Also, theycanbe seen PortState, surveyor inspection teams. For chanwork mariners may prefera softerpencilsuchas a 28. positions pointfor pin-pointing 7H. This is a hardpencilwith a sharp rule anddividers a tracing. tracingis x or A whenusingeithera parallel qDlcklyTracings be obtaiDed an can usefultool for positioning update through appointed AdmiraltyChartAgents. 4 5. Eraser Adhesive " This should softandusedonly for rubbing pencilmarksor facks be out on charts NMs recorded theNP 133A. or in ontocharts. This is to be used whenstickingNM blocksandnotes theproduct known Therearemanytypes adhesive themarket of on but as "Positionable Mounting Adhesive Rolls", a 3M productunderthe brand nameScotchrM, strongly is recommended. thereis no distofiion As to the chart or the block, you will find that you can obtaina perfect fit; andit is permanent.

2.

Ink

3.

Pencils

6.

Parallelrule Therearctwo lypes: a. Roller b. Stepping for of Both areperfectly suitable thepurpose plottingchartupdates. Dividers Compass Bow dividers morcsensitive accurate are for Dositioning. pieceofequipment Dpdating for With a penattachment, an essential is you haveto drawlargecirclesor sectors, example, Pos;riart where for the point gentl! b awd piercing the chart.

7. 8.

9.

Ilacksawblade A useful tool which you can useto dmw the symbolfor a cable.The bladeshould haveabout14 teetb I inch (2.5cm). carefulto usethe to Be bladeso thatyourpenwill flow overtheteeth. Straightedge A steelstraight preferably metrein length, edge, I with a trueand straight edgeis a usefultool for findinga position a chart.It is a on slowerprocess usinga parallel than ruleranddividers thereis less but room for elror, Template With various sizes holes, of should used drawing be for symbols for radarandradiobeacons, smallcircular limits,etc.

10.

Equipment: Publications
t2.
NP 13JA ChartConection Log.This publication may bepurchased ftom any appointed AdmiraltyChartAgent.It hstseverychartnumerically is and (by usedto record updates theirNM number) against chartaffected. any It is recommended whentheAdmiraltyNMs arereceived that, (see Chapter Notics Mariners (Section you should 2r to II) identifythose chartswhich are affectedand rccord the relevantNM numberagainst your chafislaterin thechaftnumber theNP 133A. in Youcancorrect ink andcrosstheappropriate number NM through pencilin NP 133A in asyou complete each update. dateof theNew Edition/New The Chart should entered ink as a permanent yeardatefor the be in record. The cunentyearofNMs shouldbeunderlined thatit is not confused so with an NM number. thenextpageis an example On extract NP 133A. of If you only havea few charts you aboard, maypreferto usea lined jotter or notebookwith a list of thechaftnumbers numerical in order Merchant marine officers maypreferto usea cardindexsystem based program be adapted accommodate on folio content, computer A can to -On-Linethisinformation. canuseAdmiraltyNotices Mariners You to (ANMO) Service (see page54),or theoutfit management services an of Intemational AdmiraltyChartAgent(IACA). Whichever syslem used, is vital thatan up-to-date is lt rccordis maintained all updates of affecting charts all held.Withoutsucha record it is veryeasyto losetrackof whercyou areup to in theupdatrng process. thishappens, process become If the will chaotic you are and likely to missseveml notices.

ChartNo. 3061

Folio No. 89

Nolices to Mariners allecting chart 198706T 2 (NE)-?@?-lr7-2127-5172-il35-M-?313-2973

1990 DEC21 (NO-@?-429-559-783-5475-@3-756

3062

ll

Exractfrom ChanColmtion Log NP l33A

13.

f{P 234

This is the "Cumulative List ofAdmiralty Notices to Mariners" which is publishedtwice a year:The first is publishedin Januaryand includes two TheJuly published duringtheprevious years. all NM numbers edition includesall the NM numberspublishedduring the Prcvioustwo and a half years.lt also containsthe larestedition datesfor all chartsin of the Admiralty series.It is a very useful tool for checkingthe accuracy your recordof updates. is the only sourceof information when setting It up an NM recordsystemfor the fust time. The CumulativeNM List, NP 234, can also be found on the UKHO web site www.ukho.gov'uk. This is a bookletentitled"Symbolsand AbbEviations usedon Admiralty by Chaits" but it is alsoknown andrccognised ils clErt numberlt explains everysymbolusdon Admiralrychartsandshouldb usedasa guide whichis process. Chart5011is a publication duringtlle chartupdating updatedby NM when necessary. are or to Whenimportantchanges routeingmeasures otherchartedfeatures givenday,it is imponantthat chartsusersare due to comeinto force on a beforetheeventtakesplace. awareof thechanges rs thesechanges to issuea way to promulgate the Sometimes easiest day,with the new of new edition of the chart in advance the changeover This chart will then be readily availablefor usewhen situationdepictedoccurs.Howeveruntil that date,marinersshouldcontinue the changeover to usethe existingedition of the chart. To stop the existing and new chartsbecomingmixed up, the UKHO 'X' chan. Madnersare instructedto refersto the existingchart as an 'X'. Both mark the chart numberon the existingchart with a prefix chanswill then needto be kept up{o-date until the new edition comes updates will Separate into force,whenthe 'X' chartwill be cancelled. ihe 'X' chart.The dateand time that be issuedfor the new edilion and the new edition comesinto force will be shownon the chart.Unlessfte after the new edition has beendistributed, changeover dateis postponed 'X' chan. only (T) NMs will b issuedto updatethe

14.

Chart 5011

15.

'X'Charts explained

16.

Annual Sun|mary (NP247)

TheAnnDal SDmmary ofAdmiraltyNotices Mariners published to is in yearIt contains textofAnnualNotices Madners January each the to issued in thatyear,a repnntof all Temporary Preliminary and Noticesto Mariners iDforceat thebeginning theyearanda rcprintof amendments of to publication the Admiralty Sailing Directions have that been issued since of latest edrlons supplements. is an essential ofa chartoutfit. or This part Youshouldmakesurethatyou haveoneon boardassoonaspossible published afterit hasbeen AnnualNotices bedownloaded can ftom the UKHO web site. Althoughnot mandatory, chaftusers may find it usefulto keepthejr chart catalogue up-to-date new chartsandnew editionspublished those for and withdrawnwithoutreplacement Chartlimlts may be drawnin or deleted on the appropriate indexsheet NP 131andthechartnumberand title in inserted deleted appropriate theopposite pagein therelevant place or as on This will ensure correctchartscanbe ordered the vessel scheduled the if is to takepassage throughsuchareas

t7.

Chart Catalogue (NPr31)

2 Chapter
Notices Mariners: to
to Notices Edition Admiralty of from Information available theWeekly Mariners.
to On the front cover there is a list of Contents, reference Copyright, importantFax and and a requestto inform the UKHO on telephone numbers,e-mail and web site addresses, in discoveryof new dangersand of shortcomings Admiralty products.

I Section

List Publications Notes, Explanatory

of SearchableNotices to Mariners are availablefrom the UKHO web site.For an explanation how usethe web site,seepage54. to access and guidance notesfor the useof Admiralty Noticesto Mariners of The beginning SectionI contains notesaboutspecificitemswithin the WeeklyNotices on-line.Thereare a numberof explanatory to Mariners. It is strongly recommended that you thoroughlyread the "EXPLANATORY NOTES". by of At the beginning the PublicationsList is an index of Admiralty Chartsaffected the (outlinedbelow) and finally sections thereare a numberof standard List. Thereafter Publications any "one-off' announcements. Admiralty Charts ond Publications Now Published and Available. This part containsa list of New Charts and Publications, followed by New Editions of Charts and Publications published from Admiralty ChartAgents.lt is importantto monitorthis in the last week and available editionof a chartwhich hasbeen informationin caseyou shouldbe lefi with an out-of-date the a When you receive new chartor new edition.you must destroy superseded a new version. by edition of a chart. to copiesimmediately. lt is dangerous use an out-of'-date old superseded Admiralty Charts and Publications to be Published.A list of chartsto be publishedas new to scheduled be chartsor new editionsof existingchartsand a list of new Admiralty publications from Admiralty Chart Agents on publishedon a certaindate in the future. They will be available orderscan be placedwith your Admiralty Chart Agent. this date.This is included so that advanced revisesthe publicationdate of a chart or publication publicstion dates.This paragraph Revised for A in which has beenannounced previousweeks. reason any delayis given. Admiralty Charts and Publicationspermanently withdrawn, As a result of the publicationof a area of certainotherchartsor publications the samegeographical new chartor new publication. as copiesare destroyed soonas and withdrawn.It is importantthat the cancelled may be cancelled you receivethe new copy. Admiralty Ruster Chart Services- Latest Issue Dates of Regional Discs. As well as the last issue in for re-issue dateis promulgated regionaldiscsdue to be superseded the near datethe intended future. Retail Prices entitledRevisedUK Recommended From tirne to time there will be a paragraph and price of Admiralty Chartsand Publications (RRP(IIK)).lt will adviseyou of the latestrevised the date this will take effect.

Also from time to time, there will be an announcement under the headingAdmiralty Distributor Information to show the appointmentof new Admiralty Distributorsand ChartAgents,the termination appointments any changes the address contactdetails. of in and or Erratum. Occasionally, the end of SectionI, correctionsto textualerrorswhich have occurred at in earlierWeeklyeditionsof Admiralty Noticesto Marinerswill appear.

(Monthly) lA Notices Section Temporary Preliminary and

This section month and a list of those contains list of T&P noticescancelled a duringthe previous published T&P noticespreviously and still in force.

(Quarterly) lB Publications Section Current Hydrographic

Information is providedon HydrographicPublicationsat the end of March, June,September and December. This sectionlists the cuffent editionsof: . Admiralty SailingDirectionsand their latestSupplements, . Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals; . Admiralty List of Radio Signals; . Admiralty Tidal Publications. This informationis alsocontained the Cumulative List of Admiraltv Noticesto Mariners(NP 234). in which is published everysix months.

ll Notices Mariners. to Section Admiralty to Updates Standard Navigational Charts

to GeographiculIndex. This index gives you a quick reference thosepagesdealingwith updates geographical to chartsin a particular area. Index PagesOn receiptof the Weekly Edition you shouldlook at the Index of Charts Affected and compareit with your stock record to identify thosechartsto be updated.The appropriate NM numbers shouldbe inserted or against affbcted the chartin your NP 133.A otherrecordas in regions. glance A explained Chapterl. NMs areprintedin numericalorderwithin geographical page numberfbr a at the Index of Notices on the previouspagewill identify the appropriate particular NM. SomeInternational/Admiralty ChartAgents(IACAs/ACAs)can supplylists of NM numbers tailoredto your chartsaboard. Chart UpdatesThe first Notice in SectionII refersto Miscellaneous Updatesto Charts.These updatesnormally ariseas consequential action to overlappingor different scalechartson publication a New Chartor New Edition.For example, new chart limits may haveto be inserted of on a smaller scalechart coveringthe sameareaas a new chart or limits deletedif a chart has been withdrawn.Alternatively,cautionarynotesmay needto be insertedor the wording altered. SeeChapter 3 "Notices to Mariners: format of Chart Updates" for a more detaileddescription of the structureof NMs and Chapter 4 for examplesof different types of NM with noteson how to carrv out the uodates.

Temporaryand Preliminary NMs: Theseare shown by (T) or (P) after the NM number and a reference the year of publication. to The explanatory notesat the beginningof SectionI of the Weekly edition includesfurther explanation. TemporaryNoticesmay be issuedto warn of temporarychanges aids to navigationor to warn you of hazardsof a temporarynaturee.g. a in navalexercise, exploratory drilling, dredging, etc. Preliminary Noticesmay containthe latest information aboutnew pemanentdevelopments harbour e._9. works,or a bridgeunderconstruction. They may alsoprovideyou with . advanced notice of permanent changes about to take place, ' an outline of changes fbund in an examinationof a new surveyor a foreign chart which will later be promulgatedby block correctionor partial new edition. Thesenoticesareplacedat the end of SectionII and printedonly on one sideof the pageso that you can cut them out and pastethem in a notebookor loose leaf folder for readyreference. The infbrmation containedin T & P noticesis importantnavigationalinfbrmation which shouldbe inserted onto your in-usechartsin pencil. The numberof the NM shouldalsobe inserted against the aflectedchart numberin your records NP 133A,alsoin pencil.A monthlylist is published which listsall T & P notices fbrce(seeSection in lA).

Section Reprints NewZealand llA of NMs

Sincethe publicationof Weekly Edition 9 dated6th March 1993,it has been the practiceto select only thoseNew ZealandNMs that meet the criteriain Annual Notice 9 and publishthem as Admiralty NMs. However,for thosewho require to know the full detailsfor all New Zealandchart updating(ie not T & P) NMs, thereis an unabridged versionof theseproduced SectionIIA. in At the end of SectionII, you will find cautionarynotes,blocks,depthtablesand diagramsassociated with the updates listedin Section II.

Section Reprints selected lll of Radio Navigational Warnings

Seethe note at the startof SectionIII of the Weekly Edition. More detailsregardingthis informationcan be found in Annual Notice 13 and the Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume3. Thesewarningsare selected reprintsof thoseissuedand promulgatedthrough the Worldwide NavigationalWarning Service(WWNWS) in the week precedingthe in-force date at the top of the page.Warningsreceivedthrough the WWNWS and thosein SectionIII shouldbe plotted on in-use chartsin pencil, as appropriate.

Section Amendments Admiralty lV to (SDs). Directions Sailing

Admiralty Sailing Directionsare complementary the chart and to other navigational to publications.It is important,therefore,to have a systemwherebyany amendments be can easily retrievedand crossreferenced the particularsectionof the parentpublication.It is to recommended that amendments kept in a file with the latest 'in force' list of amendments are (publishedperiodically at the end of SectionIV) on the top. The list can then be consultedwhen using the parentbook to seeif any amendments affectingthe areaunder consideration in force. are It is not recommended amendments stuckin the parentbook or supplement. that be

10

V Section

(ALLs) AmendmentsAdmiralty of Lights FogSignals Lists and to

Each week thereare changes aff-ecting volumesof ALLs. The most importantof thesechanges the in are ref'lected the chart updatesbut not necessarily the sameweekly edition. in This infbrmationis printedon one sideof the pageso that you can eithercut it out and stick it in so the affectedvolume, or keep it filed separately that you can easily refer to it. It is also important to annotate recordof amendments the inside the fiont cover of eachvolume when the amendments havebeencomnleted.

(ALRS). List Signals Vl to Section Amendments Admiralty of Radio

shouldbe carried Equally importantis the information containedin thesevolumesand amendments out in the samemanneras thosein the Lists of Lights and Fog Signals. Note for Port Note (H102) and a Hydrographic At the end of eachWeeklyBulletin a Hydrographic (Hl02a) is includedfor your useif you find any informationof navigational importance Information on which is not already your chartand which you wish to tell us about.

Chapter 3
Notices Mariners: to Format ChartUpdates of
The text of a chart updating notice always follows the sameformat:

ENGLAND - East Coast- The Wash- Lynn Deeps, Bull Dog Channel,WisbechChanneland King's Lynn Wreck, Light-beacon.Buoyage. Depths. 6L= -=-r Lieht List Vol. A. 2004105- 6.2 217 So-urce: MRCC Yarmouth, Portof Wisbech Authority andKing's Lynn ConservancV Board<--@ Note.' FormerNotice 1966(P)/03 cancelled is @---2087* r1_-> \-/ 6t------ Intttt \Y/ Chart 108| previous update 5328/03 ETRS89 DATUM I

fA|rO

53. 00'.05N., 2l'.87E. 0.

Chart ll90 flNT 1508)[ previousupdate615/04 ] ETRS89 DATUM Insert

i l8': wk

-.E

Chart 1200(INT 1556)(plan F, King's Lynn) lpreviousupdate I 54/03I ETRS89DATUM 5 Insert

(a Y Y

53"00'.05N., 2t'.87E. 0'

I o.n
-.q

52"45',.325N., 23',.487E. 0"

Chart 1200(INT 1556)| previousupdate I 54/03I ETRS89 5 DATUM Insert

i18':wk ,
A
E

53. 00'.05N., 2t'.87E. 0" 52. 51'.02N., 13',.39E. 0" 52' 50',.63N., t2'.49E. 00 52"51'.20N., 13',.74E. 0' (existingcontour) 52' 50"99N.,00 13'.44E. 52. 50'.80N., l2'.98E. 0" 52' 50',.87N., 13',.04E. 0" (a) above (b) above

O(O+LF\.l5sLake

c MAC A VQ(3)ss BY8

joining: drying approximate contour,

Delete

fo.re,

WY

e@)+LFl.rls Lake

joining: formerdrying approximate contour,

The NM number in the current year which should be recorded at the bottom left hand corner of the chart after you have updatedthe chart. An asterisk indicates that the notice is based on original information. The title includes the geographicalarea or country, a more specific region or port and the nature of the update. When the update affects a light and/or radio signal, the relevantAdmiralty List of Lights and/or Admiralty List of Radio Signals volume and the appropriatenumber will be shown. The sourceof the information is shown under the title of the NM.

B
C

Occasionallyan informativeNote is included.Thesenotesmay be usedto indicatesuchthings as a T or P NM being cancelledby the promulgation of that particular chart update,when other charts affected by the sourceinformation will be updatedin due coursee.g. by block or NE, and when the NM affects "Certain Copies only." "Certain Copies only" meansthat some charts have already been correctedfor information containedin the Notice to Mariners. For whateverreason,it is important to know that you must always write the number of the Notice to Mariners in the bottom left hand comer of the chart even when your chart contains the information reported in the Notice to Mariners. The NM individually lists each chart affected, showing the relevant part or parts of the update which affect that chart. The following points should be noted: . Charts are listed in numerical order within each update. . If the previous update information contained in the squarebrackets does not agree with the information on your chart, you are missing one or more NMs or you are using an old edition. You should always insert the missing NMs onto the chart before updating the chart for the latest NM. . The geodetic datum is shown alongsidethe chart number after "previous update". If the notice affects a plan or inset, this is indicated. NB. Tracingsshouldalwaysbe filed by chat number.That way all the relevant information for any particular chart is kept togetherand, ifthat chart is cancelledor replacedby a new edition or a new chart,all the old tracings relating to that chart can be destroyed.

The text of the update comes next. Be careful when noting positions. Positions are normally given in degrees,minutes and decimals of a minute, but may occasionally quote secondsfor conveniencewhen plotting from the graduation of some charts. In some cases,positions may be cross-referenced this manner. in

To Miscellaneous Updates Charts

This miscellaneousupdate primarily includes changesto charts as a result of the publication of the new editions and new charts listed in section L These can be things such as changesto the limits of larger scale charts, changed"adjoining chart" referencesor altered cautionary notes.The following is an example of a miscellaneousupdate.
4290 MISCELLANEOUS UPDATESTO CHARTS

Office. Source: Hydrographic UK Chart PreuiousUpdateDetails 2527/04 to Amendreference read,1912,in position: 3 5 "5 0 ' , . 6 N . , 5 ' 5 0 ' . 6 W . <---(9 on: CHART 1912,centred Deletenote,POSITIONS: 36"07',.0N..5'45',.8W. limit andchartnumber, 676,asfollows: Aus Insertmasenta East:l49o34"33E. North:4o39"155. 40'.g0s. west: 149"32"45E. South:40 Aus limit andchartnumber, 676,asfollows: Insertmagenta North:5o32"705. South: 35'.835. 5" 856 1318/03 East:149' 14"60E. 149o 11"08E. West:

Aus 395

1200103 /a\ \9-

joiningthe 1912 Note- POSITIONS), Insert magenta limit andchartreference, (see followingpositions: 34" 15"25N., 41'.83W 6' 6" 34' 17"51N.. 41',.83W. 34" l7'.51N., 38',.80W. 6" 6' 34" l8'.92N.. 38',.00W. 34' 18"92N..6'33'.83W 3 4 "1 5 ' , . 2 5 N . , 6 ' 3 3 " 8 3 W centred on: note,CHART 1912:POSITIONS, Insertaccompanying 6'32"4W 33" 34'.4N., on: limit andchartnumbe! 1912,centred Deletemagenta 6" 34" 18'.9N.. 42"0W

The miscellaneousNM number to be recorded in the bottom left hand corner of each chart updated.The miscellaneousNM is always the first notice each week. The chart to be updated and the previous update number. The text of the update to be applied. The instruction to insert new larger-scalechart limits is shown like this. Draw a "box" with theselimits and insert the chart number (in this caseAus 676) in a corner of the box clear of other detail.

B C D

Explanation Terms to of usedin Notices Mariners

The main text of the updatestartswith one of the following five commands, usually in the order shown: INSERT is usedfbr the insertionof all new dataor, togetherwith the DELETE command,when has For a f-eature movedpositionsufficientlythat the MOVE commandis not appropriate. example:Deletefeatureand Insert in a different position. AMEND is usedwhen a featureremainsin its existingchartedposition but has a changeof characteristic, example: for Amend light to, Fl.3s25m10M 32'36',.90s.,60'54',.18E. When only the rangeof a light changes: Amend range light ro, lOM 60'54'.18E. of 32'36'.905., an SUBSTITUTE is usedwhen one featurereplaces existingfeatureand the positionremainsas charted.The new featureis alwaysshownfirst, for example: Substituter:t, for ,+ (where r+: is the new feature) MOVE is usedfor featureswhosecharacteristics descriptions remain unchanged, they are but or to be moved small distances, example: for Move starboard-hand conicalbuov from: -56'00'.625..4'46'.478. to: 5 6 ' 0 0 ' . 3 0 54 ' 4 6 " 3 5 8 . .. DELETE is usedwhen featuresare to be removedfrom the chart or, togetherwith the INSERT command. when features moveda significant suchthat the MOVE commandis are distance inappropriate.

Explanation Symbols on of and Instructions Tracings

Insertion: lnformationto be inserted shownby a crossed is arrow (*--) and will be boxed. The positionof the insertion shownas a smallcircle containing dot at its is a centre.An arrow will be shown from the box to the circle. Sometimes clarification may be requiredregardingwhat should be insertedor deleted.This is often the casewith substitutionwhere words such as "in lieu" mav be addedto the tracing to assist thosecarryingout updates. Information be deleted out lines. to will be boxedand hatched by diagonal A deletionsymbol ("2) may be annotated next to the hatchedarea.Where a cautionarynote is being deleted,the word "Delete" will be inside the hatchedarea of the note. Small ticks are usedto indicatethe turning points of linear featuressuchas pipelines,cablesor arealimits thus: --------+/ Often a deletionis coupledwith an insertion the sametracing.In this case, on (as above)followed by insertionin the deletionis carriedout in the usual way positionshownby the affows.

Deletion:

Linear f'eatures Insertion after deletion:

FinalNotes
The examples shownin this bookletareby no means exhaustive are thoughtto be sufficient but to illustrate principlesinvolved. the When you are updatingyour chartsyou shouldtry to achieve the very higheststandards draughtsmanship keepingwith thoseinherent the Admiralty Chart of in in so that you can readthe information clearly. Nlost important of all: Positions must be exact Depthsand symbolsmustbe clear Legends and descriptions must be readable

Remember,you may have to read and understand what is marked on your chart under a dim red light in the grip of a force l0 storm. Your life and others could depend upon the accuracyof application of your updates.It is important that the task of chart maintenanceis taken seriouslyand that you strive to achievethe higheststandardsare maintained.

Plotting fromTracings a Chart on

Thc positioning ol'tracings shoLrld alwaysbe checked carcfullyusing3 mcthods. lirllows: as o Latitude and l-oncitude lincsshown
Q u a d r a n to f C h a r t ( c . g . l c l i o l ' c e n t r e ) O t h e r l r t t i n g r n a r k ss h o w n s u c h a s s o u n d i n g so r p r o r l i n e n t t ' e a t u r e s

Drawing whenUpdating Conventions Charts

It is good practice obscrvc firllowin-e to thc conventions whenupdating charts: Insertions: Do not makethc col'nlnon crrorof drawingexactly what is on thc tracing ontothc chart.Inscrtions often be macle drawingthe new f'eature an openareaof in can by thc chartandarrowin-u to a smallcirclcin thc correct position. it Otherinsertions are shownin the exactpositionby clrawing f'eature the correctlocution,a thc in new legend a typicalexample this. is of Theseshouldbe madeby drawingtwo straightlinesthrougheachpieceof text or f-eature be deleted. not deleteitemsin the samemanneras shownon Dcl to the tracings. thereis any doubt.the tracingwill be annotated If with amplifying inforrnation that adjacent so infbrmation, example, not deleted error. for is in Occasionally features moveda shortdistance are from their originalposition (oftena buoy).Mark the new positionwith a smallcircle.Circle the f'eature and arrow it to the circle.

Deletions:

Moving of Features:

New Symbols: The examples that follow do not containan exclusive of symbolsusedon set tracings. New symbolsmay be introduced fiom time to time. If unsure the of meaning,alwaysconsult the text of the NM for clarification.