CHEMISTRY NOTES physical changes: form changes but not identity,, example, ice---->water so arrngement of particles may change

but not the mass or number of atoms or mol ecules change there are also only small energy changes which are easily reversed chemical change when one or more substances change into new materials with diffe rent properties and there are large energy changesto break/form new bonds 2 kinds of reactions in chemical changes decomposition ab--->a+b synthesis a+b--->ab the mass and number of atoms is conserved but the mass of molecules isnt always the same on energy, energy released>energy absorbed = exothermic energy relesed<energy absorbed=endothermic ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________ Reactions in aqueous solutions -precipitation acid-base redox reactions ions in aqueous solutions waer is structed in a way so sunstances can easily dissolve in it.. sunstances that dissolve aare ionic, when they dissolve they form ionic solution water--->polar molecule--->positive and negative charge so this polar naure allows ionic compounds to dissolve in it na,cl ions are weakened , so the water is able to work its way between them, sur rounding them and dissolving it inside process is called dissociation ... Disossiation, process in whih ionic compounds seperate or split into smaller mol ecules or ions,, and usually in a reversible manner ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________ Ions and water hardness water hardness, measure of mineral content in water

how to check whether water is hard or soft if washing ur hands and foam starts right away,its soft if not then its hard same with toothpast ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________ Electrolytes,ionisation,and conductivitey 1.conductivitey, measure of solubilitys ability to conduct an electric current 2.electrolyte, substane that hs free ions and so, conducts electrity. def.2. material which increases this conuctivitey of water when dissolved in it electrolytes : 1.strong: ionises completeley waeak:not all molecules dissolve into ions non electrolyte:doesnt increase conductivitey when dissolved in water, the subst ance is separated BUT not dissolved no chemical bonds ae broke. so this is a physicl change what affects the conductiviey of water?1.type of substance, substance concentrat ed with ions dissolving in water 2.concentration of ions , in the solution. 3.temprature, the warmer it is the more solubility, so material being dissolved = higher conductiviey. ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________ Stoichiometry Elements, the building blocks of substances, each element has a unique symbol. e x,silver=Ag Compounds: something of 2 or more elements ex, magnesium oxide, MgO