Heart Three basic layers Endocardium (equivalent to tunica intima) Myocardium (equivalent to tunica media) Epicardium / Visceral pericardium

dium (equivalent to tunica adventitia)

Myocardium Consist of cardiac muscle Thickness varies Thinnest in atria and thickest in left ventricle. Two layers Outer layer ; Superficial Deeper layer ; Deeper layer

Cardiac muscle Found only in the myocardium. Involuntary but striated. Cells are aligned in the form of chains branched. Fibers form an interconnecting network joined to each other by specialized inter cellular junctions called intercalated disks/discs. Endomysium CT containing a rich capillary network.

Cardiac muscle

They show a cross striated banding pattern. Size 100 m & 15 m. Nucleus usually single large oval central Sarcolemma T- tubes, not regularly arranged, and lie at Z-lines Sarcoplasm - more abundant. In addition to myofibrils, it contains: Organelles numerous mitochondria, SPR & GA. Inclusions glycogen granules, fat droplets, lipofuscin pigment & membrane bound granules

Myofibrils course irregularly & frequently branch Sarcosomes occupy 40% or more cytoplasmic volume Sarcoplasmic reticulum overall plexiform pattern is formed.

T- tubes are generally associated with one lateral expansion called diads. Fatty acids major fuel of heart. Glycogen granules small amount used in stress. Lipofuscin pigment

Membrane-limited granules 0.2 0.3 m diameter. 600/cell in Rt. Atrium, contain h igh MW precursor of a hormone atrial natriuretic factor (auriculin). Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle Longitudinal section; Longitudinal fibers parallel to each other Connected with faint pink intercalated discs which cross some of the fibers. Nuclei are centrally placed Regular cytoplasmic striations are easily visible.

Longitudinal section; Under high power Capillaries seen between the fibers. Red blood cells are seen in single file

Drawing of a section of the heart muscle showing central nuclei, cross-striat ion, and intercalated disks Cardiac muscle Longitudinal section of portions of 2 cardiac muscle cells. The transversely oriented parts of the intercalated disk consist of a fascia adherens and numerous desmosomes. The longitudinal parts (arrows) contain gap junctions. Mitochondria (M) are numerous. Fibrils of reticular fibers are seen between the two cells. x18,000. Heart Three basic layers Endocardium (equivalent to tunica intima) Myocardium (equivalent to tunica media) Epicardium / Visceral pericardium

(equivalent to tunica adventitia)

Myocardium Consist of cardiac muscle Thickness varies Thinnest in atria and thickest in left ventricle. Two layers Outer layer ; Superficial Deeper layer ; Deeper layer

Cardiac muscle Found only in the myocardium. Involuntary but striated. Cells are aligned in the form of chains branched. Fibers form an interconnecting network joined to each other by specialized inter cellular junctions called intercalated disks/discs. Endomysium CT containing a rich capillary network.

Cardiac muscle They show a cross striated banding pattern. Size 100 m & 15 m. Nucleus usually single large oval central Sarcolemma T- tubes, not regularly arranged, and lie at Z-lines Sarcoplasm - more abundant. In addition to myofibrils, it contains: Organelles numerous mitochondria, SPR & GA. Inclusions glycogen granules, fat droplets, lipofuscin pigment & membrane bound granules

Myofibrils course irregularly & frequently branch Sarcosomes occupy 40% or more cytoplasmic volume Sarcoplasmic reticulum overall plexiform pattern is formed.

T- tubes are generally associated with one lateral expansion called diads. Fatty acids major fuel of heart. Glycogen granules small amount used in stress. Lipofuscin pigment

Membrane-limited granules 0.2 0.3 m diameter. 600/cell in Rt. Atrium, contain h igh MW precursor of a hormone atrial natriuretic factor (auriculin). Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle Longitudinal section; Longitudinal fibers parallel to each other Connected with faint pink intercalated discs which cross some of the fibers. Nuclei are centrally placed Regular cytoplasmic striations are easily visible.

Longitudinal section; Under high power Capillaries seen between the fibers. Red blood cells are seen in single file

Drawing of a section of the heart muscle showing central nuclei, cross-striat ion, and intercalated disks Cardiac muscle Longitudinal section of portions of 2 cardiac muscle cells. The transversely oriented parts of the intercalated disk consist of a fascia adherens and numerous desmosomes. The longitudinal parts (arrows) contain gap junctions. Mitochondria (M) are numerous. Fibrils of reticular fibers are seen between the two cells. x18,000.