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Indian Institute of Planning & Management Satbari, New Delhi-74 Submitted by :Name : Prateek Arora Class : FD1 Batch : ISBE-A FW 10/12 Enrolment NO.: D1012FWISBE-A10036-(NOI-2-NA-2044)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With regard to my Project with Mutual Fund. I would like to thank each and every one who offered help, guideline and support whenever required. I would like to sincerely acknowledge the constant support and guidance of my mentor Mr. Anil Kumar. He provided me with all the resources and autonomy which made me put in the best of Efforts. I would also like to express my gratitude towards Mr. Kuldeep Mittal for giving me the opportunity to undergo summer internship at INDIABULLS HOUSE. I am extremely grateful to the whole employee Fraternity of INDIABULLS HOUSE, for their acceptance and support and for being so friendly. The opportunity to work for INDIABULLS HOUSE has enlightened my approach towards my chosen field and gave me a fantastic corporate exposure. Last but not the least I would like to thank my co-trainees Mr. Abhijit and Ms. Roshi Kapoor for helping me in the research work and who were always there to extend a hand of co-operation.
PRATEEK ARORA
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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Prateek Arora a student of IIPM New Delhi has completed project work on MUTUAL FUNDS under my guidance and supervision. I certify that this is an original work and has not been copied from any source.
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DECLERATION I hereby declare that this Project Report entitled PROJECT ON MUTUTAL FUND submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master of Business Administration (MBA) of THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNING AND MANAGEMET, NEW DELHI is based on primary & secondary data found by me in various departments, books, magazines and websites & Collected by me in under guidance of C.A. Kuldeep Mittal.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In few years Mutual Fund has emerged as a tool for ensuring ones financial well being. Mutual Funds have not only contributed to the India growth story but have also helped families tap into the success of Indian Industry. As information and awareness is rising more and more people are enjoying the benefits of investing in mutual funds. The main reason the number of retail mutual fund investors remains small is that six in ten people with incomes in India do not know that mutual funds exist. But once people are aware of mutual fund investment opportunities, the number who decide to invest in mutual funds increases to as many as one in five people. The trick for converting a person with no knowledge of mutual funds to a new Mutual Fund customer is to understand which of the potential investors are more likely to buy mutual funds and to use the right arguments in the sales process that customers will accept as important and relevant to their decision. This Project gave me a great learning experience and at the same time it gave me enough scope to implement my analytical ability. The analysis and advice presented in this Project Report is based on market research on the saving and investment practices of the investors and preferences of the investors for investment in Mutual Funds. This Report will help to know about the investors Preferences in Mutual Fund means Are they prefer any particular Asset Management Company (AMC), Which type of Product they prefer, Which Option (Growth or Dividend) they prefer or Which Investment
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Strategy they follow (Systematic Investment Plan or One time Plan). This Project as a whole can be divided into two parts. The first part gives an insight about Mutual Fund and its various aspects, the Company Profile, Objectives of the study, Research Methodology. One can have a brief knowledge about Mutual Fund and its basics through the Project.
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgement Declaration Executive Summary
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COMPANY PROFILE
Indiabulls Financial Services Limited:
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It became a Public Limited Company on February 27, 2004 and the name of the Company was changed to M/s. Indiabulls Financial Services Limited. The Company was promoted by three engineers from IIT Delhi, and has attracted more than Rs.700 million as investments from venture capital, private equity and institutional investors such as LNM India Internet Ventures Ltd., Transatlantic Corporation Ltd., Farallon Capital Partners, L.P., R R Capital Partners L.P., and Infinity Technology Trustee Pvt. Ltd. and has developed significant relationships with large commercial banks such as Citibank, HDFC Bank, Union Bank, ICICI Bank, ABN Amro Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Lord Krishna Bank and IL&FS. The Company and its subsidiaries have facilities from the above mentioned banks and financial institutions aggregating to millions.
The Company headquarters are co-located in Mumbai and Delhi, allowing it to access the two most important regions for Indian financial markets, the Western region including Mumbai, rest of Maharashtra and Gujarat; and the Northern region, including the National Capital Territory of Delhi, nearby cities, parts of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab; and access the highly skilled and educated workforce in these cities.
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The Company was established by three engineers from IIT Delhi, and has attracted significant amount of investments from venture, private equity and institutional investors. The details are as follows:
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1. To hold investments in various step-down subsidiaries for investing, acquiring, holding, purchasing or procuring equity shares, debentures, bonds, mortgages, obligations, securities of any kind issued or guaranteed by the Company.
2. To provide financial consultancy services; to provide investment advisory services on the internet or otherwise
3. To conduct the business of sale, purchase, distribution and transfer of shares, debts, instruments and hybrid financial instruments
5. To receive funds, deposits and investments from the public, Government agencies, financial institutions and corporate bodies
6. To carry on the business of portfolio management services, investment advisory services; custodial services; asset management services
7. To carry on the business of financing; provide lease and hire purchase services; to provide consultancy in the area of lease and hire purchase financing.
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BUSINESS MODEL
The Company and its subsidiaries have a vast client base spread all over India and have been augmenting its client base across the country, which makes its business model a low risk model as compared to a business model which may be dependent on very few clients. The companys revenues are largely based on fee/commission income generated through providing securities brokerage & related financial services to individual investors and independent advisors. The Company and its subsidiaries focus on a core client base of individual investors and the marketing associates who serve them.
The Company offers the following products and services in the financial markets: Stocks Options and Futures 25 Depository Services Commodities Insurance Products Mutual Funds Bonds and Debt Products
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ISL has a national presence through its 160 branches, covering 18 states. The locations of the offices have been selected based on the demand of financial products in any particular city.
1.4 Functional Departments of the Organization. A company organized with a functional structure groups people together into functional departments such as purchasing, accounts, production, sales, marketing, advertising, subscriptions, Outstation business development, Book fairs and
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Year-on-Year (Y-o-Y) Comparison Q1 FY 10-11 Key Financial Highlights (Q1 FY 10-11 v/s Q1 FY 09-10) Q1 FY 10-11 Q1 FY 09-10 Growth
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Quarter-on-Quarter (Q-o-Q) Comparison Q1 FY 10-11 Key Financial Highlights (Q1 FY 10-11 v/s Q4 FY 09-10)
Q1 FY 10-11 Total (Rs. Cr.) PBT (Rs. Cr.) PAT (Rs. Cr.) 199.80 133.58 Revenues 471.09
Q1 FY 09-10 428.56
Growth 9.92%
143.60 94.36
39.14% 41.56%
Q1 FY 09-10
MORTGAGE CORPORATE 50.00% SME CV
25.00%
PL
EPS (Rs.)
4.24
2.99
41.81%
6.00% 6.00%
Q1 FY 10-11
1.00% MORTGAG E CORPORA TE SME CV
18.00% 69.00%
Increasing share of lowrisk mortgage loans Composition of long tenure loans up to 69% and will result in sustained asset growth Medium term loans are down to 31% of the overall loans from 56% in Q1 FY 0910 Growth in mortgage loans will lead to lower provisioning costs
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Q1 FY 09-10
2.00% BANK LOANS 36.00% 62.00% CP NCDs
CRISIL Rating Report on Indiabulls Financial Services Ltd.: IBFSLs resource profile has gradually improved over the past two years, with lower dependence on short-term market borrowing, stronger and larger number of lender relationships, and lower borrowing costs.
NCD Issuance: In July 2010 IBFSL has raised Rs 1,260 Cr. from allotment of 3 years secured redeemable NonConvertible Debenture (NCDs) to leading Banks, PFs and Financial Institutions. Shift towards long term debt and NCDs from large number of public sector banks and financial institutions at competitive rates. Company to further focus on diversifying its sources of funding
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AA (Stable) Rating from ICRA (An Associate of Moodys Investors Service) and CARE to contribute towards efficient management of cost of funds as the company enhances its borrowing programme to fund its expanding loan portfolio Company has been able to avail long term loans from PSU banks at very competitive rates for its home loans portfolio
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CRAR of 28.48% provides for considerable headroom for growth of loan portfolio for the next 3 years. Company to focus on long duration term loans and NCDs to fund expansion of its asset book
11.00%
2.00%
Steady long term and sustained loan book growth to further increase contribution of Interest Income
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Steadily growing portfolio and income will further improve the cost income ratio Improving cost income ratio will help stabilize spreads as the company expands its portfolio towards low risk mortgage assets
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Net NPA as % of AUM CRISIL Rating Report on India bulls Financial Services Ltd.: Mortgage financing is less susceptible to economic cycles in terms of growth and portfolio quality vis-vis other retail asset classes such as auto loans and personal loans. CRISIL, therefore, believes that IBFSLs shift of business focus to mortgages will lead to a structural improvement in the companys asset quality. NPA Levels to reduce further as company shifts its product mix towards low risk mortgage assets Historical baggage of high risk assets constitutes major portion of the NPAs and will continuously comedown with asset growth mainly in mortgage assets
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SECTOR OVERVIEW
INDIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES INDUSTRY
India is a large and growing economy with rapidly expanding financial services sector. The sector has witnessed a transformation over the last decade as a result of the economic liberalization which started in 1991. Reforms are continuing as part of the overall structural reforms aimed at improving the productivity and efficiency of the economy. The role of an integrated financial infrastructure is to stimulate and sustain economic growth.
The US$28 billion Indian financial services sector has grown at around 15 per cent and has displayed stability for the last several years, even when other markets in the Asian region were facing a crisis. This stability was ensured through the resilience that has been built into the system over time. The financial services sector has kept pace with the growing needs of corporate and other borrowers. Banks, capital market participants, insurers and mutual fund companies have developed a wide range of products and services to suit varied customer requirements.
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The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has successfully introduced a regime where interest rates are more in line with market forces. Financial institutions have combated the reduction in interest rates and pressure on their margins by constantly innovating and targeting attractive consumer segments. Banks and trade financiers have also played an important role in promoting foreign trade of the country.
CAPITAL MARKETS
The Indian capital markets have undergone a substantial change over the last decade. The market has also witnessed substantial progress in terms of regulatory reforms, application of technology to trading and settlement, and sophistication of listed securities including single stock futures and options. These have been accompanied by an accelerated growth in trading volumes, with BSE and NSE combined average daily turnover expanding approximately from Rs.4800 million in 1995-96 to approximately Rs.232,094 million in April 2004.
India is now placed among the mature markets of the world. With over 20 million shareholders, India has the third largest investor base in the world after USA and Japan. Regulatory changes, increased capital requirement, greater customer sophistication and application of technology have forced the brokerage industry to consolidate.
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Over the last 7 years, the market share of the top 5 brokers has increased from 6% (1996-97) to 13% (December, 2003), with most of the consolidation coming in the last 2 years. The consolidation in the online business is even greater, with the top 5 players owning more than 90% of the market. This consolidation is expected to continue, and provide an opportunity for the top broker to own 15% market share or more over the next 3-4 years.
INSURANCE SECTOR
With the opening of the market, foreign and private Indian players are keen to convert untapped market potential into opportunities by providing tailor-made products. The presence of a host of new players in the sector has resulted in a shift in approach and the launch of innovative products, services and valueadded benefits. Foreign majors have entered the country and announced joint ventures in both life and non-life areas. Major foreign players include New York Life, Aviva, Tokio Marine, Allianz, Standard Life, Lombard General, AIG, AMP and Sun Life among others. With competition, the erstwhile state sector companies have become aggressive in terms of product offerings, marketing and distribution. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) has played a proactive role as a regulator and a facilitator in the sectors development. The size of the market presents immense opportunities to new players with only 20 per cent of the countrys insurable population currently insured.
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There are four public sector and nine private sector insurance companies operating in general/non-life insurance business with a premium income of over US$ 2.58 billion. The markets potential has been estimated to have a premium income of US$ 80 billion with a potential size of over 300 million people. The General Insurance Corporation (GIC) (which covers the non-life sector) had a total premium income of US$ 2 billion in 2001-02. This has the potential to reach US$ 9 billion in the next five years.
Mutual Funds Sector Over the past ten years, the Indian mutual fund industry has been one of the fastest growing sectors in the Indian capital and financial markets. The industry has grown in size by about 200 percent from March 1993 to December 2003, at Rs.1.40 trillion in terms of assets under management. The rapid growth has led to considerable changes in regulation, the structure of funds available and the composition of net assets across various industry segments, as well as in the portfolio of investment funds.Other financial services sectors are growing rapidly too, partly fuelled by recent structural changes, such as the opening up of the Insurance sector for private insurance companies as stated above, and increased investor appetite for market linked instruments (such as equities, mutual funds etc.) due to the rapid decline in local interest rates and commensurate reduction in attractiveness of fixed income instruments. The retail financial services sector is expected to grow at very high rates and the market share leaders will be able to enjoy exceptional growth if they can execute on providing diversified services at low cost to a large number of clients with world class service standards.
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113.89
SBI
Gold
2092.91
Traded Scheme
83.95
49.03
HDFC Growth
Equity
Fund
Axis
Liquid
Fund
Institutional - Growth
Bharti
AXA
Treasury
Apr 2011 13 Apr 2011 13 Apr 2011 13 Apr 2011 13 Apr 2011
1784.38
288.37
1089.90
1173.78
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MUTUAL FUNDS
ALL ABOUT MUTUAL FUNDS WHAT IS MUTUAL FUND BY STRUCTURE BY NATURE EQUITY FUND DEBT FUNDS BY INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE OTHER SCHEMES PROS & CONS OF INVESTING IN MUTUAL FUNDS ADVANTAGES OF INVESTING MUTUAL FUNDS DISADVANTAGES FUNDS MUTUAL FUNDS INDUSTRY IN INDIA MAJOR PLAYERS OF MUTUAL FUNDS IN INDIA HISTORY OF THE INDIAN MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY CATEGORIES OF MUTUAL FUNDS
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OF
INVESTING
MUTUAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES WORKING OF A MUTUAL FUND GUIDELINES OF THE SEBI FOR MUTUAL FUND COMPANIES DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS DOES FUND PERFORMANCE AND RANKING PERSIST? PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS TOOLS
RESEARCH REPORT OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH SCOPE OF THE STUDY DATA SOURCES SAMPLING DATA ANALYSIS MUTUAL FUND AND ITS VARIOUS ASPECTS Mutual fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. This pool of money is invested in accordance with a stated objective. The joint ownership of the fund is thus Mutual, i.e. the fund belongs to all investors. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion the number of units owned by them.
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When an investor subscribes for the units of a mutual fund, he becomes part owner of the assets of the fund in the same proportion as his contribution amount put up with the corpus (the total amount of the fund). Mutual Fund investor is also known as a mutual fund shareholder or a unit holder ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND Portfolio Diversification Professional management Reduction / Diversification of Risk Liquidity Flexibility & Convenience Reduction in Transaction cost Safety of regulated environment Choice of schemes Transparency
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DISADVANTAGE OF MUTUAL FUND No control over Cost in the Hands of an Investor No tailor-made Portfolios Managing a Portfolio Funds Difficulty in selecting a Suitable Fund Scheme
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CATEGORIES
OF
MUTUAL
FUND
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Open-ended funds: Investors can buy and sell the units from the fund, at any point of time.
Close-ended funds: These funds raise money from investors only once. Therefore, after the offer period, fresh investments can not be made into the fund. If the fund is listed on a stocks exchange the units can be traded like stocks (E.g., Morgan Stanley Growth Fund).
Based on their investment objective: Equity funds: These funds invest in equities and equity related
instruments. With fluctuating share prices, such funds show volatile performance, even losses. However, short term fluctuations in the market, generally smoothens out in the long term, thereby offering higher returns at relatively lower volatility. At the same time, such funds can yield great capital appreciation as, historically, equities have outperformed all asset classes in the long term. Hence, investment in equity funds should be considered for a period of at least 3-5 years. It can be further classified as: i) Index funds- In this case a key stock market index, like BSE Sensex or Nifty is tracked. Their portfolio mirrors the benchmark
index both in terms of composition and individual stock weightages. ii) Equity diversified funds- 100% of the capital is invested in equities spreading across different sectors and stocks.
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Balanced fund: Their investment portfolio includes both debt and equity. As a result, on the risk-return ladder, they fall between equity and debt funds. Balanced funds are the ideal mutual funds vehicle for investors who prefer spreading their risk across various instruments. Following are balanced funds classes: i) Debt-oriented funds -Investment below 65% in equities. ii) Equity-oriented funds -Invest at least 65% in equities, remaining in debt. Debt fund: They invest only in debt instruments, and are a good option for investors averse to idea of taking risk associated with
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instruments like bonds, debentures, Government of India securities; and money market instruments such as certificates of deposit (CD), commercial paper (CP) and call money. Put your money into any of these debt funds depending on your investment horizon and needs. i) Liquid funds- These funds invest 100% in money market instruments, a large portion being invested in call money market. ii) Gilt funds ST- They invest 100% of their portfolio in government securities of and T-bills. iii) Floating rate funds - Invest in short-term debt papers. Floaters invest in debt instruments which have variable coupon rate. iv) Arbitrage fund- They generate income through arbitrage opportunities due to mis-pricing between cash market and derivatives market. Funds are allocated to equities, derivatives and money markets. Higher proportion (around 75%) is put in money markets, in the absence of arbitrage opportunities. v) Gilt funds LT- They invest 100% of their portfolio in long-term government securities. vi) Income funds LT- Typically, such funds invest a major portion of the portfolio in long-term debt papers. vii) MIPs- Monthly Income Plans have an exposure of 70%-90% to debt and an exposure of 10%-30% to equities.
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viii) FMPs- fixed monthly plans invest in debt papers whose maturity is in line with that of the fund. INVESTMENT STRATEGIES 1. Systematic Investment Plan: under this a fixed sum is invested each month on a fixed date of a month. Payment is made through post dated cheques or direct debit facilities. The investor gets fewer units when the NAV is high and more units when the NAV is low. This is called as the benefit of Rupee Cost Averaging (RCA) 2. Systematic Transfer Plan: under this an investor invest in debt oriented fund and give instructions to transfer a fixed sum, at a fixed interval, to an equity scheme of the same mutual fund. 3. Systematic Withdrawal Plan: if someone wishes to withdraw from a mutual fund then he can withdraw a fixed amount each month.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This report is based on primary as well secondary data, however primary data collection was given more importance since it is overhearing factor in attitude studies. One of the most important users of research methodology is that it helps in identifying the problem, collecting, analyzing the required information data and providing an alternative solution to the problem .It also helps in collecting the vital information that is required by the top management to assist them for the better decision making both day to day decision and critical ones. Data sources: Research is totally based on primary data. Secondary data can be used only for the reference. Research has been done by primary data collection, and primary data has been collected by interacting with various people. The secondary data has been collected through various journals and websites.
Duration of Study: The study was carried out for a period of eight weeks, from 15th June 2011 to 10th August 2011. Sampling: Sampling procedure:
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Limitation of study
Possibility of error in data interpretation because data collected from different sources and different years of balance sheet which may cause to possibility of error.
Sample size is based on number of assumption for investment in Mutual Fund. The sample size may not adequately represent the whole market.
Time limitation.
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DATA ANALYSIS Why has it become one of the largest financial instruments?
If we take a look at the recent scenario in the Indian financial market then we can find the market flooded with a variety of investment options which includes mutual funds, equities, fixed income bonds, corporate debentures, company fixed deposits, bank deposits, PPF, life insurance, gold, real estate etc. all these investment options could be judged on the basis of various parameters such as- return, safety convenience, volatility and liquidity. measuring these investment options on the
Return
Safety
Volatility Liquidit y
Equity
High
Low
High
High
Bonds
Moderate
High
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate Low
Low
Moderate
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
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Life Insurance
Low
High
Low
Low
Moderate
Gold
Moderate
High
High
Moderate
High
Low
Low
High
High
Moderate High
High
We can very well see that mutual funds outperform every other investment option. On three parameters it scores high whereas its moderate at one. comparing it with the other options, we find that equities gives us high returns with high liquidity but its volatility too is high with low safety which doesnt makes it favourite among persons who have low risk- appetite. Even the convenience involved with investing in equities is just moderate. Now looking at bank deposits, it scores better than equities at all fronts but lags badly in the parameter of utmost important ie; it scores low on return , so its not an happening option for person who can afford to take risks for higher return. The other option offering high return is real estate but that even comes with high volatility and moderate safety level, even the liquidity and convenience involved are too low. Gold have always been a favourite among Indians but when we look at
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I) Mutual funds combine the advantage of each of the investment products: mutual fund is one such option which can invest in all other investment options. Its principle of diversification allows the investors to taste all the fruits in one plate. just by investing in it, the investor can enjoy the best investment option as per the investment objective.
II)dispense the shortcomings of the other options: every other investment option has more or les some shortcomings. Such as if some are good at return then they are not safe, if some are safe then either they have low liquidity or low safety or both.likewise, there exists no single option which can fit to the need of everybody. But mutual funds have definitely sorted out this problem. Now everybody can choose their fund according to their investment objectives.
III) Returns get adjusted for the market movements: as the mutual funds are managed by experts so they are ready to switch to the profitable option along with the market movement. Suppose they predict that market is going to fall then they
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IV) Flexibility of invested amount: Other then the above mentioned reasons, there exists one more reason which has established mutual funds as one of the largest financial intermediary and that is the flexibility that mutual funds offer regarding the investment amount. One can start investing in mutual funds with amount as low as Rs. 500 through SIPs and even Rs. 100 in some cases.
With the increasing number of mutual fund schemes, it becomes very difficult for an investor to choose the type of funds for investment. By using some of the portfolio analysis tools, he can become more equipped to make a well informed choice. There are many financial tools to analyze mutual funds. Each has their unique strengths and limitations as well. Therefore, one needs to use a combination of these tools to make a thorough analysis of the funds. The present market has become very volatile and buoyant, so it is getting difficult for the investors to take right investing decision. So the easiest available option for investors is to choose the best performing funds in terms of returns which have yielded maximum returns. But if we look deeply to it, we can find that the returns are important but it is also important to look at the quality of the returns. Quality determines how much risk a fund is taking to generate those returns. One can make a judgment on the
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Standard deviation: in simple terms standard deviation is one of the commonly used statistical parameter to measure risk, which determines the volatility of a fund. Deviation is defined as any variation from a mean value (upward & downward). Since the markets are volatile, the returns fluctuate every day. High standard deviation of a fund implies high volatility and a low standard deviation implies low volatility.
Beta analysis: Beta is used to measure the risk. It basically indicates the level of volatility associated with the fund as compared to the market. In case of funds, as compared to the market. In case of funds, beta would indicate the volatility against the benchmark index. It is used as a short term decision making tool. A beta that is greater than 1 means that the fund is more volatile than the benchmark index, while a beta of less than 1 means that the fund is more volatile than the benchmark index. A fund with a beta very close to 1 means the funds performance closely matches the index or benchmark. The success of beta is heavily dependent on the correlation between correlation between a fund and its benchmark. Thus, if the funds portfolio doesnt have a relevant benchmark index then a beta wo1\2Q2QQuld be grossly inappropriate.
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R-Squared (R2): R squared is the square of R (i.e.; coefficient of correlation). It describes the level of association between the funs market volatility and market risk. The value of R- squared ranges from0 to1. A high R- squared (more than 0.80) indicates that beta can be used as a reliable measure to analyze the performance of a fund. Beta should be ignored when the r-squared is low as it indicates that the fund performance is affected by factors other than the markets.
How do investors choose between funds? When the market is flooded with mutual funds, its a very tough job for the investors to choose the best fund for them. Whenever an investor thinks of investing in mutual funds, he must look at the investment objective of the fund. Then the investors sort out the funds whose investment objective matches with that of the investors. Now the tough task for investors start, they may carry on the further process themselves or can go for advisors like SBI, HDFC . Of course the investors can save their money by going the direct route i.e. through the AMCs
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The investors going for Systematic Investment Plans (SIP) and Systematic Transfer Plans(STP) may enjoy the benefits of RCA (Rupee Cost Averaging). Rupee cost averaging allows an investor to bring down the average cost of buying a scheme by making a fixed investment periodically, like Rs 5,000 a month and nowadays even as low as Rs. 500 or Rs. 100. In this case, the investor is always at a profit, even if the market falls. In case if the NAV of fund falls, the investors can get more number of units and vice-versa. This results in the average cost per unit for the investor being lower than the average price per unit over time.
The investor needs to decide on the investment amount and the frequency. More frequent the investment interval, greater the chances of benefiting from lower prices. Investors can also benefit by increasing the SIP amount during market downturns, which will result in reducing the average cost and enhancing returns. Whereas STP allows investors who have lump sums to park the funds in a low-risk fund like liquid funds and make periodic transfers to another fund to take advantage of rupee cost averaging.
2. Rebalancing:
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Rebalancing involves booking profit in the fund class that has gone up and investing in the asset class that is down. Trigger and switching are tools that can be used to rebalance a portfolio. Trigger facilities allow automatic redemption or switch if a specified event occurs. The trigger could be the value of the investment, The net asset value of the scheme, level of capital appreciation, level of the market indices or even a date. The funds redeemed can be switched to other specified schemes within the same fund house. Some fund houses allow such switches without charging an entry load. To use the trigger and switch facility, the investor needs to specify the event, the amount or the number of units to be redeemed and the scheme into which the switch has to be made. This ensures that the investor books some profits and maintains the asset allocation in the portfolio.
3. Diversification:
Diversification involves investing the amount into different options. In case of mutual funds, the investor may enjoy it afterwards also through dividend transfer option. Under this, the dividend is reinvested not into the same scheme but into another scheme of the investor's choice. For example, the dividends from debt funds may be transferred to equity schemes. This gives the investor a small exposure to a new asset class without risk to the principal amount. Such transfers may be done with or without entry loads, depending on the MF's policy.
4. Tax efficiency:
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Tax factor acts as the x-factor for mutual funds. Tax efficiency affects the final decision of any investor before investing. The investors gain through either dividends or capital appreciation but if they havent considered the tax factor then they may end loosing. Debt funds have to pay a dividend distribution tax of 12.50 per cent (plus surcharge and education cess) on dividends paid out. Investors who need a regular stream of income have to choose between the dividend option and a systematic withdrawal plan that allows them to redeem units periodically. SWP implies capital gains for the investor. If it is short-term, then the SWP is suitable only for investors in the 10-per-cent-tax bracket. Investors in higher tax brackets will end up paying a higher rate as shortterm capital gains and should choose the dividend option.
If the capital gain is long-term (where the investment has been held for more than one year), the growth option is more tax efficient for all investors. This is because investors can redeem units using the SWP where they will have to pay 10 per cent as long-term capital gains tax against the 12.50 per cent DDT paid by the MF on dividends. All the tools discussed over here are used by all the advisors and have helped investors in reducing risk, simplicity and affordability. Even then an investor needs to examine costs, tax implications and minimum applicable investment amounts before committing to a service.
What are the most lucrative sectors for mutual fund managers?
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Sector name
Automotive
255
banking & financial 196 services cement construction consumer durables conglomerates Chemicals consumer
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& 237
51 218 259
non 146
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From the above data collected we can say that engineering & capital goods sector has emerged as the hottest as most of the funds are betting on it. We can say that this sector is on boom and presents a bright picture. Other than it other sectors on height are oil & gas, telecom, metals & mining and information technology. Sectors performing average are automotive, cement & construction, chemicals, media & entertainment, manufacturing, miscellaneous, pharmaceuticals and utility. The sectors which are not so favourite are banking & financial services, conglomerates, consumer non- durables, food & beverages, services and tobacco.
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Thus this analysis not only gives a picture of the mindset of fund managers rather it also reflects the liquidity existing in each of the sectors. It is not only useful for investors of mutual funds rather the investors of equity and debt too could take a hint from it. Asset allocation by fund managers are based on several researches carried on so, it is always advisable for other investors too take a look on it. It can be further presented in the form of a graph as follow:
350 300 250 Axis Title 200 150 100 50 0 conglomerates chemicals metals& mining services automotive
pharmaceuticals
information technology
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consumer durables
manufacturing
miscellaneous
telecom
tobacco
utility
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In the above tableR2 is less than 0.80 in case 1, implies that it would be wrong to mention that the fund is aggressive on account of high beta. In case 2, the rsquared is more than 0.85 and beta value is 0.9. it means that this fund is less aggressive than the market. Sharpe ratio: sharpe ratio is a risk to reward ratio, which helps in comparing the returns given by a fund with the risk that the fund has taken. A fund with a higher sharpe ratio means that these returns have been generated taking lesser risk. In other words, the fund is less volatile and yet generating good returns. Thus, given similar returns, the fund with a higher sharpe ratio offers a better avenue for investing. The ratio is calculated as:
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Portfolio turnover ratio: Portfolio turnover is a measure of a fund's trading activity and is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales (excluding securities with maturities of less than one year) by the average monthly net assets of the fund. Turnover is simply a measure of the percentage of portfolio value that has been transacted, not an indication of the percentage of a fund's holdings that have been changed. Portfolio turnover is the purchase and sale of securities in a fund's portfolio. A ratio of 100%, then, means the fund has bought and sold all its positions within the last year. Turnover is important when investing in any mutual fund, since the amount of turnover affects the fees and costs within the mutual fund.
Total expenses ratio: A measure of the total costs associated with managing and operating an investment fund such as a mutual fund. These costs consist primarily of management fees and additional expenses such as trading fees, legal fees, auditor fees and other operational expenses. The total cost of the fund is divided by the fund's total assets to arrive at a percentage amount, which represents the TER: Total expense ratio = (Total fund Costs/ Total fund Assets)
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Performance report and portfolio analysis of magnum equity fund and magnum multiplier plus against their benchmark BSE100:
1M 9.02%
3M -7.71%
6M 15.18%
1Y
3Y
5Y
5.57%
11.26% 18.00%
11.74% -2.56%
Now in the above table, we have two funds from SBI ie; magnum equity fund and magnum multiplier plus following the same benchmark i.e; BSE 100. In this case, we have compared their returns during various time periods. We have their returns
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But the ultimate surprise comes when we look at the datas of last 6 months. Here not only the fund mangers failed to beat or match the market. Rather they also performed as laggards, giving negative returns. When the bse 100 gave returns of 11.47%, these funds were trailing by 29.47% and 26.65% which is a huge figure. In th last 3 months too, both the funds were behind bse100 but all the three gave negative returns and the difference between them and benchmark was narrowed down. Again, during last 1 month return of all three got positive but the funds always remained behind the benchmark. The bse 100 outscored multiplier plus and equity fund by 6.17% and 2.72% respectively. Similarly, the YTD return of all 3 is negative even then the benchmark is at a better position than the funds. From the following analysis we can infer that inspite of all the steps taken; it is not always possible for the fund managers to always beat the market. Also, the past performance just tells the background and history of the fund, by looking at it we cannot interpret that the fund will perform in the same way in the future too.
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Quantitative data: Ratios Magnum equity fund Magnum plus Standard deviation Beta r-squared Sharpe ratio Portfolio turnover Total expense ratio 1.46% 31% 2.5% 26.00% 0.96% 26.90% 0.95% 0.84% 1.42% 25% 2.5% multiplier
Analysis: We can see that the standard deviation of both the funds are more or less same even then the S.D of multiplier plus is greater than that of equity fund by 0.90%. Generally higher the SD higher is the risk and vice-versa. Therefore, magnum multiplier plus is riskier than magnum equity fund. The beta of magnum equity fund is higher than that of magnum multiplier plus. Therefore, equity fund is more volatile than multiplier plus. But beta of both the funds is smaller than 1 that means both the funds are less volatile than the market index. As r- squared values are more than 0.80 in both the cases, we can rely on the usage of beta for the analysis of these funds. A look at the Sharpe ratio indicates that magnum equity has outperformed multiplier plus. A higher Sharpe ratio of equity fund depicts that these return have been generated taking lesser risk than the multiplier plus. It Is less volatile than the other.
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DATA
Long term investments, nontrade, unquoted (at cost): -In equity shares of associate companies -In preference shares Current investments , non 386853698 2000000000
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Interpretation: Income earned by IBSFL , out of Rs.16350404283 Profit, mutual fund contribute by Dividend income on units of mutual funds and on equity is Rs.216525008 , therefore 1.4% total income is earned through mutual fund investment in the market through IN House analysis team which is low risk investment. Reason for investment in Mutual Fund Reason Liquidity Moderate Risk To maintain the Cash
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No. of time 30 10 60
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No. of time
30
60
10
Interpretation: Indiabulls have policy to invest some money in mutual fund because of the following reason some are as follows: Liquidity : Mutual fund investment have high degree of liquidity as compared to other investments if made. To maintain the cash balance : indiabulls have to maintain the cash balance as may be required as per daily basis. And excess is transferred for investment in mutual funds. Moderate Risk: Top performing mutual fund gives better returns then the bank interest rate . If invested wisely in mutual fund that gives good return as compared to moderate risk .
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Out of 100 times invested in mutual funds, 30 times money invested in mutual fund for the basis of liquidity, 60 times to maintain the cash budget. Indiabulls invested in different Assets Management Co. (AMC) Name of AMC SBIMF UTI HDFC Reliance ICICI Prudential Kotak Others No. of units 550000 750000 300000 750000 560000 450000 700000
(Note: No. of units are approx and Name of AMC are on the basis of assumption, as company has policy not to disclose the data to outsiders)
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Others HDFC Name of AMC Kotak SBIMF ICICI Reliance UTI 0 20 40 No. of units figures in lakhs 60 3.0 4.5 5.5 5.6
7.0
7.5 7.5 80
Interpretation: In Indiabulls most of the time mutual funds they preferred UTI and Reliance Mutual Fund. UTI and Reliance Mutual fund is performing well in the market and having better return from others plans Preferred through Systematic Investment Plan. Preferred Portfolios Portfolio Equity Debt Balanced Percentage 30% 25% 45%
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Percentage
30% 45%
25%
Interpretation: From the above graph 30% preferred Equity Portfolio, 45% preferred Balance and 25% preferred Debt portfolio Preference of Indiabulls whether to invest in Sectoral Funds Response Yes No No. of time 25 75
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25%
75%
Yes
No
Interpretation: Out of 100 times, 75% times indiabulls do not prefer to invest in Sectoral Fund because there is maximum risk and 25% prefer to invest in Sectoral Fund. Because it contains the industry specific risk and increases the overall investment risk. Generally indiabulls avoid for sectoral fund unless and until there is no proper conformation about the news for investment.
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CONCLUSION
Investing in mutual fund is good investing plan and good use of mobilization of resources as a risk associated with the investment is low and it is a good option to keep liquid asset like in mutual fund because at the time in demand of liquid cash liquid asset i.e. mutual
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Before making any investment Financial Advisors should first enquire about the risk tolerance of the investors/customers, their need and time (how long they want to invest). By considering these three things they can take the customers into consideration. Younger people aged under 35 will be a key new customer group into the future, so making greater efforts with younger customers who show some interest in investing should pay off. Customers with graduate level education are easier to sell to and there is a large untapped market there. To succeed however, advisors must provide sound advice and high quality. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) is one the innovative products launched by Assets Management companies very recently in the industry. SIP is easy for monthly salaried person as it provides the facility of do the investment in EMI. Though most of the prospects and potential investors are not aware about the SIP. There is a large scope for the companies to tap the salaried persons.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
NEWS PAPERS OUTLOOK MONEY TELEVISION CHANNEL (CNBC AAWAJ) MUTUAL FUND HAND BOOK FACT SHEET AND STATEMENT WWW.MONEYCONTROL.COM WWW.AMFIINDIA.COM WWW.ONLINERESEARCHONLINE.COM WWW. MUTUALFUNDSINDIA.COM
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