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Asymptotes: Horizontal Asymptote: y = 2 1(b) x 2 + 3x 1 3 = x +1 x+2 x+2 Vertical Asymptotes: x = 2 Oblique Asymptote: y = x + 1 y= x x = 0+ ( x + 2)( x 2) x 4 Vertical Asymptotes: x = 2 and x = 2 Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0 y=
2
1(c)
1(d)
x=0 y=x
1(e)
1 1 = 0+ 2 x +4 x +4 Vertical Asymptotes: NIL [Note: Thers is no real root for which x 2 + 4 = 0.] Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0
2
1(f)
y = 1 + e x Vertical Asymptotes:
NIL
2(a)
y = x3 2 x + 3
(0.816, 4.09)
3
(0.816, 1.91)
1.89
y 2(b) y=e
2 x
y=0 y
2(c)
y = ln( x + 2)
ln 2
x = 2
2(d)
y2 = x 1 y
2(e)
y=
9 x4 1 = 2 x + 1 2 2(2 x + 1)
y
y=
1 2
x=
1 2 y
2(f)
y = x ln x , x > 0
x 1 (0.368, 0.368)
2(g)
y=
x2 x + 2 8 = x+2+ x 3 x 3
y y = x+2
(5.83, 10.7)
2 2 3
(0.172, 0.657) x
x=3
x2 + 4 x + 1 2 2(h) y = = x +3 x +1 x +1
y = x+3
3
3.73
1
3 0.268
x = 1
2(i)
y = 1+
6 24 x 3 x +3
y =1
x
(9, 0)
9
(1, 8)
x = 3
x=3
x2 y2 + = 1 - An ellipse 4 9 x2 y2 = 1 - A hyperbola 4 9
3(b) 3(e)
x2 y2 + = 1 - A circle 4 4 ( x 2) 2 + y 2 = 1 - An ellipse 25
( x 1) 2 = 16 + 4( y + 3) 2 ( x 1) 2 4( y + 3) 2 = 16
(x 1) 2 ( y + 3) 2 =1 16 4 x2 + y 2 + 2 x 6 y = 6 - A hyperbola
3(f)
x2 + 2 x + y2 6 y = 6 ( x + 1) 2 12 + ( y 3) 2 32 = 6 ( x + 1) 2 + ( y 3) 2 = 16 - A circle
4(a)
y 2 + 4 x 2 = 16
x2 y 2 + =1 4 16
4(b)
x y =1 25 4
y=
2 x 5
2 y= x 5 4(c) ( x 2) + ( y 1) = 5
2 2
2 (2, 1) 5 x 4
y2 ( x 1) 2 = 1 9
4(d)
y = 3( x 1)
3 2
(1, 3)
0
3
y = 3( x 1) 6
5(a)
5(b)
5(c)
5(d)
5(e)
6(a)
6(b)
6(c)
6(d)
6(e)
6(f)
[Replace x by (x).]
Geometrical transformation: A reflection about the y-axis. 6(h) y= x+2 x+2 y= x +1 2( x +1)
1 .. 2
Geometrical transformation: A stretch parallel to the y-axis with a scale factor of 7(a)
y = f ( x) y = f ( x + 1) 2 (i) A translation of 1 units in the direction of the x-axis. (ii) A translation of 2 units in the direction of the y-axis.
7(b)
y = f ( x ) y = f (2 x + 1) (i) A translation of 1 units in the direction of the x-axis. (ii) A stretch parallel to the x-axis with a scale factor of 1/2. 1 7(c) y = f ( x) y = f ( x) 2 (i) A stretch parallel to the x-axis with a scale factor of 2. (ii) A reflection about the y-axis.
7(d) y = f ( x ) y = 1 f ( x + 1) . (i) A translation of 1 unit in the direction of the x-axis. (ii) A reflection about the x-axis. (iii) A translation of 1 unit in the direction of the y-axis. 8(a) 8(b) 8(c) 8(d) 8(e) The equation of the resulting graph is y = f ( x + 2) .
x The equation of the resulting graph is y = f . 2 The equation of the resulting graph is y = 2f ( x ). The equation of the resulting graph is y = f ( x ). The equation of the resulting graph is y = f ( x ) + 1.
9(i) (4, 2)
( 2,3)
y
y = f ( x + 3)
( 5, 0 )
( 3, 0 )
( 1, 0 )
9(ii) 1 ( , 2) 3
2 ,0 3
1 ,3 3
y = f ( 3x )
( 0, 0 )
x
2 ,0 3
9iii)
(1, 3)
(1, 2 )
( 2, 0 )
y = f (x)
( 0, 0 )
( 2, 0 )
9(iv)
(1, 1)
(1, 2)
y = f ( x) 4
( 0, 4 )
9(v)
(1, 8)
(1,12 )
y = 4 f ( x)
( 2, 0 )
( 0, 0 )
( 2, 0 )
9(vi)
y
y = f ( x)
( 2, 0 )
(1, 2)
( 0, 0 )
( 2, 0 )
(1, 3)
(1, 3) 9(vii)
(1,3)
y= f (x)
( 2, 0 )
( 0, 0 )
( 2, 0 )
y
9(viii) (1, 2)
(1,3)
y = f ( x)
( 2, 0 )
( 0, 0 )
( 2, 0 )
y
9(ix)
(1,
(1, 3 )
y2 = f ( x)
2)
( 2, 0 )
(1, 2)
( 0, 0 )
( 2, 0 )
(1, 3 )
10
9(x)
1 1, 2
1 1, 3
y=0
y= x = 2 x=0 x=2
1 f ( x)
10(i)
y2 = f ( x)
y= 3
(1, 0 )
y= 3
x = 2
11
10(ii)
y
y= 1 f ( x)
y=
1 3
( 2, 0 )
(0, -2)
x =1
11(i) The graph of y = 3 x could be mapped onto the graph of y = 3x +1 by a stretch parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor of 3 OR a translation parallel to the x-axis in the negative direction of 1 unit. (ii)
5 x = 3 px p = ln 5 . ln 3
The graph of y = 3x could be mapped onto the graph of ln 3 to the x-axis by a scale factor of . ln 5
y = 5 x by a stretch parallel
12
(i) y 2 = f ( x)
(0.845, 3.08)
(0.845, 1.75)
x
2 (0.845,-1.75)
(iii) y = f ( x )
y
4
y
(-3.15, -3.08)
(3.15, -3.08)
(iv) y =
1 f ( x)
(0.845, 0.325)
x
(3.15, -0.325)
x=2 x=4
13
13.
1
(0.368, 0.368) is the minimum point.
(0.368, 0.368)
y= 1 x ln x
(i)
y
y 2 = x ln x . y
(ii)
x x
( 0.368, 2.721)
14.
y y = x 4e x
(4, 4.69)
y = 0 x
(0, 0) is the minimum point and (4, 4.69) is the maximum point.
y y 2 = x 4e x
(4, 2.17)
14
14(ii)
y = x 4e x
(4, 4.67) y=0
x
14(iii)
y y = x 4 e x
(4, 0.213)
y=0
x=0
15.
(i) (ii)
y = ( x + 2)2 + 4
x2 x y = +4= +4 4 2
1 2 Step 2: Translation parallel to the y-axis in the positive direction of 2 units Step 3: Reflection about the x-axis Step 1: Stretch parallel to the x-axis by a scale factor of
OR
Step 1: Stretch parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor of 2 Step 2: Translation parallel to the y-axis in the negative direction of 2 units Step 3: Reflection about the x-axis 16. Let f ( x) = y = x 2 . After A: y = f ( x 3) = ( x 3)2 After B: y = 2f ( x 3) = 2( x 3)2 After C: y = 2f ( x 3) + 5 = 2( x 3) 2 + 5 The equation of the resulting curve is y = 2( x 3)2 + 5 .
15
2f ( x 3) + 5 = x 2 f ( x 3) = f ( x) =
x2 5 2
( x + 3)2 5 2
(2, 2)
y = f (2 2x)
(1, 0)
5 ( , 0) 2
x y = 1
x=3
17 (ii)
y=4
y = 1 3 f ( x)
(0,1)
x = 4
(2, 5)
16
17(iii)
y=2f ( x)
y = 2
17(iv)
(2,
y= f ( x)
y
2)
17(v)
3
3
x
y = f ( x)
17(vi)
y
(2, 2)
y2 = f ( x)
y =1
( 3, 0 )
y = 1
x = 4
17
y
17(vii)
( 4, 0 )
(2,
1 ) 2
y = 1
y=
1 f ( x)
x = 3
x=0
18(i)
y =1
x
(1, 5)
x =1
18
(ii)
x y = f (1 ) 2
x x y = f(x) y = f(1 + x) y = f(1 + ) y = f (1 ) 2 2 [ translation -1 units in the direction of x-axis. stretch // x-axis, factor 2 ; Reflection in y-axis.]
( x , y ) ( x 1, y ) (2( x 1), y ) ( 2( x 1), y ) = ( 2 x + 2, y ) ( x, y ) (2 2 x, y ) y (0, 0) (2, 0)
x =1 x = 0
x
y =1
19(a)
y = f ( x) .
x=0
(4, 5)
y = f(x)
y
(b)
y = f(|x |)
19
20.
f ( x) f ( x + 2) 3 f ( x + 2 ) 2 + 3 f ( x + 2 )
Sequence of transformations will be 1) Translation of -2 units along the x - axis 2) Scaling of 3 along the y - axis 3) Translation of 2 units along the y - axis y
7/2
-7/2
-2
20