Name

Lesson 3 Summary
Use with pp. 400407

Lesson 3: What are compounds and mixtures?

Vocabulary
compound a substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined to form a new substance mixture a combination of substances in which the atoms of the substances are not chemically combined solution a substance that is formed when one substance dissolves in another solute a substance that is dissolved solvent the substance in which a solute is dissolved concentration the measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent solubility the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a particular temperature

Atoms Together
A compound is a substance that is made up of two ore more elements that are chemically combined to a form a new substance with different properties. Water is a compound. It is made of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. Water is made up of molecules. Each molecule contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. This 2:1 ratio cannot be changed. It is a fixed ratio. The properties of a compound are different from the properties of the individual elements that form it. Scientists use symbols for compounds, just as they use symbols for elements. The symbol for hydrogen is H, the symbol for oxygen is O. The symbol for the compound they formwateris H20. The small 2 tells us that a water molecule contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

Substances in a mixture retain their own properties. If you put vegetables into a salad, you can later separate them. Since the atoms in a mixture are not chemically joined together, the parts of mixtures can be easily separated from one another.

Solutions
A solution is a mixture in which one substance dissolves in another. Saltwater is one example of a solution. A solution has two parts. The solute is the substance that is dissolved. The solvent is the substance in which the solvent is dissolved. In saltwater, salt is the solute and water is the solvent. Solutions can be liquids, solids or gases. The measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent is concentration. A solutions concentration will often depend on its solubility. Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a particular temperature.

Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of substances in which the atoms of the substance are combined, but not chemically joined together.
90

Chapter 14, Lesson 3 Summary

Quick Study

Pearson Education, Inc. 6

Name

Lesson 3 Checkpoint
Use with pp. 400407

Lesson 3 Checkpoint
1. The chemical formula for glucose, a type of sugar, is C6H12O6. Is glucose an element or a compound? How do you know?

2. How many atoms of hydrogen are in a particle of glucose?

3.

Compare and Contrast How do the elements sodium and chlorine differ from the table salt they form? How are they alike?

4. What techniques can be used to separate a mixture?

5. Give an example of a solution and identify the two components.

6.

Compare and Contrast What are the similarities and differences in solutions and compounds?

7. Explain what you can tell about a compound with the formula C6H12O6.
Pearson Education, Inc. 6

8. What is a saturated solution? Use the terms solute, solvent, and dissolve in your answer.

Quick Study

Chapter 14, Lesson 3 Checkpoint

91