VAV Brochure

COSMOS
Air Distribution Products
VARIABLE AIR VOLUME TERMINAL UNIT
COSMOS
COSMOS
Pressure Independent
Variable Air Volume Terminal Unit
Model: VAV - PI
BASIC FEATURES
Cosmos VAV terminal, features a primary Inlet with an integral damper and a discharge plenum. It is lined with
insulation lo provide sound absorption and thermal resistance , It is designed to meet the needs of today's VAV
systems.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
FEATURES
The VAV - PI is most common air terminal unit
Precisely design flow sensor grid.
offered by COSMOS. It operates on
A wide variety of sizes (10) results in a total flow
the
principle that as (cooling load is satisfied, the

primary damper modulates closed to restrict
airflow to the space so that a constant space
temperature is maintained. As the space
cooling load is further to satisfied, the VAV - PI
closes to a pre-set minimum flow which is
range of 45 to 7100 cfm.

Heavy duty 22 gauge casing construction.
Industry standard round inlet collars sized to
accept either flexible or rigid duct.
Internally lined casing utilizing.
usually determined by the minimum level of
Pound damper blade constructed of elastomeric
ventilation required in the space. In addition,
gasket sandwiched between two heavy-duty 22
the VAV - PI can also be used at full shut-off for
gauge galvanized steel plates, resulting in low-
those applications where minimum ventilation
air leakage.
requirements are not necessary. Upon call for
Shaft with Delrin bearings Shaft features a
heat the damper shuts down to minimum.
position, indicator for easy identification of

damper angle.
25 flange connection on the discharge plenum.
SOUND
OPTIONS
The goal in designing VAV systems is to
Cosmos VAV can be furnished without controls,
Operate air terminals at low pressures and
with electronic analog controls, with factory-
airflows, while still satisfying the design
mounted direct digital controls (supplied by
conditions. The VAV - PI is designed for quiet
others).
performance at typical operating conditions.
Integral discharge sound attenuator.
However for those critical sound applications,
Hanger brackets for " threaded rod support.
an integral sound attenuator is offered as an

option (VAV PI SL)
AIR FLOW
AIR FLOW
25 MM
25 MM
AIR FLOW
AIR FLOW
PLAN VIEW
PLAN VIEW
600
450
X
H
INLET VIEW
INLET VIEW
DIMENSIONS DETAILS: BASE UNIT
MODEL
CAPACITY
(CFM)
"L"
"H"
"W"
"X"
"Y"
"A"
INLET
"D"
VAV-PI-100
45 - 230
400
250
250
300
300
95
100
VAV-PI-125
70 - 360
400
250
250
300
300
95
125
VAV-PI-150
100 - 520
400
250
250
300
300
95
150
VAV-PI-175
140 - 710
400
250
300
300
350
95
175
VAV-PI-200
185 - 925
400
250
300
300
350
95
200
VAV-PI-250
290 - 1450
400
318
400
368
450
95
250
VAV-PI-300
420 - 2100
500
380
450
430
500
95
300
VAV-PI-350
580 - 2900
500
445
500
495
550
95
350
VAV-PI-400
740 - 3700
500
445
570
495
620
95
400
VAV-PI-600
1420 - 7100
700
450
900
500
950
200
400 x 600
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM
COSMOS
25 MM
25 MM
AIR FLOW
AIR FLOW
AIR FLOW
PLAN VIEW
AIR FLOW
PLAN VIEW
600
450
X
H
W
W
Y
INLET VIEW
INLET VIEW
DIMENSIONS DETAILS: BASE UNIT WITH ATTENUATOR

MODEL
CAPACITY
(CFM)
"L"
"H"
"W"
"X"
"Y"
"A"
INLET
"D"
VAV-PI-SI-100
45 - 230
1150
250
250
300
300
95
100
VAV-PI-SI-125
70 - 360
1150
250
250
300
300
95
125
VAV-PI-SI-150
100 - 520
1150
250
250
300
300
95
150
VAV-PI-SI-175
140 - 710
1150
250
300
300
350
95
175
VAV-PI-SI-200
185 - 925
1150
250
300
300
350
95
200
VAV-PI-SI-250
290 - 1450
1150
318
400
368
450
95
250
VAV-PI-SI-300
420 - 2100
1150
380
450
430
500
95
300
VAV-PI-SI-350
580 - 2900
1150
445
500
495
550
95
350
VAV-PI-SI-400
740 - 3700
1150
445
570
495
620
95
400
VAV-PI-SI-600
1420 - 7100
1150
450
900
500
950
200
400 x 600
ACCOUSTICAL CONCEPT
SOUND. At the zone level, the terminal unit generates
(central fan system, office equipment, environment,
accoustical / energy that can enter the zone I along
etc.).
two primary paths First, sound from the primary air
The units of measurement is once again decibels;
valve can propagate through the downstream duet
however, in this case decibels represent units of
and diffusers before entering the zone (referred to as
pressure (Pascals), since the human ear and
Discharge or Airborne Sound). Acoustical energy is
microphones react to pressure variations.
also radiated from the terminal casing and travels

through the ceiling cavity and ceiling system before
entering the zone (referred to as Radiated Sound).
There is no direct relationship between sound power

levels and sound pressure levels. Therefore, we must
predict the resulting sound pressure levels (NC levels)
NOISE CRITERIA (NC). The bottom line acoustical
in the zone based in part by the published sound
criteria for most projects is the NC (Noise Criteria)
power levels of the terminal equipment. The NC levels
level. This NC level is derived from resulting sound
are totally dependent on the project specific design,
pressure levels in the zone. These sound pressure
architecturally and mechanically For a constant
levels are the effect of acoustical energy (sound
operating condition (fixed sound power levels), the
power levels) entering the zone caused by the
resulting NC level in the zone will vary from one
terminal unit and other sound generating sources
project to another.
GENERAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A QUIET SYSTEM

THE AHU. Sound levels in the zone are frequently
attention should be paid to the proper selection of au
impacted by central fan discharge noise that either
terminal equipment
breaks out (radiates) from the ductwork or travels

through the distribution ductwork and enters the zone
as airborne (discharge) sound. Achieving
acceptable sound levels in the zone begins with a
properly designed central fan system which delivers
relatively quiet air to ach zone.
select (size) all of the terminals based on the

worst case (highest inlet static pressure) condition
Typically, this results in 80% (or higher) of the terminal
units being oversized for their application This in turn
results in much higher equipment costs, but more
SUPPLY DUCT PRESSURE. The primary factor
importantly, drastically reduced operating efficiency
contributing to noisy systems (including single duct
of each unit. This consequently decreases the ability
applications) is high static pressure in the primary air
to provide comfort control in the zone.
duct This condition causes higher sound levels from

the central fan and also higher sound levels from the
terminal unit, as the primary air valve closes to reduce
the pressure. This condition is compounded I when
flexible duct is utilized at the terminal inlet, which
allows the central fan noise and air valve noise to
break out into the ceiling cavity and then enter the
zone located below the terminal. Ideally, the system
static
pressure
should
be reduced to the point
where the terminal unit installed on the duct run

associated with the highest pressure drop has the
minimum required inlet pressure to deliver the design
To date, the most common approach has been to
A more prudent approach is to utilize a pressure

reducing device upstream of the terminal unit on
those few zones closest to the central fan. This device
could simply be a manual quadrant type damper if
located well upstream of the terminal inlet In tight
quarters, perforated metal can be utilized as a quiet
means of reducing system pressure. This approach
allows all of the terminal units to experience a similar
(lower) inlet pressure They can be selected in a
consistent manner at lower inlet pressure conditions
that will allow more optimally sized units.
airflow to the zone. Many of (today's HVAC systems
Inlet duct that is the same size as the inlet collar & as
experience 0 5" w.g. pressure drop or less in the main
straight as possible will achieve the best acoustical
trunk. For systems that will have substantially higher
performance. For critical applications, flexible duct
pressure variances from one zone to another, special
should not be utilized at the terminal inlet.
COSMOS
RADIATED SOUND
Table E1 of Appendix E provides typical radiated sound attenuation values for three types of ceiling Type 1 - Glass Fiber;
Type 2 - Mineral Fiber; Type 3 - Solid Gypsum Board. Since Mineral Fiber tile ceilings are the most common construction used
in commercial buildings, these values have been used to tabulate Radiated NC levels.
The following table provides the calculation method for the sound total attenuation values based on ARI Standard
885 - 98
Octave Band
3
Environmental Effect
Ceiling / Space Effect
16
18
20
26
31
36
Total Attenuation
Deduction
18
19
20
26
31
36
DISCHARGE SOUND
The ceiling / space effect assumes the following conditions

1.
5/8" (16) tile, 20 Ib.ft-3 (313 kg./m3) density
2.
The plenum is at least 3 feet (914) deep
3.
The plenum space is either wide (over 3D fees [9 m]) or lined

with insulation
4.
The ceiling has no significant penetration directly under the unit
Small box
<300 cfm
Table E1 of Appendix E provides typical discharge

sound attenuation values for three sizes of
terminal unit.
1.
5 ft. (1.5 m) 1 (25) Duct Lining
Branch Power Division (1 outlet)
5 ft. (1.5 m) 8 in. dia (200) Flex duct
SMALL BOX
End Reflection
Space Effect
Less then 300 cfrn (142 I/s)
Total Attenuation Deduction
2
2
2
0
6
9
5
3
1
6
0
10
5
6
4
0
12
0
18
2
7
Octave
5
0
25
0
20
0
8
24
28
39
53
2
2
2
3
6
9
5
3
1
4
3
10
5
6
4
0
10
3
18
2
7
Octave
5
0
20
3
20
0
8
27
29
40
51
2
2
2
5
6
9
5
3
1
3
5
10
5
6
4
0
9
5
18
2
7
Octave
5
0
18
5
20
0
8
29
30
41
51
Band
6
7
0
0
18
29
0
0
21
12
0
0
10
9
59
40
(Discharge Duct 8" x 8" [203 x 203])

2.
MEDIUM BOX
300-700 dm (142 -330I/s)
3.
LARGE BOX
Medium box
300 - 700 cfm
Greater than 700 cfm (330 l/s)
End Reflection
Space Effect
Band
6
7
0
0
14
20
3
3
21
12
0
0
10
9
53
39
These attenuation values have been used to

tabulate Discharge NC levels applied against the
terminal airflow volume and not terminal unit size.
The following tables provide the calculation
method for the discharge sound total
Large box
> 700 cfm
attenuation values based on ARI Standard
End Reflection
Space Effect
885-98
Band
6
7
0
0
12
17
5
5
21
12
0
0
10
9
52
39
Engineering Data
PID Discharge & Radiated Sound
Model : VAV - Pl
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
Airflow
(CFM)
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100
MINIMUM INLET STATIC PRESSURE
DISCHARGE
SOUND POWER LEVEL (dB)
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
51
56
60
64
66
51
52
54
58
60
65
53
57
61
65
68
69
54
55
56
58
60
62
64
54
54
56
59
61
62
49
53
58
62
66
70
74
55
57
61
64
68
70
73
55
58
62
68
70
73
73
57
58
62
64
68
71
74
68
69
71
74
78
80
82
44
49
54
58
61
42
43
46
51
56
60
45
49
54
60
64
65
43
45
49
54
58
63
67
43
43
49
54
59
63
44
47
50
56
60
63
66
49
51
54
56
58
60
62
48
49
53
57
59
61
61
51
52
56
58
60
62
64
65
66
68
70
72
68
76
36
40
46
50
52
35
37
40
44
50
54
34
38
44
49
53
55
39
40
45
49
53
56
60
40
40
46
52
57
61
42
44
50
52
56
60
62
46
48
51
54
57
59
61
48
49
53
55
57
60
60
50
51
54
56
58
60
61
63
64
65
67
70
71
71
31
36
40
44
46
31
32
36
40
45
49
31
34
40
44
48
50
34
36
41
46
51
56
61
39
39
43
48
52
56
36
39
44
48
52
56
59
40
41
43
44
46
48
49
43
44
46
49
50
53
53
42
43
46
48
50
52
54
60
60
61
63
65
66
67
30
34
37
40
42
28
29
32
35
41
44
29
31
34
38
41
42
32
34
35
39
42
45
48
31
31
36
40
44
48
31
33
39
44
46
50
53
38
39
41
43
45
46
48
39
40
42
43
44
46
46
38
39
42
44
46
48
50
56
57
58
61
62
64
65
20
24
30
34
37
21
22
26
29
33
38
21
24
27
32
35
36
25
26
30
34
35
38
42
24
24
29
34
37
41
25
27
32
38
41
44
47
32
33
35
38
40
41
43
33
34
37
41
43
45
45
32
33
36
38
40
42
44
54
54
55
57
59
61
62
15
20
22
15
17
16
17
22
23
15
21
25
15
20
16
21
26
18
21
25
18
21
25
25
18
22
26
22
23
26
28
31
33
36
RADIATED
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
44
48
53
56
59
36
37
42
49
56
62
50
52
55
58
59
60
47
48
52
55
57
59
63
49
49
53
58
62
66
56
58
62
66
68
71
74
50
52
58
60
64
68
70
55
57
64
72
77
79
79
49
51
54
56
60
63
66
54
55
57
63
67
70
72
29
38
44
48
34
29
26
28
37
49
41
41
44
50
54
59
60
28
32
38
43
47
50
54
34
34
38
45
50
53
40
41
43
44
46
48
50
43
44
46
49
51
53
55
41
42
45
48
51
53
53
42
43
46
48
50
52
54
49
50
53
57
61
65
66
25
30
35
38
41
22
27
37
44
25
29
34
39
43
45
27
29
32
37
40
43
47
28
28
34
38
44
47
31
32
34
35
37
39
41
36
37
39
42
44
47
48
31
32
34
38
40
42
42
38
39
42
45
47
49
51
49
50
52
56
58
61
63
20
26
34
38
41
20
22
31
36
21
25
29
33
35
22
24
28
33
39
41
47
23
23
30
37
42
46
26
27
30
31
34
35
37
30
31
33
36
38
40
42
27
28
31
34
36
39
39
31
33
35
38
41
43
46
43
44
46
50
51
54
56
24
31
36
40
21
29
34
20
25
28
34
35
21
24
29
34
37
43
25
33
39
45
24
26
28
31
33
36
38
27
28
30
33
34
36
38
27
28
31
36
39
41
41
33
35
37
40
42
44
45
38
40
42
46
49
54
56
20
22
28
31
23
29
25
30
32
20
24
28
31
35
20
26
33
38
22
24
25
28
30
31
34
22
23
24
26
28
30
31
23
24
27
32
35
36
37
24
26
28
33
36
37
40
35
36
39
42
45
49
51
16
20
16
23
17
22
28
30
15
17
20
25
18
23
28
16
18
23
28
31
35
38
18
21
26
31
33
15
17
26
36
42
45
45
15
18
21
25
28
23
23
26
31
33
36
38
Engineering Data
Model : VAV - Pl
0.50" INLET STATIC PRESSURE

RADIATED
DISCHARGE
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
Airflow
(CFM)
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100

NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
55
60
64
66
70
55
56
58
61
65
68
56
60
64
67
70
71
58
59
60
62
63
64
66
59
59
60
62
63
64
54
57
62
66
70
72
76
58
60
64
67
70
72
74
58
61
65
70
72
74
74
61
62
65
68
70
73
75
71
72
74
77
80
82
84
47
52
58
62
65
45
47
51
55
60
63
49
52
58
62
65
67
48
50
54
58
62
65
56
48
48
53
58
61
62
48
51
55
59
62
65
68
55
56
58
60
61
62
64
54
54
57
61
62
63
64
56
57
60
62
64
65
66
69
70
71
73
75
73
78
41
46
50
54
56
40
42
45
49
54
58
39
43
49
53
56
58
44
45
49
53
56
59
63
45
45
50
55
59
60
46
48
52
56
60
62
64
51
52
55
58
60
62
63
53
54
57
59
60
61
62
54
55
57
60
62
63
64
68
68
69
71
73
74
75
37
41
46
48
51
36
37
40
44
49
53
35
38
44
47
50
52
37
39
44
49
53
57
63
43
43
48
52
55
59
39
42
47
51
54
58
61
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
50
50
52
53
54
55
55
49
50
51
53
55
56
57
65
65
66
67
69
70
71
36
38
42
45
47
33
34
37
40
45
48
34
36
39
42
44
45
37
38
40
43
46
48
51
36
36
40
44
47
50
36
38
43
46
50
52
55
44
45
46
47
48
50
51
46
46
47
48
48
49
49
45
46
48
50
51
52
53
61
62
63
65
66
68
69
26
31
36
40
43
28
29
32
35
39
43
28
30
33
36
38
40
32
33
35
38
40
42
45
30
30
34
38
41
44
30
32
37
41
44
46
50
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
41
43
46
47
48
48
39
40
42
44
45
46
47
58
58
59
61
63
64
65
15
20
22
27
16
21
21
15
20
20
23
26
15
15
20
23
16
15
17
18
16
21
23
28
17
21
23
26
15
21
23
26
26
16
18
21
25
27
27
28
30
32
35
36
38

NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
48
53
58
60
64
39
41
46
51
59
64
53
55
58
60
61
62
51
52
55
58
60
61
65
51
51
56
60
64
67
57
59
63
66
70
72
74
53
55
60
63
66
68
71
57
59
66
73
77
80
80
53
54
58
60
62
65
67
58
59
61
66
70
73
75
33
42
48
52
55
24
26
32
39
51
58
44
48
53
57
60
62
32
36
42
46
50
53
56
36
36
42
48
52
55
45
46
48
49
50
50
52
47
48
50
52
54
55
57
46
47
49
52
54
55
55
46
47
50
52
54
55
56
53
54
57
61
64
67
69
29
33
38
42
44
23
30
40
47
30
34
39
43
46
48
31
33
36
40
43
45
49
32
32
37
42
46
49
38
39
40
40
42
42
44
42
43
44
46
48
49
50
38
39
41
43
44
45
45
43
44
46
48
50
51
52
53
54
56
60
62
64
66
23
29
36
40
44
21
25
34
39
22
25
30
33
36
38
24
26
31
36
40
43
48
26
26
32
39
43
48
32
33
35
36
38
38
40
35
36
38
40
41
42
44
33
34
36
39
40
41
42
36
37
40
42
44
46
47
48
49
51
54
56
58
60
26
34
40
44
21
25
33
38
22
28
32
36
38
22
24
28
33
37
40
45
22
22
29
36
41
46
29
31
33
35
36
38
40
32
33
35
36
37
38
40
32
33
36
40
42
43
44
37
38
40
43
45
46
47
42
44
46
50
53
56
58
22
28
33
37
20
22
29
34
23
28
32
35
20
21
25
29
32
34
38
20
20
25
31
36
40
28
29
30
32
34
34
36
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
30
31
33
36
38
39
39
30
31
34
37
40
41
43
38
40
42
45
48
51
53
18
21
26
20
27
15
21
26
30
32
15
18
21
22
27
16
21
26
30
17
20
25
28
33
36
38
15
16
21
25
28
31
35
17
20
28
37
42
46
46
16
17
20
22
23
27
30
27
28
31
35
37
38
41
Engineering Data
Model : VAV - Pl
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
Airflow
(CFM)
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100
1.0 INLET STATIC PRESSURE
DISCHARGE
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
58
64
68
70
73
58
59
62
65
69
71
59
62
67
71
73
73
62
63
65
66
68
69
70
62
62
64
66
68
68
58
62
67
71
74
78
80
61
63
67
71
74
76
77
62
65
69
73
76
78
78
65
66
69
72
76
78
80
74
75
77
81
83
82
87
51
56
62
66
68
51
53
56
60
65
68
52
57
62
66
69
70
53
55
59
64
67
70
74
52
52
58
63
67
70
52
55
60
64
66
70
72
60
62
64
66
67
68
69
59
60
63
67
68
70
70
60
61
64
66
68
70
71
73
73
74
77
78
80
81
46
51
56
58
61
45
47
50
54
59
62
44
48
54
58
61
63
48
50
53
58
61
64
67
49
49
54
60
63
67
50
52
56
60
64
66
67
55
57
60
62
64
66
67
58
60
62
65
66
67
67
59
60
62
64
66
68
69
71
72
74
76
77
78
79
42
46
51
54
56
40
42
45
49
54
57
40
44
49
52
55
56
39
42
47
53
57
60
65
48
48
53
57
60
63
43
45
51
55
58
62
64
53
54
55
56
57
58
61
56
57
59
60
61
62
62
55
56
58
60
62
63
64
69
70
71
72
74
75
76
41
44
48
52
54
38
40
43
46
51
53
39
42
45
48
50
50
42
43
46
49
51
53
55
41
41
45
50
53
55
40
43
47
51
54
57
59
50
51
53
54
55
56
58
52
53
54
55
55
56
56
51
52
54
56
58
59
60
66
67
68
70
71
73
74
32
38
43
46
48
34
36
39
42
47
49
34
37
40
43
45
45
38
39
42
45
47
49
51
36
36
40
45
48
50
35
38
42
46
50
52
54
45
46
48
49
50
52
54
47
49
52
54
55
56
56
45
47
49
46
49
53
54
62
62
63
65
67
69
70
20
25
27
31
17
21
26
27
17
23
25
28
30
17
18
21
22
26
30
33
17
17
16
21
25
28
20
22
26
31
33
17
20
21
23
26
28
30
16
16
20
25
28
31
31
16
17
21
23
28
31
33
32
32
33
37
38
40
42
RADIATED
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
52
58
62
66
68
43
45
50
55
63
67
56
58
61
63
65
65
55
57
59
62
64
65
68
54
54
59
63
67
70
58
60
65
68
71
74
76
56
59
63
66
70
72
74
58
61
68
75
79
82
82
56
58
62
64
68
69
71
61
62
65
70
73
76
79
36
46
52
56
58
28
29
34
42
54
60
48
52
57
61
64
65
36
40
46
51
54
57
62
43
43
47
52
57
60
50
52
53
54
56
56
57
51
53
55
57
58
60
63
50
52
55
58
59
60
61
51
52
54
57
59
60
61
56
58
61
65
68
71
73
32
36
42
46
48
21
26
34
45
50
35
39
45
49
52
53
34
36
40
44
47
49
53
36
36
41
46
50
53
44
46
47
48
49
50
50
46
48
50
52
53
54
56
45
46
48
51
52
53
53
47
48
50
52
54
56
57
57
58
61
64
67
69
71
25
32
38
42
46
20
24
29
38
42
26
30
35
39
41
42
27
29
34
39
43
46
51
29
29
35
42
46
50
37
39
41
42
44
44
45
40
41
44
46
47
48
49
39
40
43
46
47
48
49
40
42
44
47
50
51
52
52
54
56
59
61
63
65
23
30
38
44
47
21
25
30
38
43
22
27
33
37
40
42
25
27
32
37
41
44
49
26
26
33
40
45
50
34
36
38
40
42
44
45
37
38
40
42
43
44
46
38
39
42
46
48
49
50
40
42
44
47
49
50
51
45
47
50
54
57
60
62
22
29
36
40
42
21
25
30
36
40
21
28
33
37
39
25
27
31
35
38
40
44
25
25
31
38
42
45
33
35
36
38
40
40
41
34
35
37
38
39
40
41
36
38
41
44
45
46
46
35
37
40
43
46
47
49
41
42
45
49
52
54
56
18
23
28
31
15
25
30
16
20
26
31
35
36
15
17
20
23
26
27
32
20
25
30
33
18
21
27
31
35
38
41
20
22
25
28
33
36
38
18
22
31
40
45
48
48
21
22
23
26
31
32
35
32
33
36
38
42
45
47
Engineering Data
Model : VAV - Pl
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
Airflow
(CFM)
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100
1.5" INLET STATIC PRESSURE
DISCHARGE
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
61
66
70
73
75
61
62
64
68
72
74
61
64
69
72
75
75
65
66
67
69
70
71
73
66
66
67
69
70
71
61
65
70
74
78
80
84
64
66
70
73
75
78
80
64
67
71
76
78
80
80
68
69
72
75
78
80
82
76
77
79
82
85
87
89
53
58
64
68
71
54
56
59
63
68
71
55
59
64
69
72
73
56
58
62
66
70
74
78
56
56
61
66
70
73
55
59
62
66
70
73
75
64
65
67
69
71
72
74
63
64
67
70
72
73
73
63
64
68
70
72
73
74
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
49
54
58
62
64
48
50
53
57
62
66
48
52
57
61
64
66
51
52
57
60
64
66
70
52
52
57
62
66
70
52
55
60
62
66
69
70
59
60
63
66
68
70
71
62
62
65
67
68
70
70
62
63
64
68
70
71
72
74
74
75
79
80
81
81
45
50
54
58
60
43
45
48
52
57
60
43
46
52
55
58
60
41
44
48
54
58
62
67
51
51
55
60
63
66
45
48
54
57
60
64
66
57
58
60
61
61
62
64
60
61
63
64
65
66
66
59
60
62
64
66
67
68
72
73
74
75
77
78
79
45
48
52
54
56
43
44
46
49
54
57
43
46
48
51
53
54
45
47
48
52
54
56
59
45
45
49
53
55
59
43
45
51
54
57
60
62
54
55
56
57
58
60
60
57
57
59
61
62
63
63
56
56
58
60
62
63
64
69
70
71
73
74
76
77
36
42
47
50
53
39
40
44
47
50
54
38
41
44
48
49
50
42
43
47
50
50
52
55
40
40
44
48
51
54
38
40
45
50
52
54
58
50
51
52
54
55
56
58
53
54
56
59
59
60
61
50
51
52
54
56
57
58
65
65
66
68
70
71
72
16
22
27
31
33
16
17
20
25
30
31
16
20
26
28
32
33
21
22
23
25
30
35
38
22
22
20
25
28
32
16
17
23
26
31
33
38
22
23
25
27
30
31
33
21
21
25
28
31
33
33
20
21
26
28
31
33
36
35
36
37
38
41
43
45
RADIATED
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
56
60
65
68
71
45
47
52
58
65
70
59
60
63
65
66
68
58
59
62
65
67
68
71
57
57
61
65
69
72
59
62
65
68
72
74
77
59
61
67
69
72
75
77
59
62
69
76
81
83
83
59
61
64
66
68
72
74
64
65
66
72
76
79
80
39
48
54
58
44
36
34
36
44
56
47
50
54
59
63
67
68
39
43
49
53
57
60
63
45
45
49
55
59
62
54
55
57
58
59
60
61
55
56
58
60
62
63
64
54
55
57
61
62
63
64
54
55
58
59
61
63
64
59
60
63
67
70
74
75
34
38
43
46
49
21
23
29
37
47
53
38
42
47
51
54
56
37
39
42
46
49
51
55
38
38
44
48
53
56
49
51
52
52
54
54
55
50
51
53
55
57
58
59
50
51
53
55
56
57
57
50
51
52
55
57
58
59
60
61
63
67
69
71
73
27
33
40
44
47
*
21
26
32
41
45
30
34
38
41
44
46
29
31
35
40
45
47
53
31
31
37
43
48
52
42
43
45
46
48
48
50
44
45
48
49
51
52
53
43
45
47
49
50
52
52
44
45
47
50
52
54
55
56
57
59
62
64
66
68
25
32
40
46
50
21
23
28
34
42
46
25
30
36
39
44
45
28
30
34
39
43
46
51
28
28
35
42
47
52
37
39
41
43
44
46
49
41
41
44
45
46
47
49
42
43
46
50
52
53
53
43
45
47
50
52
53
54
48
50
52
56
59
63
65
26
32
38
43
47
24
26
30
34
41
45
24
31
36
40
42
29
30
35
38
41
44
48
29
29
35
40
46
50
37
38
40
42
42
44
45
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
41
42
44
48
50
50
50
39
41
43
47
50
50
52
43
44
47
50
53
56
58
16
21
27
31
35
18
27
33
20
22
28
33
38
38
18
20
23
27
30
31
35
17
17
22
27
32
36
23
25
27
31
36
38
42
23
25
30
32
36
40
42
23
25
32
41
47
50
50
23
25
27
30
32
36
38
35
36
38
42
45
47
48
Engineering Data
Model : VAV - Pl
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
10
Airflow
(CFM)
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100
3.0 INLET STATIC PRESSURE
DISCHARGE
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
65
70
74
76
79
65
66
68
71
76
78
64
68
73
76
79
79
70
71
72
73
75
76
77
70
70
72
74
75
76
66
70
75
79
82
86
89
67
69
73
76
79
82
83
68
70
75
79
82
84
84
72
73
76
80
82
85
87
79
80
83
86
88
90
92
58
63
68
72
75
59
61
64
68
73
76
60
64
69
73
76
77
61
63
68
72
76
78
83
60
60
65
71
75
78
60
63
67
71
74
77
80
71
72
74
76
77
78
80
69
70
73
76
78
79
80
69
70
72
75
77
78
79
79
79
80
82
84
86
87
54
59
64
66
69
53
55
59
62
67
71
53
57
63
67
70
72
56
57
61
65
69
71
75
56
56
62
67
71
75
53
57
62
56
58
72
75
64
65
68
71
72
74
75
67
68
70
73
74
75
75
67
68
69
72
74
76
77
78
79
80
82
84
85
86
50
55
60
62
65
48
50
53
56
62
65
48
52
57
60
63
65
45
47
52
58
62
65
71
56
56
60
65
68
71
49
51
56
61
64
68
70
65
66
67
68
69
70
70
67
68
70
71
72
73
73
66
67
70
72
73
74
75
78
78
79
80
82
83
84
52
54
58
62
63
49
50
53
56
61
64
49
51
55
57
59
60
51
52
54
58
60
62
64
50
50
55
59
62
65
48
50
55
59
62
64
67
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
64
64
65
66
67
67
67
63
64
66
68
69
70
71
74
75
76
78
79
81
82
43
48
53
56
59
46
48
50
53
58
61
45
48
51
56
56
57
49
50
53
56
58
60
62
47
47
51
55
59
61
44
46
51
55
58
60
63
57
58
60
61
62
63
64
61
62
64
67
67
68
69
59
60
61
62
64
65
66
70
70
71
73
75
76
7710
21
27
32
35
38
21
22
25
28
35
37
20
25
31
33
37
38
27
28
30
32
37
38
43
27
27
26
31
35
38
22
23
30
32
36
41
45
31
32
33
36
37
38
40
28
28
32
36
38
38
40
27
28
31
35
37
40
42
38
38
40
42
45
47
48
RADIATED
NC
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Levels
60
65
70
72
75
49
51
56
61
69
74
63
64
67
69
71
71
62
63
66
68
70
72
75
61
61
63
68
71
77
61
63
67
70
74
76
78
65
65
68
72
75
77
83
61
64
71
78
82
85
85
64
65
68
72
74
76
78
67
68
71
76
79
82
85
43
52
58
62
65
39
37
40
47
59
66
54
58
63
67
70
71
44
47
53
58
61
64
68
50
50
54
60
64
66
59
61
62
64
64
66
66
60
61
63
65
66
68
69
60
61
63
67
68
69
70
59
60
62
65
67
68
69
63
64
67
71
74
77
79
37
42
47
50
53
25
27
34
41
52
58
44
48
53
57
60
62
41
43
46
50
53
55
59
43
43
48
53
57
60
56
58
59
60
60
61
62
57
58
60
62
63
64
65
57
58
60
63
63
64
65
54
55
58
60
62
63
64
65
66
68
71
74
76
78
29
35
42
46
49
24
26
30
36
45
50
35
38
44
47
50
51
31
33
38
43
47
50
55
34
34
40
46
51
55
49
50
52
53
54
56
57
50
51
54
55
57
58
59
50
51
53
57
58
59
59
49
50
53
56
58
59
60
61
62
64
67
70
72
73
30
37
45
50
54
26
29
34
39
47
52
30
34
40
44
48
49
33
35
39
44
48
51
56
32
32
39
46
51
56
43
45
47
49
50
52
54
46
47
49
51
52
54
54
48
49
52
56
58
59
60
47
49
52
54
56
57
58
51
53
56
60
63
66
68
33
39
46
50
53
32
33
37
42
48
53
24
28
36
41
45
47
35
37
41
44
47
50
54
35
35
41
47
52
56
43
44
46
48
48
50
51
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
48
50
52
55
56
57
58
45
47
50
53
56
57
59
46
48
50
54
57
59
61
21
27
33
36
40
16
22
32
38
25
27
33
38
41
42
23
25
28
31
33
36
40
22
22
25
31
35
42
31
33
33
35
38
41
43
32
33
35
37
40
42
50
32
33
35
43
48
53
53
28
30
33
36
38
41
43
40
41
43
47
50
52
55
COSMOS
NOISE CRITERIA (NC) NOTES
1. A hyphon (-) indicates the NC is lower than 15.

2. Noise Criteria (NC) were found using ARI Standard 885-98 Appendix E (2002
Addendum):
a. Radiated NC were found using the type 2 ceiling (mineral fiber) condition.
b. Discharge NC were found using the large terminal condition due to The
multitude of possible discharge duct sizes.
3. ARI Standard 885-9B Appendix E, Table E1. Typical Sound Attenuation Values, dB.
OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY (Hz)

RADIATED
Type 1 - Glass Fiber
Type 2 - Mineral Fiber
Type 3 - Gypsum Board
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
19
18
23
19
19
26
21
20
25
25
26
27
29
31
27
35
36
28
OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY (Hz)

DISCHARGE
Small Terminal
Medium Terminal
Large Terminal
125
250
500
1000
2000
4000
24
27
29
28
29
30
39
40
41
53
51
51
59
53
52
40
39
39
11
Engineering Data
Noise Criteria Quick Reference
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
12
NOISE CRITERIA QUICK REFERENCE
Airflow
(CFM)
Min. Op.
Pressure
(in. we)
0.5"
1.0"
1.5"
3.0"
0.5"
1.0"
1.5"
3.0"
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100
0.002
0.012
0.027
0.049
0.066
0.006
0.012
0.027
0.049
0.113
0.164
0.011
0.044
0.101
0.18
0.283
0.306
0.011
0.023
0.051
0.09
0.141
0.203
0.283
0.011
0.013
0.051
0.115
0.205
0.275
0.01
0.031
0.061
0.101
0.152
0.213
0.266
0.012
0.032
0.066
0.111
0.169
0.237
0.29
0.012
0.036
0.071
0.144
0.207
0.281
0.301
0.011
0.028
0.057
0.095
0.144
0.202
0.269
0.004
0.009
0.02
0.035
0.055
0.08
0.112
15
20
22
27
16
21
21
15
20
20
23
26
15
15
20
23
16
15
17
18
16
21
23
28
17
21
23
26
15
21
23
26
26
16
18
21
25
27
27
28
30
32
35
36
38
20
25
27
31
17
21
26
27
17
23
25
28
30
17
18
21
22
26
30
33
17
17
16
21
25
28
20
22
26
31
33
17
20
21
23
26
28
30
16
16
20
25
28
31
31
16
17
21
23
28
31
33
32
32
33
37
38
40
42
16
22
27
31
33
16
17
20
25
30
31
16
20
26
28
32
33
21
22
23
25
30
35
38
22
22
20
25
28
32
16
17
23
26
31
33
38
22
23
25
27
30
31
33
21
21
25
28
31
33
33
20
21
26
28
31
33
36
35
36
37
38
41
43
45
21
27
32
35
38
21
22
25
28
35
37
20
25
31
33
37
38
27
28
30
32
37
38
43
27
27
26
31
35
38
22
23
30
32
36
41
45
31
32
33
36
37
38
40
28
28
32
36
36
38
40
27
28
31
35
37
40
42
38
38
40
42
45
47
48
18
21
26
20
27
15
21
26
30
32
15
18
21
22
27
16
21
26
30
17
20
25
28
33
36
38
15
16
21
25
28
31
35
17
20
28
37
42
46
46
16
17
20
22
23
27
30
27
28
31
35
37
38
41
18
23
28
31
15
25
30
16
20
26
31
35
36
15
17
20
23
26
27
32
20
25
30
33
18
21
27
31
35
38
41
20
22
25
28
33
36
38
18
22
31
40
45
48
48
21
22
23
26
31
32
35
32
33
36
38
42
45
47
16
21
27
31
35
18
27
33
20
22
28
33
38
38
18
20
23
27
30
31
35
17
17
22
27
32
36
23
25
27
31
36
38
42
23
25
30
32
36
40
42
23
25
32
41
47
50
50
23
25
27
30
32
36
38
35
36
38
42
45
47
48
21
27
33
36
40
16
22
32
38
25
27
33
38
41
42
23
25
28
31
33
36
40
22
22
25
31
35
42
31
33
33
35
38
41
43
32
33
35
37
40
42
50
32
33
35
43
48
53
53
28
30
33
36
38
41
43
40
41
43
47
50
52
55
RADIATED (Ps)
DISCHARGE (Ps)
Engineering Data
DISCHARGE SOUND PRESSURE
With Integral Discharge Sound Attunator

Model: VAV - PI-SL
1" Inlet Static Pressure
Model
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
600
Airflow
(CFM)
125
45
100
150
200
230
70
100
150
200
300
360
100
200
300
400
500
520
140
200
300
400
500
600
710
185
200
400
600
800
925
290
500
700
900
1100
1300
1450
420
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2100
580
1000
1400
2000
2400
2800
2900
740
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
1420
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7100
56
62
66
68
71
56
57
60
63
67
69
57
60
65
69
71
71
60
61
63
64
66
67
68
60
60
62
64
66
66
57
61
66
70
73
77
79
60
62
66
70
73
75
76
61
64
68
72
75
77
77
64
65
68
71
75
77
79
73
74
76
80
82
81
86
1.5" Inlet Static Pressure

250
49
54
60
64
66
49
51
54
58
63
66
80
55
60
64
67
68
51
53
57
62
65
68
72
50
50
56
61
65
68
50
53
58
62
64
68
70
58
60
62
64
65
66
67
57
58
61
65
66
68
68
59
60
63
65
67
69
70
72
72
73
76
77
79
81
500
41
46
51
53
56
40
42
45
49
54
57
39
43
49
53
56
58
43
45
48
53
56
59
62
44
44
49
55
58
62
46
48
52
56
60
62
63
51
53
56
58
60
62
63
55
57
59
62
63
64
64
56
57
59
61
63
65
66
68
69
71
73
74
75
76
1000
29
33
38
41
43
27
29
32
36
41
44
27
31
36
39
42
43
27
30
35
41
45
48
53
36
36
41
45
48
51
33
35
41
45
48
52
54
44
45
46
47
48
49
52
48
49
51
52
53
54
54
47
48
50
52
54
55
56
61
62
63
64
66
67
68
2000
4000
NC
Levels
29
32
36
40
42
26
28
31
34
39
44
27
30
33
36
38
38
31
32
35
38
40
42
44
30
30
34
39
42
44
31
34
38
42
45
48
50
43
44
46
47
48
49
51
46
47
48
49
49
50
50
45
46
48
50
52
53
54
60
61
62
64
65
67
68
24
30
35
38
40
26
28
31
34
39
41
26
29
32
35
37
37
30
31
34
37
39
41
43
28
28
32
37
40
42
28
31
35
39
43
45
47
39
40
42
43
44
46
48
42
44
47
49
50
51
51
40
42
44
41
44
48
49
57
57
58
60
62
64
65
17
22
25
29
15
19
24
25
16
21
23
26
27
15
16
18
20
23
27
32
15
15
19
22
25
18
21
25
30
32
15
17
19
21
25
27
29
18
23
27
30
30
15
16
18
22
27
30
32
31
31
32
36
37
38
41
3" Inlet Static Pressure

125
250
500
1000
59
64
68
71
73
59
60
62
66
70
72
59
62
67
70
73
73
63
64
65
67
68
69
71
64
64
65
67
68
69
60
64
69
73
77
79
83
63
65
69
72
74
77
79
63
66
70
75
77
79
79
67
68
71
74
77
79
81
75
76
78
81
84
86
88
51
56
62
66
69
52
54
57
61
66
69
53
57
62
67
70
71
54
56
60
64
68
72
76
54
54
59
64
68
71
53
57
60
64
68
71
73
62
63
65
67
69
70
72
61
62
65
68
70
71
71
62
63
67
69
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
44
49
53
57
59
43
45
48
52
57
61
43
47
52
56
59
61
46
47
52
55
59
61
65
47
47
52
57
61
65
48
51
56
58
62
65
66
55
56
59
62
64
66
67
59
59
62
64
65
67
67
59
60
61
65
67
68
69
71
71
72
76
77
78
81
32
37
41
45
47
30
32
35
39
44
47
30
33
39
42
45
47
29
32
36
42
46
50
55
39
39
43
48
51
54
35
38
44
47
50
54
56
48
49
51
52
52
53
55
52
53
55
56
57
58
58
51
52
54
56
58
59
60
64
65
66
67
69
70
71
2000
NC
4000 Levels
125
250
33
36
40
42
44
31
32
34
37
42
45
31
34
36
39
41
42
34
36
37
41
43
45
48
34
34
38
42
44
48
34
36
42
45
48
51
53
47
48
49
50
51
53
53
51
51
53
55
56
57
57
50
50
52
54
56
57
58
63
64
65
67
68
70
71
28
34
39
42
45
31
32
36
39
42
46
30
33
36
40
41
42
34
35
39
42
42
44
47
32
32
36
40
43
46
31
33
38
43
45
47
51
44
45
46
48
49
50
52
48
49
51
54
54
55
56
45
46
47
49
51
52
53
60
60
61
63
65
66
67
63
68
72
74
77
63
64
66
69
74
76
62
66
71
74
77
77
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
68
68
70
72
73
74
65
69
74
78
81
85
88
66
68
72
75
78
81
82
67
69
74
78
81
83
83
71
72
75
79
81
84
86
78
79
82
85
87
89
91
56
61
66
70
73
57
59
62
66
71
74
58
62
67
71
74
75
59
61
66
70
74
76
81
58
58
63
69
73
76
58
61
65
69
72
75
78
69
70
72
74
75
76
78
67
68
71
74
76
77
78
68
69
71
74
76
77
78
78
78
79
81
83
85
87
20
25
29
31
15
17
22
28
29
17
24
26
30
31
19
20
21
22
28
32
37
20
20
18
22
26
30
15
16
22
25
30
32
37
20
21
22
25
27
30
32
18
18
22
26
30
32
32
17
20
25
27
30
32
35
34
35
36
37
40
42
44
500
49
54
59
61
64
48
50
54
57
62
66
48
52
58
62
65
67
51
52
56
60
64
66
70
51
51
57
62
66
70
49
53
58
52
54
68
71
60
61
64
67
68
70
71
64
65
67
70
71
72
72
64
65
66
69
71
73
74
75
76
77
79
81
82
83
NC
1000
2000
4000 Levels
37
42
47
49
52
35
37
40
43
49
52
35
39
44
47
50
52
33
35
40
46
50
53
59
44
44
48
53
56
59
39
41
46
51
54
58
60
56
57
58
59
60
61
61
59
60
62
63
64
65
65
58
59
62
64
65
66
67
70
70
71
72
74
75
76
40
42
46
50
51
37
38
41
44
49
52
37
39
43
45
47
48
40
41
43
47
49
51
53
39
39
44
48
51
54
39
41
46
50
53
55
58
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
58
58
59
60
61
61
61
57
58
60
62
63
64
65
68
69
70
72
73
75
76
35
40
45
48
51
38
40
42
45
50
53
37
40
43
48
48
49
41
42
45
48
50
52
54
39
39
43
47
51
53
37
39
44
48
51
53
56
51
52
54
55
56
57
58
56
57
59
62
62
63
64
54
55
56
57
59
60
61
65
65
66
68
70
71
72
18
25
30
30
36
18
20
22
26
32
35
17
22
29
32
35
36
25
26
27
30
35
36
41
25
25
25
28
33
36
21
22
29
31
35
40
43
28
30
31
33
35
36
38
26
26
30
34
36
37
38
26
27
30
33
36
38
41
37
37
39
41
43
46
47
13
SELECTION PROCEDURE & GENERAL INFORMATION

The primary factor contributing to noisy systems is high static pressure in air
duct. This condition causes higher sound levels from the central fan and also
higher sound levels from the terminal unit, as the primary air valve closes to
reduce the pressure. This condition is compounded when flexible duct is
utilized at the terminal inlet, which allows the central fan noise and air valve
noise to break out into the ceiling cavity and then enter the zone located
below the terminal. Ideally, the system static pressure should be reduced to
the point where the terminal unit installed on the duct run associated with
the highest pressure drop has the minimum required inlet pressure to deliver
the design airflow to the zone.
To date, the most common approach has been to select (size) all of the
terminals based on the worst case
(highest inlet pressure) condition.
Typically, this results in 80% of the terminal units being

oversized for their application. This leads to drastic
reduction in operating efficiency of each unit. This
consequently decreases the ability to provide comfort
control in the zone. Inlet duct that is the same size as the
inlet collar and as straight as possible will achieve the best
acoustical performance. For critical applications, flexible
duct should not be utilized at the terminal inlet.
Example of how to size Cosmos VAV using the following
parameters:
1.
Max primary airflow is 600 cfm.
2.
Min primary airflow is 150 cfm.
3.
Inlet static pressure is 1.0.
4.
Downstream static pressure drop is 0.2.
5.
Radiated NC to be less than 30.
6.
Discharg NC to be less than 30.
Step 1
Compare Max and Min airflow to ranges found
in the table Model 175 and 200 both fall within
the range.
Step 2
Check if there is sufficient static pressure. For
model 175 at 600 cfm, static pressure drop is
0.203, for model 200 at 600 cfm, the static
pressure drop is 0.115 Unit static pressure is then
added to the downstream static pressure drop
and compared to inlet static pressure. The sum
of pressures for both the models are less than the
inlet static pressure available. Therefore, both
are still valid possibilities.
Step 3
The acoustical requirements are checked
against radiated and discharge tables. For
model 175 the discharge NC is 30 and radiated is
27, this does not meet the requirement for the
discharge NC to be less than 30. For model 200,
the discharge NC is 21 and the radiated NC is 25.
Since model 200 meets all requirements, it would
be best choice for this example.
14
COSMOS
CONTROLS
CONTROL SEQUENCE - COOLING ONLY
PROPORTIONAL
BAND FIXED
2OF(1.1OC)
The operating sequence for a cooling application is as follows

AIRFLOW INCREASE
1. On a rise in space temperature the thermostat regulates the Controller

/ Actuator to increase the airflow. At 2F (11C) above thermostat set
point, the maximum airflow is maintained at a preselected setting.
2. On a decrease in space temperature, the thermostat regulates the
Controller / Actuator to reduce airflow. At thermostat set point the
MIN.CLG.
minimum airflow is maintained at a preselected setting.

SET POINT
3. Airflow is held constant in accordance with thermostat demand. Any

changes in duel air velocity due to static pressure fluctuate are sensed
+2OF
(+1.1OC)
ROOM TEMPERATURE INCREASE
and compensated for, resulting in pressure independent control.
INTRODUCTION TO VAV TERMINAL CONTROLS

The control of air temperature in a space requires that
to changing loadconditions will offset the space load
the variable heating and/or cooling loads in the space
as required.
are offset by some means. Space loads vary within a
The variable air volume terminal
building and are influenced by

many factors. These may include
unit or VAV box pressure
VARIABLE VOLUME AIR TERMINAL UNIT
independent. This Is a function of
climate, season, time of day arid
The control. The variable air
zone position within the building

i.e. interior or exterior zone and
volume terminal unit or VAV box

SUPPLY
AIR
allows us to vary the air volume
geographic orientation Other
DIFFUSER
variable loads include people,
CONTROLS
ENCLOSURE
type selected, also lets us vary
mechanical equipment lighting,

computers etc.
into a room and depending on

the air temperature into a room.
ROOM
THERMOSTAT
In an air conditioning system
OCCUPIED SPACE
The VAV terminal unit may be

pressure dependent or pressure
Typical Pressure Independent

compensating for the loads is achieved terminal unit controls and installation
independent. This is a function of the
by introducing air into the space at a
control package.
given temperature and quantity Since space loads are

always fluctuating the compensation to offset the loads
must also change in a corresponding manner Varying
the air temperature or varying the air volume or a
combination of both in a controlled manner in response
VAV terminals are the most energy efficient means of

providing control as the central system supply may be
sized based on the simultaneous peak demand of the
total zones. The diversity factor allows a reduction in
capacity as the central unit does not have to be sized
for the sum of the peak demands of the entire building.
15
PRESSURE DEPENDENT
A device is said to be pressure dependent when the flow rate
position . As duct pressure increases, so does the airflow over the
passing through It varies as the system inlet pressure fluctuates
damper with the flow rate varying in proportion to the square root
The flow rate is dependent on both the inlet pressure and the
of the static pressure drop across the terminal. This characteristic
damper position of the terminal unit.
is typical of any fixed orifice or in this case. a throttling damper.
The pressure dependent terminal unit consists of a damper and a
Lines 2a - 2b and 3a - 3b represent additional random positions as
damper actuator controlled directly by a room thermostat. The
the damper moves toward the full open position, line 4a - 4b.
actuator is modulated in response to room temperature only and
Pressure dependent terminals are therefore more prone to
acts
as
constant hunting when
a
AIR PRESSURE DROP(W.G.)
d a m p e r
positioner. (There
is no flow sensor or
reset controller).
Since the
air
volume varies with

inlet pressure, the
r o o m
m a y
6.00
4.00
DAMPER
SETTING
#1
thermostat is responding to
3b
DAMPER
SETTING
#2
0.20
1a
2a
0.02
0.01
100
experience
the terminal inlet, as the
2b
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
static pressures fluctuate al
1b
2.00
3a
200
TO OUTLET
variations in flow that it

didn't call for control
4b
DAMPER
SETTING
#3
accuracy is therefore
DAMPER
FULL
OPEN
4a
a pressure independent
300
poorer, when compared to

400 500 600 700 800 1000
terminal. The pressure
AIRFLOW (CFM)
temperature
Pressure Dependent
swings until the terminal damper characteristics
dependent terminal is for
Pressure Dependent
terminal controls
applications where neither

pressure independence nor
t h e r m o s t a t
repositions the damper Excessive airflow may also lead to
airflow limit regulation is required at the terminal. An example is a
unacceptable noise levels in the space. The logarithmic graph
constant volume central air supply where the downstream static
shown in figure 13a illustrates a pressure dependent terminals'
pressure is held constant by other controls Another example
reaction to duel pressure changes for several given damper
utilizes a constant volume central fan and zone. Bypass dampers
positions The line 1a - 1b represents one damper setting or
that respond to static pressure variations and short circuit excess

is directly back to the air handler.
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT
AIR PRESSURE DROP(W.G.)
6.00
4.00
2b
1b
MINIMUM
AIRFLOW
SETTING
2.00
3b
MAXIMUM
AIRFLOW
SETTING
VARIABLE
AIRFLOW
SETTING
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
3A
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
2A
1a
0.02
0.01
100
200
300
M
MU
INI
.W
rPs
IDE
ER
MP
DA
EN
OP
400 500 600 700 8001000
AIRFLOW (CFM)
A device is said to be
response to thermostat demand. the damper will modulate (open
pressure independent
and close) as required to hold the airflow setting constant up and
when the flow rate passing
down this vertical line regardless of upstream static
through it is maintained
variations Airflow will only change when the thermostat signal
constant regardless of
(demand) changes The vertical lines are cut off by the diagonal line
variation in system
inlet
pressure.
1a - 3a, which represents the minimum operating static pressure

requirement of the terminal unit for the given airflow - the pressure
drop across the terminal with the camper in the fully open position.
The pressure independent

control is achieved with the
addition of a flow sensor
Pressure Independent terminal damper
and flow controller lo the
VAV box. The controller maintains a preset volume by measuring

the flow through the inlet and modulating the damper in response
to the flow signal. The preset volume can be varied between
calibrated minimum or the maximum limits by the thermostat
output.
The logarithmic graph shown in figure 14a illustrates pressure
independent terminals typical air flow settings and
characteristics.
The vertical lines 1a - 1b and 3a - 3b represent the calibrated
minimum and maximum airflow settings respectively, that are
adjusted at the flow controller. Line 2a - 2b represents any
intermediate airflow setting maintained by the flow controller in
Pressure independence assures the proper distribution of air to the

conditioned space as required and allows the engineer to know that
the design limits specified will be maintained. Maximum
and
minimum air flow

limits are important
VARIABLE VOLUME AIR TERMINAL UNIT
for maintaining
p
airdistribution.
TO OUTLET
Maximum airflow
limit prevent over-
SUPPLY
AIR
ACTUATOR
cooling and excess

noise
in
the
occupied space.
Minimum airflow
limits assure that
proper ventilation is
maintained.
16
pressure
CONTROLLER
ROOM
THERMOSTAT
Pressure Independent terminal controls
COSMOS
TYPES OF CONTROLS
The various VAV controls available may include some or all of live following common
components.
a) Flow Sensor / Pick-up
This device monitors the primary air inlet, measures air velocity and provides a
feedback signal to the controller which directs the operation of the damper actuator.
This control loop is the essence of the pressure independent operation.
b) Room Thermostat or Temperature Sensor
A room thermostat senses the room temperature allows set point adjustment and also
signals the controller to direct the damper actuator accordingly Digital controls utilize
a temperature sensor. Setpoint changes are managed by the digital controller.
c) Flow Controller
This device is 'the brain' and receive the signals from the Flow Sensor and the Room
Thermostat or Temperature Sensor and processes the data to regulate thy damper
actuator.
d) Damper Actuator
This device receives the commands from the controller and opens or closes the
damper to change or maintain the required airflow setting.
ELECTRIC SYSTEMS (PRESSURE DEPENDENT)

Electric controls operate at 24
DAMPER
VAC powered by a transformer
TERMINAL
usually mounted within the

control box of the terminal.
ROOM
THERMOSTAT
These systems have no velocity
ELECTRIC
DAMPER
ACTUATOR
sensor & no controller. There is

no compensation for duel
LINE
TRANSFORMER
pressure fluctuations.
Electric Control Schematic
TRADITIONAL
The room thermostat has single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) contacts A rise
PNEUMATIC
VELOCITY
SENSOR
DAMPER
TERMINAL
in temperature drives a slow cycling damper actuator open in the cooling

mode and a fall in temperature reverses the actuator in the healing mode.
Thermostat response time to room temperature change is typically less
than me actuator response time. Control is sluggish and large
DIGITAL CONTROLLER
WITH VELOCITY TRANSDUCER
ROOM
THERMOSTAT
T
ELECTRIC
DAMPER
ACTUATOR
temperature swings may result.

State of the Art : Micro-processor based P + I thermostat provides
LINE
TRANSFORMER
superior control.
Digital Control Schematic
17
ANALOG ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (PRESSURE INDEPENDENT)

Analog electronic controls operate at 24 VAC powered by a transformer usually mounted
VELOCITY
SENSOR
DAMPER
TERMINAL
whim the control box of the terminal.

The electronic controls feature a velocity sensor (the pneumatic multi-point type with an
ELECTRONIC
CONTROLLER
WITH
ELECTRIC
DAMPER
ACTUATOR
ROOM
THERMOSTAT
electronic transducer) and an electronic velocity controller. They provide a proportional

control function.
TRANSFORMER
The electronic thermostat -s selected from one of these types; cooling, heating, cooling
with reheat or cooling-heating Analog electronic controls compensate for changes in duct
pressure.
LINE
Analog Electronic Control Schematic
DIGITAL CONTROL OVERVIEW

A direct digital controller uses a digital computer to implement
in application specifically designed for HVAC control. Micro-
control algorithms on one or multiple control loops. Interlace
processor based controllers bring cost effective, state of the
hardware allots the digital computer to process signals from
art computing power to the control of VAV terminal units, air
various input devices. The control software calculates the
handling units. packaged heating and cooling units and
required stale of the output devices such as valve and damper
entire building HVAC systems.
actuators and fan starters. The output devices are then

positioned to the calculated state via interface hardware.
Micro-processor based controllers use direct digital control to

replace conventional pneumatic or analog electronic
The basic principles of temperature control for heating,
controls A direct digital controller takes input signals from
ventilation and air conditioning systems are well established.
sensors to generate numbers processes, this information
These controlStrategies have been implemented using
digitally as directed by the programmed sequence of
pneumatic, electric, and analog electronic control devices In this
operation, and generates control action through binary
computer age, the micro-processor technology is now available
on/off output or analog output voltages.
DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL (DDC) SYSTEMS (PRESSURE INDEPENDENT)

These micro-processor based electronic controls also operate at 24 VAC powered by a transformer usually mounted within
the control box of the terminalThe flow signal from a pneumatic or electronic velocity sensor and signals from the room
temperature sensor are converted lo digital impulses in the specialized micro-computer controller. The program usually
includes a proportional. Integral and derivative (PID) control algorithm for excellent and highly accurate operation
The controller not only performs the reset and volume control functions, but also can be programmed and adjusted either
locally or remotely. It can link lo other controller and interface with fans, lighting and other equipment. Control can be
centralized in one computerDDC Controls compensate for chafes in. duct pressure.
corresponding increase in thermostat output (pressure or voltage).

Reverse Acting means that a room temperature increase causes a
corresponding decrease in the thermostat output.
18
100%
DIRECT
ACTING
THERMOSTAT
THERMOSTAT OUTPUT SIGNAL
Thermostat Action (Figure 19)

Directing Acting means that a room temperature increase causes a
100%
THERMOSTAT OUTPUT SIGNAL
CONTROLS TERMINOLOGY
REVERSE
ACTING
THERMOSTAT
Figure 19. Thermostat Action
BYPASS VARIABLE AIR VOLUME TERMINAL UNIT
Bypass VAVs combine the advantages of proven air handling

concepts to give complete zoning flexibility from a single zone source.
The VAVs complement by providing excellent temperature control and
central air distribution with unlimited zoning. The added advantage of
multi-zone systems are by supplying centralized air distribution from
unwanted zones to demand related zones
COSMOS makes bypass terminal units
SYSTEMS PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Cosmos Bypass Terminal Unit is a single duct pressure dependent air terminal unit, designed for use with popular constant volume
low and medium pressure packaged air handling systems or roof top air conditioning units at low prime cost. Temperature control is
achieved by supplying only enough conditioned air to the space to satisfy room thermostat demand. Excess air is diverted
(bypassed) directly to the return air ceiling plenum for free or ducted return. Airflow to each occupied zone will vary on thermostat
demand, from full flow to shut-off or to a set minimum air volume.
Bypass terminals can be added to a single-zone constant volume system to provide zoning without the energy penalty of a
conventional reheat system, providing low first cost with minimum fan controls. The Combination of efficient pressure independent
VAV & VFD driven AHU is more energy efficient compared to these
system. Its most frequent application is on small systems.
STANDARD FEATURES
Casing 22 gauge galvanized sheet with
round inlets. Outlets are square with four
side flange. Damper well design for reliable
long term operation. The internal linkage is
smooth due to frictionless double nylon
bushings.
12 x 12 mm plated steel drive shaft.
9 mm thick dual density insulation.
Size range from 150 mm to 400 mm with
capacities from 400 CFM installation
Compact low profile design is ideally suited
for installation in tight space
Electronics control factor y supply &
mounted.
Variety of control options available, based
on applications.
Electronic thermostat & actuator provide
accurate mounting control.
Cosmos make controls are programmed
for 100% switch of mode.
20
COSMOS
UNIQUE DAMPER DESIGN
COSMOS Bypass terminal units utilize a unique damper for superior control
and performance. A common problem with standard pivoted single blade
damper designs is objectionable noise and loss of modulation due to
pulsating and / or a snap-closing action of the valve. This is caused by a
poor valve design, which struggle to modulate turbulent airflow arid
require excessive torque.
The COSMOS damper eliminated these problems. The special damper
design smoothly modulates between supply and bypass conditions
essentially self - balancing, requirement.
The precisely design damper operates with minimum torque.
COSMOS MODULATING CONTROLS

Power Consumption
Hardware Specs
15 VA peak
Enclosures
Ambient limit
Confirms to NEMA1
Storage and operation -10 to 50 Deg C, Humidity- 0

to 95 RH Non condensing
Mounting
Actuator/Controller - Direct mounting on VAV shaft/box
Communicating Thermostat - On the wall in occupied
Temp sensor
IC Based epoxy potted
area.
Actuator Specs
Power Supply
4 VA, 24 Vac/dc, 30 sec stroke Guaranteed for 60,000
V to 24V
operations minimum
230 V
24 V ac for the controller 40 VA transformer 230
1 2 3
ACTUATOR
CONTROLLER
TEMP SENSOR
Mode of Operation
This advanced microprocessor based controller has fuzzy logic built into it. Based on the room temp sensed by the wall mounted
communicating thermostat the controller sends signal to the actuator to either close or open. This regulates the airflow going into
the occupied area. Thereby modulating the temp of the-room.
21
BYPASS TERMINAL UNIT ACESSORIES. DIMENSION

1. Single continuous length terminal construction minimizes casting leakage.
2. Continous internal insulation reduces insulation seams and minimized airflow disturbance.
75 mm
DIMENTIONAL DETAIL OF BY PASS VAV
CONTROLLER
BOX
"X"
"W"
BYPASS
AIR FLOW
60
"H"
"Y"
MODEL
CAPACITY
(CFM)
OD
"H"
"W"
"l"
XxY
VAV-BP-150
0 - 400
O 150
200
200
500
246 x 246
146 x 86
VAV-BP-200
0 - 700
O 200
250
250
500
296 x 296
190 x 100
VAV-BP-250
0 - 1100
O 250
300
300
600
346 x 346
240 x 115
VAV-BP-300
0 - 1600
O 300
350
350
600
396 x 396
290 x 130
VAV-BP-350
0 - 2100
O 350
400
500
600
546 x 546
440 x 135
VAV-BP-400
0 - 2800
O 400
445
500
600
446 x 491 440 x 200
75 mm
BYPASS
CONTROLLER
BOX
"X"
"W"
BYPASS
AIR FLOW
60
"H"
"Y"
22
MODEL
CAPACITY
(CFM)
OD
"H"
"W"
"l"
XxY
VAV-BP-150
0 - 400
O 150
200
200
1150
246 x 246
146 x 86
VAV-BP-200
0 - 700
O 200
250
250
1150
296 x 296
190 x 100
VAV-BP-250
0 - 1100
O 250
300
300
1150
346 x 346
240 x 115
VAV-BP-300
0 - 1600
O 300
350
350
1150
396 x 396
290 x 130
VAV-BP-350
0 - 2100
O 350
400
500
1150
546 x 546
440 x 135
VAV-BP-400
0 - 2800
O 400
445
500
1150
446 x 491 440 x 200
BYPASS
COSMOS
Performance Data - Sound Power Level

Model : VAV - BP
RADIATED
Inlet
size
150
200
250
300
350
400
Airflow
Cfm I/s
400
300
200
100
700
500
350
200
1100
800
500
250
1600
1200
800
400
2100
1600
1050
550
2750
2050
1375
700
Min. Discharge
Dps
w.g. pa
189
142
94
47
330
236
165
94
519
378
236
118
755
566
378
189
991
755
495
260
1298
967
649
330
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
12
7
2
2
15
7
2
2
Min. Discharge
Dps
w.g. pa
0.14
0.08
0.04
0.01
0.21
0.11
0.05
0.02
0.43
0.23
0.09
0.02
0.50
0.28
0.13
0.03
0.50
0.29
0.12
0.03
0.50
0.28
0.13
0.03
35
20
10
2
52
27
12
5
107
57
22
5
124
70
32
7
124
70
30
7
124
70
32
7
Bypass Closed
Sound Power Level (dB)
125
250
500
42
47
43
52
49
43
48
43
40
54
48
44
64
57
45
-
37
34
41
34
32
49
43
35
51
41
33
58
50
40
31
63
54
41
-
33
25
34
27
46
39
29
47
38
29
25
56
49
38
26
59
50
38
-
1000 2000 4000
24
28
37
28
37
29
49
42
29
49
41
27
-
26
32
26
35
25
49
40
46
36
-
23
29
41
29
37
25
-
NC
Levels
20
20
31
24
34
24
-
Bypass Open
125
250
500
54
47
60
52
47
43
65
56
47
42
69
61
50
44
69
62
51
73
65
54
40
55
48
38
34
59
50
40
30
64
55
45
28
69
60
49
40
69
62
50
37
73
65
53
35
52
45
34
29
55
46
37
62
52
43
66
58
49
41
67
60
50
36
71
63
53
33
1000 2000 4000
52
47
32
53
43
32
60
50
41
63
56
46
35
65
57
45
29
69
61
50
25
51
37
48
3
25
56
46
34
60
52
39
28
61
53
40
65
56
44
-
37
26
41
28
52
41
56
46
31
57
48
31
61
50
34
-
NC
Levels
25
30
20
37
25
40
33
22
43
35
23
47
37
27
-
Performance Notes:
1) Discharge sound power is the noise emitted from the unit discharge into the downstream duct.
2) Radiated sound power is the breakout noise transmitted through the unit casing wails.
3) Sound power levels are in decibels, dB re 10-12 watts.
4) All sound data listed by octave bands is raw data without any corrections for room absorption or duct attenuation.
Dash (-) in space indicates sound power level is less than 20 or equal to background.
5) Minimum discharge DPs is the static pressure loss through the unit with 100% airflow through discharge outlet.
6) Minimum bypass DPs is the static pressure loss through the unit with 100% airflow through the bypass outlet.
23
Performance Data - Sound Power Level

Model : VAV - BP
Inlet
size
150
200
250
300
350
400
24
Airflow
Cfm I/s
400
300
200
100
700
500
350
200
1100
800
500
250
1600
1200
800
400
2100
1600
1050
550
2750
2050
1375
700
189
142
94
47
330
236
165
94
519
378
236
118
755
566
378
189
991
755
495
260
1298
967
649
330
Min.
Discharge
DPs
w.g. pa
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
12
7
2
2
15
7
2
2
Min
Bypass
DPs
w.g. Pa
0.14
0.08
0.04
0.01
0.21
0.11
0.05
0.02
0.43
0.23
0.09
0.02
0.50
0.28
0.13
0.03
0.50
0.29
0.12
0.03
0.50
0.28
0.13
0.03
35
20
10
2
52
27
12
5
107
57
22
5
124
70
32
7
124
70
30
7
124
70
32
7
125
45
43
52
45
50
47
44
40
49
44
40
60
54
47
66
58
50
47
Discharge
250 500 1000 2000 4000
44
38
31
51
43
34
50
47
40
30
47
40
31
57
49
37
31
64
56
45
31
41
34
24
47
38
28
46
36
34
-
33
25
39
29
43
30
28
-
29
36
24
37
28
-
26
33
34
22
-
45
38
25
26
54
44
31
-
43
36
48
39
24
56
46
33
-
44
36
45
34
-
40
29
-
61
51
39
-
52
42
27
-
36
24
46
34
-
NC
Levels
Discharge
21
-
COSMOS
Mfg. & Mkt. by : SPECTRUM INDUSTRIES
info@cosmosadp.com
sales_mumbai@cosmosadp.com
www.cosmosadp.com
www.textcraft.com
A-9 Vimal Udyog Bhavan, 2nd Floor,

119, Taikalwadi, Mahim (W), Mumbai 400 016.

VAV Brochure

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COSMOS

Air Distribution Products

VARIABLE AIR VOLUME TERMINAL UNIT

Air Distribution Products

The VAV - PI is most common air terminal unit

Precisely design flow sensor grid.

offered by COSMOS. It operates on

A wide variety of sizes (10) results in a total flow

principle that as (cooling load is satisfied, the

range of 45 to 7100 cfm.

usually determined by the minimum level of

Pound damper blade constructed of elastomeric

ventilation required in the space. In addition,

gasket sandwiched between two heavy-duty 22

the VAV - PI can also be used at full shut-off for

gauge galvanized steel plates, resulting in low-

those applications where minimum ventilation

requirements are not necessary. Upon call for

Shaft with Delrin bearings Shaft features a

heat the damper shuts down to minimum.

position, indicator for easy identification of

The goal in designing VAV systems is to

Cosmos VAV can be furnished without controls,

Operate air terminals at low pressures and

with electronic analog controls, with factory-

airflows, while still satisfying the design

mounted direct digital controls (supplied by

conditions. The VAV - PI is designed for quiet

performance at typical operating conditions.

Integral discharge sound attenuator.

However for those critical sound applications,

Hanger brackets for " threaded rod support.

an integral sound attenuator is offered as an

DIMENSIONS DETAILS: BASE UNIT

Air Distribution Products

DIMENSIONS DETAILS: BASE UNIT WITH ATTENUATOR

(central fan system, office equipment, environment,

accoustical / energy that can enter the zone I along

two primary paths First, sound from the primary air

The units of measurement is once again decibels;

valve can propagate through the downstream duet

however, in this case decibels represent units of

and diffusers before entering the zone (referred to as

pressure (Pascals), since the human ear and

Discharge or Airborne Sound). Acoustical energy is

microphones react to pressure variations.

also radiated from the terminal casing and travels

There is no direct relationship between sound power

NOISE CRITERIA (NC). The bottom line acoustical

in the zone based in part by the published sound

criteria for most projects is the NC (Noise Criteria)

power levels of the terminal equipment. The NC levels

level. This NC level is derived from resulting sound

are totally dependent on the project specific design,

pressure levels in the zone. These sound pressure

architecturally and mechanically For a constant

levels are the effect of acoustical energy (sound

operating condition (fixed sound power levels), the

power levels) entering the zone caused by the

resulting NC level in the zone will vary from one

terminal unit and other sound generating sources

GENERAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A QUIET SYSTEM

attention should be paid to the proper selection of au