P3- ANATOMIC LANDMARKS BASAL SEAT (where the denture base/supporting structure is seated) Bone o Spongy or cancellous (crest

t of lower ridge) o Compact bone- max. residual ridge/buccal shelves) Mucosa o Masticatory (ridge, crest, hard palate) (keratinized, can withstand forces) o Lining (sulcus region) (nonkeratnized) o Specialized (tongue) MAXILLARY LANDMARKS (Supporting/Denture Bearing Structures) A. Residual Ridge B. Rugae C. Hard palate D. Maxillary tuberosity (Limiting Structures) A. Labial vestibule B. Buccal vestibule C. Hamular notch D. Fovea palatine E. Vibrating line (Relief Structures) A. Incisive papilla B. Median palatine raphae C. Labial frenum D. Buccal frenum E. Pterygomandibular raphae

MANDIBULAR LANDMARKS (Supporting Structures) A. Residual ridge B. Buccal shelf Boundaries: Anteriorly- buccal frenum Posteriorly- retromolar pad Laterally- external oblique ridge Medially- Crest of the residual ridge (Limiting Structures) A. Labial vestibule B. Buccal vestibule C. Retromolar pad D. Alveolingual sulcus E. Retromylohyoid space (Relief Structures) A. Labial frenum B. Buccal frenum C. Crest of the residual ridgeif sharp D. Mental foramen area if ridge is flat

Definition of terms: Maxillary Ridge Primary stress bearing area Has compact bone Fibrous connective tissue that is firmly attached Rugae Secondary stress bearing area Should be recorded without pressure For stability, support

Hard palate Anterolateral (fatty zone) o Secondary stress bearing area Posterolateral (glandular zone) o Secondary retentive area

Incisive Papilla Relief area to prevent pressure on the nasopalatine nerves and vessels Can cause paraesthesia , pain, burning sensations and other vague complaints Median Palatine Raphae Relief area due to very thin and non resilent mucosa Causing soreness or severe pain Can act as fulcrum point leading to rocking of the denture Zygomatic Process (Malar Process) Relieved when prominent to prevent soreness st Located on the 1 molar region Maxillary Tuberosity Teeth are not set on the tuberosity region Covered by impression Labial Frenum Relief area if not can lead to irritation Can affect denture seal and retention if close to the ridge Buccal Frenum Maybe single or double, broad or fan shape Relief area Labial Vestibule Provide valve seal Affects appearance if not properly supported Elastic so easily underextended or overextended Buccal Vestibule Provide peripheral seal Width affected by masseter muscle and coronoid process Coronoid Process Affects the maxillary buccal flange as the mandible moves forward, side to side or open wide Masseter Muscle Reduced mandibular buccal vestibule space under heavy biting pressure Pterygomaxillary Notch Marks the posterior limit of the denture Additional pressure can be placed to produce a seal (posterior palatal seal) Pterygomandibular Raphae Extend from the hamulus to the distolingual of the retromolar pad Recorded when mouth is open wide

Fovea Palatina Formed by the joining together of several mucous gland ducts Serves as a guide for the location of the position of the border of the denture (2mm anterior) Posterior Palatal Seal Area Area between the anterior and posterior vibrating line Shape of a cupids bow Additional pressure placed in this area to effect seal Posterior vibrating line marks the posterior limit of the denture Lower Residual Ridge Crest (secondary relief area, made up of cancellous bone) Slope (secondary stress bearing area, has thin plate of cortical bone) Buccal Shelf Area Primary stress area with dense smooth cortical bone Mylohyoid Ridge Where mylohyoid muscle is attached (muscle of the floor of the tongue) Affects the height of the lingual flange o Denture flange should extend below the ridge o If border rest above the ridge, causes displacement and soreness o Can cause irritation of thin and sharp Mental Foramen Relief area in extremely resorbed ridges Pressure can cause numbness of the lip External Oblique Ridge Buccal flange may extend up to or over it Masseter Groove Contraction of the masseter muscle pushes inward against the buccinators muscle and affects the distobuccal border of the lower border Retromolar Pad Forms the part of the valve seal area Retromylohyoid Curtain Limits the distolingual part of the denture flange This is pulled forward when tongue is thrust out Supported superiorly by the superior constrictor muscle and lingually by the anterior tonsillar pillar

Alveolingual Sulcus Anterior region o Shallowest Portion, from frenum to premylohyoid fossa Middle region o Slope toward the tongue o From premylohyoid fossa to distal end of mylohyoid ridge o Allows room for the action of the mylohyoid muscle o Flange height increased in these region Posteror region o Slopes away from the tongue and towards the ridge o From postmylohyoid to retromylohyoid curtain Lingual Frenum Attaches the tongue anteriorly Failure to relieve can cause soreness and dislodgement Genial Tubercle Prominent only in severe ridge resorption Relieve to avoid pain and soreness Denture border should not rest on it Sublingual Gland Region Sublingual gland comes close to the crest of the ridge when floor of the mouth is raised Affects height of the flange POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL (Post Dam) the seal along the posterior border of the maxillary denture Functions: Primary purpose is retention Serves as barrier and prevent food accumulation beneath the denture Mantains contact with the moving soft palate thus reducing gag reflex Compensate for curing shrinkage Reduces tongue irritation as posterior border merge better with palate Boundaries of the Post Dam Anteriorly Anterior vibrating line Shaped like cupids bow Located by valsalva maneuver or saying ah with a short vigorous burst Posteriorly Posterior vibrating line Located by saying ah in normal fashion Junction between the aponeurosis of the tensor veli palkatini muscle and muscular portion of the soft palate

Laterally Pterygomaxillary seal