http://ss64.com/bash/ An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux.

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c cal Display a calendar case Conditionally perform a command cat Concatenate and print (display) the content of files cd Change Directory cfdis Partition table manipulator for Linux chgrp Change group ownership chmod Change access permissions chown Change file owner and group chroot Run a command with a different root directory ch config System services (runlevel) c sum Print CRC chec sum and byte counts clear Clear terminal screen cmp Compare two files comm Compare two sorted files line by line command Run a command - ignoring shell functions continue Resume the next iteration of a loop cp Copy one or more files to another location cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces cut Divide a file into several parts d date Display or change the date & time dc Des Calculator dd Convert and copy a file, write dis headers, boot records ddrescue Data recovery tool declare Declare variables and give them attributes df Display free dis space diff Display the differences between two files diff3 Show differences among three files dig DNS loo up dir Briefly list directory contents dircolors Colour setup for `ls' dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path dirs Display list of remembered directories dmesg Print ernel & driver messages du Estimate file space usage e echo Display message on screen

basename bash bc bg brea builtin bzip2

Strip directory and suffix from filenames GNU Bourne-Again SHell Arbitrary precision calculator language Send to bac ground Exit from a loop Run a shell builtin Compress or decompress named file(s)

alias apropos apt-get aptitude aspell aw

Create an alias Search Help manual pages (man Search for and install software Search for and install software Spell Chec er Find and Replace text, database

) pac ages (Debian/Ubuntu) pac ages (Debian/Ubuntu)

egrep eject enable env ethtool eval exec exit expect expand export expr f false fdformat fdis fg fgrep file find fmt fold for format free fsc ftp function fuser g gaw getopts grep groupadd groupdel groupmod groups gzip h hash head help history hostname i iconv id if ifconfig ifdown ifup import install j jobs join

Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression Eject removable media Enable and disable builtin shell commands Environment variables Ethernet card settings Evaluate several commands/arguments Execute a command Exit the shell Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal Convert tabs to spaces Set an environment variable Evaluate expressions Do nothing, unsuccessfully Low-level format a floppy dis Partition table manipulator for Linux Send job to foreground Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string Determine file type Search for files that meet a desired criteria Reformat paragraph text Wrap text to fit a specified width. Expand words, and execute commands Format dis s or tapes Display memory usage File system consistency chec and repair File Transfer Protocol Define Function Macros Identify/ ill the process that is accessing a file Find and Replace text within file(s) Parse positional parameters Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern Add a user security group Delete a group Modify a group Print group names a user is in Compress or decompress named file(s) Remember the full pathname of a name argument Output the first part of file(s) Display help for a built-in command Command History Print or set system name Convert the character set of a file Print user and group id's Conditionally perform a command Configure a networ interface Stop a networ interface Start a networ interface up Capture an X server screen and save the image to file Copy files and set attributes List active jobs Join lines on a common field

ill Stop a process from running illall Kill processes by name

m ma e man m dir m fifo m isofs m nod more mount mtools mtr mv mmv n netstat Networ ing information nice Set the priority of a command or job nl Number lines and write files nohup Run a command immune to hangups notify-send Send des top notifications nsloo up Query Internet name servers interactively o open op p passwd paste pathch ping p ill popd pr printcap printenv printf ps pushd pwd q Open a file in its default application Operator access Modify a user password Merge lines of files Chec file name portability Test a networ connection Stop processes from running Restore the previous value of the current directory Prepare files for printing Printer capability database Print environment variables Format and print data Process status Save and then change the current directory Print Wor ing Directory Recompile a group of programs Help manual Create new folder(s) Ma e FIFOs (named pipes) Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem Ma e bloc or character special files Display output one screen at a time Mount a file system Manipulate MS-DOS files Networ diagnostics (traceroute/ping) Move or rename files or directories Mass Move and rename (files)

quota Display dis usage and limits quotachec Scan a file system for dis usage quotactl Set dis quotas r ram rcp ram dis device Copy files between two machines

less let ln local locate logname logout loo lpc lpr lprint lprintd lprintq lprm ls lsof

Display output one screen at a time Perform arithmetic on shell variables Ma e lin s between files Create variables Find files Print current login name Exit a login shell Display lines beginning with a given string Line printer control program Off line print Print a file Abort a print job List the print queue Remove jobs from the print queue List information about file(s) List open files

read Read a line from standard input readarray Read from stdin into an array variable readonly Mar variables/functions as readonly reboot Reboot the system rename Rename files renice Alter priority of running processes remsync Synchronize remote files via email return Exit a shell function rev Reverse lines of a file rm Remove files rmdir Remove folder(s) rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) s screen scp sdiff sed select seq set sftp shift shopt shutdown sleep slocate sort source split ssh strace su sudo sum suspend symlin sync t Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh Secure copy (remote file copy) Merge two files interactively Stream Editor Accept eyboard input Print numeric sequences Manipulate shell variables and functions Secure File Transfer Program Shift positional parameters Shell Options Shutdown or restart linux Delay for a specified time Find files Sort text files Run commands from a file `.' Split a file into fixed-size pieces Secure Shell client (remote login program) Trace system calls and signals Substitute user identity Execute a command as another user Print a chec sum for a file Suspend execution of this shell Ma e a new name for a file Synchronize data on dis with memory

tail Output the last part of file tar Tape ARchiver tee Redirect output to multiple files test Evaluate a conditional expression time Measure Program running time times User and system times touch Change file timestamps top List processes running on the system traceroute Trace Route to Host trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne) tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters true Do nothing, successfully tsort Topological sort tty Print filename of terminal on stdin type Describe a command u

ulimit umas umount unalias uname unexpand

Limit user resources Users file creation mas Unmount a device Remove an alias Print system information Convert spaces to tabs

v v vdir vi vmstat w wait watch wc whereis which while who whoami wget write x xargs xdg-open yes . !! ### Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s) Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application. Print a string until interrupted Run a command script in the current shell Run the last command again Comment / Remar are bash built-ins, these are available under all shells. Wait for a process to complete Execute/display a program periodically Print byte, word, and line counts Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program Search the user's $path for a program file Execute commands Print all usernames currently logged in Print the current user id and name (`id -un') Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP Send a message to another user Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b') Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b') Text Editor Report virtual memory statistics

Commands mar ed

More Lin s Available At This Site, boo s etc

uniq units unset unshar until uptime useradd userdel usermod users uuencode uudecode

Uniquify files Convert units from one scale to another Remove variable or function names Unpac shell archive scripts Execute commands (until error) Show uptime Create new user account Delete a user account Modify user account List users currently logged in Encode a binary file Decode a file created by uuencode