Code No: RR210201 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) How does vapour pressure affect fluid flow?

(b) Find the torque required to rotate a shaft of diameter 50 mm at 1400 rpm
concentrically with a sleeve 50.16 mm in diameter and 10 m long filled with
oil. Kinematic viscosity of oil is 0.94 × 10−4 m2 /s. Specific gravity of oil is
0.85. [8+8]

2. (a) Briefly explain the classification of flows.

(b) What type of acceleration is to be expected if
i. Streamlines are parallel and equidistant
ii. Streamlines are straight and converging
iii. Streamlines are curved but equispaced
iv. Streamlines are curved and converging. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the different forms of energy in a fluid.

(b) The cross-sectional area of a convergent pipe is so shaped that the velocity of
flow along the centre line varies linearly from 1 m/s to 10 m/s in a distance of
one metre. The pipe is inclined downward at an angle of 300 with horizontal.
Determine the difference in pressure between the two points, assuming the
specific weight of the liquid as 7.85kN/m3 . [8+8]

4. (a) What do you understand by ‘minor losses’ in pipes? Explain when these losses
can be neglected?
(b) The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.25m3 /s. The diameter
of the pipe which is 200 mm is suddenly enlarged to 400mm. The pressure
intensity in the smaller pipe is 11.772N/cm2 . Determine
i. Loss of head due to sudden enlargement
ii. Pressure intensity in the large pipe. [8+8]

5. (a) A pipe carries a flow of an oil of relative density 0.85. A pitot-static tube
is inserted into the pipe to measure the velocity at a point M. If differential
mercury ?oil gauge connected to the pitot-static tube indicates a reading of
4cm, calculate the velocity at M. Assume the coefficient of the pitot tube as
0.99.
(b) Describe with the help of sketch, the construction, operation and use of pitot-
static tube. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 1
6. A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving
with a velocity of 10m/s. The jet makes an angle of 200 with the direction of motion
of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 1300 to the direction of motion of vane at
outlet. Calculate

(a) Vane angles, so that the water enters and leaves the vane without shock.
(b) Work done per second per unit weight of water striking the vane per second.
[16]

7. (a) How is a Kaplan turbine different from a Propeller turbine

(b) What are the functions of draft tube in a Reaction turbine. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the characteristic curves of an axial flow pump and give its uses.
(b) The specific speed of an axial flow pump is 330 rpm. The impeller of the pump
is 1.25 m in diameter. The velocity of flow through the impeller is 4.6 m/s.
Find the discharge and speed of the pump to provide a head of 2.6 m. Also
find the vane angle at inlet at the exterior tip near the boss, Assume no whirl
at inlet. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define specific weight, viscosity, surface tension and vapour pressure and, men-
tion their SI units.
(b) Space between two parallel plates kept 3 mm part is filled with an oil of
viscosity 0.2N s/m2 . Find the shear stress at the lower plate when the upper
plate is moving with a velocity of 1.5 m/s. [8+8]

2. (a) Derive the continuity equation for one-dimensional flow.

(b) Distinguish between stream line, path line and streak line. [8+8]

3. (a) Name the different forces present in a fluid flow. For the Euler’s equation of
motion, which forces are taken into consideration.
(b) A pipe of diameter 30 cm carries water at a velocity of 20 m/sec. The pressures
at the points A and B are given as 34.335N/cm2 and 29.43N/cm2 respectively,
while the datum heads at A and B are 25 m and 28 m. Find the loss of head
between A and B. [8+8]

4. (a) List the Minor losses of energy in a pipe flow.

(b) A piping system consists of three pipes arranged in series; the lengths of the
pipes are 1200 m, 750 m and 600 m and diameters 750 mm, 600 mm and 450
mm respectively.
i. Transform the system to an equivalent 450mm diameter pipe and
ii. Determine an equivalent diameter for the pipe, 2550m long. [6+10]

5. (a) What is a Weir? How are the weirs classified? What is the difference between
a sharp crested and a broad crested weir?
(b) Find the depth and top width of a V -notch capable of discharging a maximum
of 0.7m3 /sec and such that the head shall be 75 mm for a discharge of 5.6
litres/sec. Its Cd is same as that of a similar (in material and sharpness of
edges only) right angled V -notch for which Q = 1.407H 2.5 . [8+8]

6. A jet of water, cross-sectional area 20cm2 ,issues with a velocity of 25m/s and
strikes a stationary plate held at 300 to the axis of jet.Find the force exerted by the
jet on the plate,and work out the components of force in the direction normal to
the jet.Also find how the discharge gets distributed after striking the plate. [16]

7. (a) What is Thoma’s Cavitation factor and what is its significance in water tur-
bines.

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 2
(b) An Impulse turbine at best speed produces 92 KW under a head of 63m. By
what percent should the speed be increased for a head of 87m? [8+8]

8. What is an indicator diagram of a reciprocating pump? Sketch the theoretical

indicator diagram for a single acting-reciprocating pump not fitted with an air
vessel. With the help of the diagram explain clearly the effect of acceleration and
friction on both suction and delivery strokes. [16]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) State the units and dimensions of the following :

i. Specific mass
ii. Dynamic viscosity
iii. Kinematic viscosity
iv. Surface Tension
(b) A circular disc of diameter d is slowly rotated in a liquid of large viscosity µ
at a small distance h from a fixed surface. Derive an expression for torque T
necessary to maintain an angular velocity ω. [8+8]

2. (a) Briefly explain the classification of flows.

(b) What type of acceleration is to be expected if
i. Streamlines are parallel and equidistant
ii. Streamlines are straight and converging
iii. Streamlines are curved but equispaced
iv. Streamlines are curved and converging. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the different forms of energy in a fluid.

(b) The cross-sectional area of a convergent pipe is so shaped that the velocity of
flow along the centre line varies linearly from 1 m/s to 10 m/s in a distance of
one metre. The pipe is inclined downward at an angle of 300 with horizontal.
Determine the difference in pressure between the two points, assuming the
specific weight of the liquid as 7.85kN/m3 . [8+8]

4. (a) Derive an expression to compute loss of head for sudden expansion

(b) Determine the wall shearing stress in a pipe of diameter 100mm which carries
water. The velocity at the pipe centre and 30mm, from the pipe centre are 2
m/s and 1.5 m/s respectively. The flow in pipe is assumed to be turbulent.
[8+8]

5. Find the discharge of water flowing through a pipe of diameter 0.30m placed in
an inclined position where a venturimeter is inserted, having a throat diameter
of 0.15m.The difference of pressure between the inlet and throat is measured by a
liquid of specific gravity 0.7 in an inverted U-tube manometer which gives a reading
of 0.25 m. Neglect the losses of head between inlet and throat sections. [16]

6. Derive equations for the force of impact of jet

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 3
(a) on a normal flat vane moving in the direction of jet
(b) On a series of normal flat vanes mounted on a wheel. The vane velocity is less
than jet velocity in both cases. [8+8]

7. An inward flow turbine (reaction turbine with radial discharge) with an overall
efficiency of 80% is required
√ to develop 150 kW. The head is 8 m; √
peripheral velocity
of the wheel is 0.96 2gH ; the radial velocity of the flow is 0.36 2gH . The wheel
is to make 150 rpm and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 22% of the available
energy. Determine:

(a) the angle of the guide blade at inlet,

(b) the wheel vane angle at inlet,
(c) the diameter of the wheel
(d) the width of the wheel at inlet. [16]

8. (a) Derive the equation for the power required to drive the double acting recipro-
cating pump.
(b) A single acting reciprocating pump runs at 60 RPM. The diameter of the
plunger is 0.15m and crank radius is 0.15m. The suction pipe is 0.1m in
diameter and 5m long. Calculate the maximum permissible value of suction
lift, if the separation takes place at 2.6m of water absolute. [8+8]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) How does vapour pressure affect fluid flow?

(b) Find the torque required to rotate a shaft of diameter 50 mm at 1400 rpm
concentrically with a sleeve 50.16 mm in diameter and 10 m long filled with
oil. Kinematic viscosity of oil is 0.94 × 10−4 m2 /s. Specific gravity of oil is
0.85. [8+8]

2. (a) Briefly explain the classification of flows.

(b) What type of acceleration is to be expected if
i. Streamlines are parallel and equidistant
ii. Streamlines are straight and converging
iii. Streamlines are curved but equispaced
iv. Streamlines are curved and converging. [8+8]

3. (a) State the assumptions made in the derivation of Bernoulli’s equation. State
the momentum equation and explain its significance.
(b) The water is flowing through a taper pipe of length 100cm having diameters
800mm at the upper end and 400mm at the lower end, @ the rate of 60 ×
10−3 m3 /s. The pipe has a slope of 1 in 30. Find the pressure at the lower end
if the pressure @ the higher level is 20N/m2 . [8+8]

4. (a) Explain pipes in series and parallel.

(b) A rough pipe is of diameter 8cm. The velocity at a point 3cm from wall is
30% more than the velocity at a point 1cm from pipe wall. Determine the
average height of the roughness. [8+8]

5. A rectangular tank with vertical sides is provided with an orifice in one of the sides.
In a certain time, the head over the orifice is lowered from 4.50m to 1.50m.Determine
the constant head at the orifice so that same amount of water is discharged through
the orifice in the same time. [16]

6. A square plate weighing 115N and of uniform thickness and 30 cm edge is hung so
that horizontal jet 2 cm diameter and having a velocity of 15 m/s impinges on the
plate. The center line of the jet is 15 cm below the upper edge of the plate, and
when the plate is vertical the jet strikes the plate normally and at its center. Find
what force must be applied at the lower edge of the plate in order to keep plate
vertical.If the plate is allowed to swing freely, find the inclination to vertical which
the plate will assume under the action of jet. [16]

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Code No: RR210201 Set No. 4
7. A turbine is to operate under a head of 250 m at 200 rpm, the available discharge
is 9 m3 /s. Assuming an efficiency of 90% determine:

(a) Specific speed

(b) Power generated
(c) Performance under a head of 20 m
(d) The type of turbine. [16]

8. (a) Derive an expression for the work done by a reciprocating pump

(b) Define the terms: Manometric efficiency, mechanical efficiency and overall
efficiency of a centrifugal pump. [8+8]

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