Code No: RR222102 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Show that work is a path function and not a state function.
(b) Justify the statement that work and heat are not properties. [8+8]

2. (a) Two kg of air expands polytropically (n=1.25) from a pressure of 15 bar and
temperature of 300o C to a pressure of 1.5 bar, then heated at constant pressure
to initial volume. Find
i. Work done
ii. Change in enthalpy
iii. Heat transer.
(b) Show that the heat transfer in polytropic process γ−n
γ−1
times of work [8+8]

3. (a) What is absolute temperature scale? Develop this scale from Carnot theorem
(b) A reversible engine during a cycle of operation interacts with three thermal
reservoirs maintained at 200K,300K and 400K. It receives 5 MJ of heat from
the reservoir at 400K and produces a net positive work of 840 kJ. Find the
amount and direction of heat interaction with other reservoirs. [8+8]

4. (a) Derive expression for the Gibbs Function of a mixture of inert ideal gases.
(b) Show that on a Mollier diagram (h-s diagram) the slope of a constant pressure
line increases with temperature in the superheat region. [8+8]

5. Steam at a pressure of 6.8M N/m2 and at a temperature of 3750 C is isentropically

expanded to a pressure of 1.0M N/m2 . It is then reheated at constant pressure it
has a temperature of 3000 C. It is further isentropically expanded to a pressure of
0.14M N/m2 . Using steam table, determine

(a) the condition of steam after both isentropic expansion,

(b) the heat transfer per kg of steam to carry out the constant pressure process.
Sketch the processes on T-s and h-s diagram. [16]

6. Air has a dry bulb temperature of 270 C and a wet bulb temperature of 200 C . If
the barometer reads 1 bar, Calculate

(a) the humidity ratio

(b) the relative humidity
(c) the dew point
(d) the enthalpy of mixture per kg of dry air. [16]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 1
7. (a) Explain the Atkinson cycle with the help q P-V and T-S diagrams.
(b) An engine working on Atkinson cycle takes air at 1 bar and 250 c. The air is
compressed isoentropically by a compression ratio 6:1. The heat is added at
constant Volume resulting the find pressure to be 20 bars. Then the air is
expanded to a pressure of 1 bar calculate
i. pressure and temperature at various points on the cycle.
ii. Work done per Kg of air.
iii. Cycle efficiency. [6+10]

8. (a) How does the increase in condenser temperature affect C.O.P. Also explain the
influence of evaporator temperature on C.O.P. Which of the two temperatures
have more influence on C.O.P?
(b) Explain the actual vapour compression system on P-H chart clearly showing
the typical variation from theoretical systems. [8+8]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What do you mean by the system? Discuss types of systems with one example
each.
(b) What is the difference between heat and energy.
(c) Explain what do you mean by thermodynamic equilibrium. [8+4+4]

2. Write down SFEE and assumptions you make for the following cases.

(a) Boiler
(b) Compressor
(c) Nozzle
(d) Turbine. [4x4=16]

3. (a) A Carnot refrigerator gives a C.O.P =5 when it extracts 8350 kJ/min from
a heat source. Find out the heat rejected to the surroundings and the power
required to run the compressor.
(b) One kg of ice at −50 C is exposed to the atmosphere which, is at 250 C. the ice
melts and comes into thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere. Determine
the entropy increase of the universe. Cp for ice is 2.039 kJ/kg K and the
enthalpy of fusion of ice is 333.3 kJ/kg. [8+8]

4. (a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations.

(b) Derive the equation

(∂V /∂T )s 1
=
(∂V /∂T )p γ−1
[8+8]

5. A mass of air is initially at 2600 C and 7 bar, and occupies 0.028m3 . The air is
expanded at constant pressure to 0.084m3 . A polytropic process with n=1.5 is
then carried out, followed by a constant temperature process which completes a
cycle. All the processes are reversible.

(a) Sketch the cycle in a p-v & T-s planes,

(b) find the heat received and the heat rejected in the cycle, and
(c) find the efficiency of the cycle. [16]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 2
6. (a) A gas mixture consists of 60% N2 and 40% CO2 by mole basis. Determine the
gravimetric analysis of the mixture analysis of the mixture.
(b) A tank of volume 2m3 containing O2 at 600Kpa and 300K is connected to
another tank of volume 3m containing CO2 at 150kPa and 290K .The gases
mix adiabatic ally and come to an equilibrium state. Determine the final tem-
perature and pressure of the mixture and the entropy change for the system.
[8+8]

7. (a) Represent the Otto cycle by P-V and T-S diagram and describe the different
processes with the help of above diagrams.
(b) In an Otto cycle, the pressure limits are 100 kN/m2 and 2000 kN/m2 . The
compression ratio is 4. Calculate
i. The thermal efficiency
ii. Mean effective pressure. [8+8]

8. A R-12 simple saturation cycle operates at temperature of 350 C and -150 C for the
condenser and evaporator respectively. Determine the C.O.P. and power/ton of
refrigeration of the system using

(a) Refrigeration charts .

(b) R-12 tables. Compare the result. [16]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. The readings tA and tB of two centigrade thermometers A and B, agree at the ice
point (0o C) and the steam point (100o C), but elsewhere are related by the equation
tA = l + m tB + n tB 2 where l, m and n are constants. When both the thermometers
are immersed in a well stirred oil bath, A registers 510 C while B registers 50o C.

(a) Determine the reading on B when A reads 25o C and

(b) Discuss which thermometer is correct. [16]

2. One kg of fluid enters a nozzle with a velocity of 300m/min and enthalpy of 2990
kJ/kg. The enthalpy of the fluid at exit is 2760 kJ/kg. The nozzle is placed
horizontally and neglects the heat loss from the nozzle. Determine

(a) The velocity of the fluid at the exit

(b) The mass flow rate, if the inlet area of the nozzle is 0.095m2 and the specific
volume at inlet is 0.19m3 /kg.
(c) The exit area of the nozzle if the specific volume at exit is 0.5m3 /kg. [16]

3. (a) What is absolute temperature scale? Develop this scale from Carnot theorem
(b) A reversible engine during a cycle of operation interacts with three thermal
reservoirs maintained at 200K,300K and 400K. It receives 5 MJ of heat from
the reservoir at 400K and produces a net positive work of 840 kJ. Find the
amount and direction of heat interaction with other reservoirs. [8+8]

4. (a) Deduce an expression for the non-flow availability for a system.

(b) A 2-kg piece of iron is heated from room temperature of 25o C to 400o C by a
heat source at 600o C. What is the irreversibility in the process? Assume for
iron Cp =0.450kJ/kgK. [6+10]

5. (a) Derive Clausius-Clayperon equation and explain its significance.

(b) Find the value of co-efficient of volume expansion β and isothermal compress-
ibility k for a Vander Waal’s gas obeying
(p + a/v 2 ) (v-b) = RT [8+8]

6. (a) Define
i. Mole fraction
ii. Mass fraction

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 3
(b) The volumetric analysis of a dry flue gas in a boiler trial is given in Percentage
as 13% CO2 , 1.5% CO, 3.5% O2 and 82% N2 . Determine the percentage
gravimetric analysis. Also find the specific gas constant of the mixture.[6+10]

7. (a) Explain with the help of suitable graphs the variation of the efficiency of the
diesel cycle with compression ratio and cut-off ratio.
(b) In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15.Compression begins
at 0.1MPa, 400 c. the heat added is 1.675 MJ/Kg. Find
i. The maximum temperature of the cycle.
ii. The work down per Kg of air.
iii. The cycle efficiency.
iv. The temperature at the end of the isentropic expansion.
v. The cut-off ratio.
vi. The mean effective pressure of the cycle. [6+10]

8. (a) Sketch the Rankine cycle on P-V and T-S diagram and explain clearly different
process of the cycle. State in what respect it differs from carnot cycle working
between the same temperature limits.
(b) Dry and saturated steam at pressure 11 bar is supplied to a turbine and
expended isentropicelly to a pressure or 0.07 bar. Calculate the following.
i. Heat supplied
ii. Total change of entropy
iii. Heat rejected
iv. Theoretical thermal efficiency. [8+8]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the terms state, path, process and cyclic process.
(b) Discuss the macroscopic and microscopic point of view of thermodynamics.
[8+8]
2. Prove that the formula T b Va−b ekT = Constant for an adiabatic expansion of the
gas, if Cp = a + KT and Cv = b + KT, where a, b and K are constants and T in
degrees K. [16]
3. (a) What is absolute temperature scale? Develop this scale from Carnot theorem
(b) A reversible engine during a cycle of operation interacts with three thermal
reservoirs maintained at 200K,300K and 400K. It receives 5 MJ of heat from
the reservoir at 400K and produces a net positive work of 840 kJ. Find the
amount and direction of heat interaction with other reservoirs. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain third law of Thermodynamics.
(b) A tank holds 1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 400 C, and another tank holds 1 kg of air
at 200 kPa, 400 C. The atmosphere is at 100 kPa, 200 C. In which tank is the
stored energy is greater? Determine the availability of the air in each tank.
[6+10]
5. (a) What is p-v-T surface? Draw a portion of such a surface.
(b) Write a short note on Vander Waal’s equation.
(c) Determine the compressibility factor for O2 at
i. 100 bar and - 700 C
ii. 5 bar and 300 C [4+4+8]
6. A mixture of 25% Nitrogen and 75% Hydrogen by volume is compressed. Isentropi-
cally from 300 K and 100 kPa to 500 kPa in the first stage of multistage compressor
in a fertilizer plant. The compression to still higher pressure is acheived in sub-
sequent stages after the gas mixture is passed through the intercooler. Find the
temperature of the gas mixture after compression as well as the work required per
unit mass of the mixture. Also evaluate the entropy change for each gas. Assume
that the mixture behaves like an ideal gas. [16]
7. (a) Derive an expression for the efficiency of the ideal cycle for the diesel engine
in terms of the compression ratio, the cut off ratio and adiabatic index.
(b) In a car working on Otto cycle has initial pressure 1 bar and pressure after
compression 10 bar. Calculate

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 4
i. the compression ratio.
ii. The percentage clearance
iii. The thermal efficiency. [8+8]

8. A steam power plant has the range of operation from 40 bar dry saturated to 0.05
bar. Determine

(a) The cycle efficiency and

(b) work ratio and specific fuel consumption for
(c) car not cycle
(d) Rankine cycle. [16]

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