HIS 1111 Spring 2012 Final Exam Review The First Civilizations Ancient India Early China Ancient

Greece Early Rome, the Roman Empire Christianity Early America Islam Early Africa Europe and the Byzantine Empire Exploration, Expansion and Trade The Protestant Reformation (state power, social changes, printing, humanism, church and religion) Martin Luther (Lutheranism) Ulrich Zwingli John Calvin (Calvinism) King Henry VIII (Anglicanism) The Catholic Reformation The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) Pope Paul III (A Reformed Papacy) The Council of Trent Politics and Wars of Religion (France, Spain, England) Economic and Social Crises (population decline, witchcraft mania, mercantilism) The Thirty Years War Absolutism (Louis XIV, Prussia, Austria, Russia) England and Limited Monarchy European Culture (Baroque, Dutch Realism, Literature) Muslim Empires (The Ottoman Empire, The Safavids, The Mughals) East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam) Empires in the New World and Revolution The Scientific Revolution Aristotle, Ptolemy (geocentric theory) Nicolaus Copernicus (heliocentric theory) Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton The Enlightenment (background, high culture Rococo, popular culture, absolutism) John Locke Philosophes (Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Adam Smith, JeanJacques Rousseau) The Woman Question (Maria Winkelmann, Mary Wollstonecraft) European Society (economic and social changes) Colonial Empires and Global Confrontation (Latin America, North America) The American Revolution The French Revolution and Napoleon

2 What was the Reformation? What changes in the fifteenth century helped prepare the way for the dramatic upheavals in sixteenth century Europe? What were the main criticisms of the Catholic Church? How did the Reformation challenge the Catholic Church? What was the difference between the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation? Why is the period between 1560 and 1650 in Europe called an age of crisis? What was absolutism, and what were the main characteristics of the absolute monarchies that emerged in France, Prussia, Austria, and Russia? What was the conflict between the King of England and Parliament? How did the conflict result in civil war and a revolution and what was the final outcome? What is the Bill of Rights and why is it significant? How did the artistic and literary achievements that developed during the religious wars and the growth of absolutism reflect the political and economic developments of the period? What were the main characteristics of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavids and the Mughals? How did they resemble each other? How were they unique from each other and from European governments and societies? What were the main characteristics of Manchu rule in China? How did the societies of China and Japan change during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? How did China and Japan respond to the coming of the Europeans, and what explains the differences in their approach? What were the characteristics of Korean and Vietnamese civilizations during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? Who were the leading figures of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment and what were their main contributions? How did monarchs attempt to follow the principles of the philosophes? Or, did they? Explain. What changes occurred in the European economy in the eighteenth century? How did Spain, Portugal and Britain govern their colonial empires? What were the main characteristics of Latin American and North American societies in the eighteenth century? What was the American Revolution? How did the American Revolution result in the creation of a new nation and why was this significant? How were global confrontations such as the Seven Years War and the French and Indian War a result of competition and rivalry between European states? How did these tensions change the colonial empires in the Western Hemisphere?

What were the causes, the main events, and the results of the French Revolution? Who was Napoleon and how did his rule and empire accept AND reject the principles of the French Revolution? What caused his downfall?