Code No: RR311202 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
COMMUNICATION THEORY
(Information Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define an impulse function. Give various methods of representing it.

(b) Discuss the response of a linear system. [8+8]

2. (a) Write the properties of cumulative distribution function

(b) Let X be a continuous random variable with probability density function
f (x) = (x+3)/48, -1 < x < 7
= 0, elsewhere
Find the probability density function of the random variable
Y= (x+3)/2
(c) Define: [2+8+6]
i. Auto correlation
ii. Power spectral density of a stationary random process.

3. (a) Explain the filter method of SSB generation and give its limitations.
(b) When a broadcast AM transmitter is 50% modulated, its antenna when the
modulation depth is increased to 0.9?
(c) Explain the advantages of suppressed carrier modulation our Normal AM.
[8+4+4]

4. (a) Explain the working of Foster-Seely discriminator for FM demodulation.

(b) Explain with the help of block diagram, the working of Armstrong method for
FM generation. [8+8]

5. (a) Define the terms: time division multiplexing and demultiflexing, synchroniza-
tion and explain their importance in digital signalling.
(b) What are the limitation of delta modulation and how they can be rectified in
ADM. [8+8]

6. (a) What is cross talk? Explain the reasons for cross talk in sampled signals and
suggest methods to minimize cross talk.
(b) Explain clearly ideal sampling and natural sampling and derive expression for
the spectrum of naturally sampled signal with pulse width z. [6+10]

7. (a) Show that the maximum noise entropy Hmax = B log (2π eN ) bits/sec for
band limited White Gaussian noise channel.

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 1
(b) Find the Entropy of a source, which is generating two messages with a proba-
bility P and (1-P). Derive the conditions for Hmax . Plot Hmax Vs probability
P. [8+8]

8. (a) With reference to coding techniques, define and explain the following terms:
i. systematic code
ii. parity check matrix
iii. syndrome .
(b) Classify the different types of error control coding techniques, and distinguish
between them. [8+8]

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
COMMUNICATION THEORY
(Information Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Use the duality theorem to show that

Asinc 2ωt ↔ (A/2ω)π(f/2ω)
(b) Use the differentiation theorem to obtain the Fourier transform of the trian-
gular signal
 defined as, [6+10]
|t|
λ(t/τ ) = 1 − , |t| < τ
τ
0 , otherwise

2. (a) Evaluate the auto correlation of the delta function by considering it as the
limiting form of a rectangular pulse of unit area
(b) Consider a signal g(t) defined by
g(t)=Ao +A1 cos(2πf1 t+θ) + A2 cos(2πf2 t+θ). Determine the autocorrelation
function Rg(τ ) of this signal. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the filter method of SSB generation and give its limitations.
(b) When a broadcast AM transmitter is 50% modulated, its antenna when the
modulation depth is increased to 0.9?
(c) Explain the advantages of suppressed carrier modulation our Normal AM.
[8+4+4]

4. (a) Explain the working of Foster-Seely discriminator for FM demodulation.

(b) Explain with the help of block diagram, the working of Armstrong method for
FM generation. [8+8]

5. (a) Give the block diagram of Adaptive delta Modulation and explain the proce-
dure for ADM generation?
(b) Discuss clearly the necessity for Linear predictor in DM and hence the im-
provements of it in case of ADM. [10+6]

6. (a) Distinguish clearly between natural sampling, flat top sampling and give the
schematic diagrams to generate them.
(b) A signal ν(t) = cos 2Π fo (t) + cos 4Π fo (t) + cos 6Π fo t is sampled with a
sampling frequency of 5 fo . Give the expression for sampled signal fs (t) and
obtain the output of an ideal low pass filter with cut off frequency 2fo . What
should be the sampling frequency, low pass filter cut off frequency to restore
the signal completely? [8+8]

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 2
7. (a) Define and explain the utility of the terms : Conditional Entropy and Mutual
Information. Hence establish their inter-relations, and the resulting equation
for channel capacity. List two properties of mutual information function.
(b) A discrete memoryless source X transmits two symbols A, B with probabilities
of 7/8, 1/8 respectively. Find the entropy of the source and the channel
capacity, using the simplest possible code. Also, calculate the coding efficiency
and code redundancy. [10+6]

8. (a) Write short notes on : Binary Symmetric Channels.

(b) What are the essential features of error control coding schemes? Give a com-
parison of error correcting and error detecting codes. [8+8]

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
COMMUNICATION THEORY
(Information Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Find the Fourier transform of sin ωo t and Compare with the transform of cos
ωo t. Plot and compare the power spectral densities of cos ωo t and sin ωo t.
(b) State and prove the conditions required for existence of Fourier transform of
a non-periodic signal. [8+8]

2. (a) What is meant by ‘coherence’and ‘non-coherence’ ? Give an example of non

coherent system.
(b) Define cross correlation. Obtain a relation between coherence and cross-
correlation of two signals. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the working of balanced modulator with the help of circuit diagram.
(b) An AM produces 10kw when the modulation percentage is 75. How much
of this is carrier power? What would be the percentage power saving if the
carrier and one of the sidebands were suppressed. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the working of Foster-Seely discriminator for FM demodulation.

(b) Explain with the help of block diagram, the working of Armstrong method for
FM generation. [8+8]

5. (a) Give the block diagram of DM and explain clearly the procedure for generation
and demodulation of delta modulated signals.
(b) What are the various types of errors occur in delta modulation? Explain how
they can be minimized. [10+6]

6. (a) Define nyquist rate of sampling and derive the expression for it.
(b) A bandpass signal has a center frequency fo and extends from (fo -5) KHz to
(fo +5) KHz. If the sampling rate 25 KHz, find the range of center frequency
for which the sampling satisfies nyquist rate. [8+8]

7. (a) Compare discrete and continuous channel with respect to information trans-
mission.
(b) In a facsimile transmission of picture, there are about 3 x 105 picture elements
per frame. For a good reproduction, 10 brightness levels are necessary. Assume
all these levels are equally likely to occur. Calculate the channel bandwidth
required to transmit 30 picture frames per second. Assume the signal to noise
ratio over channel to be 30 db (1000). [8+8]

8. (a) With reference to coding techniques, define and explain the following terms:

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 3
i. systematic code
ii. parity check matrix
iii. syndrome .
(b) Classify the different types of error control coding techniques, and distinguish
between them. [8+8]

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
COMMUNICATION THEORY
(Information Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Use the duality theorem to show that

Asinc 2ωt ↔ (A/2ω)π(f/2ω)
(b) Use the differentiation theorem to obtain the Fourier transform of the trian-
gular signal
 defined as, [6+10]
|t|
λ(t/τ ) = 1 − , |t| < τ
τ
0 , otherwise

2. (a) Write the properties of the distribution function of a random variable.

(b) A random variable X has a Variance σ 2 and a mean m. The random Variable
Y is related to X by Y = aX+b, Where a and b are contants, Find the mean
and Variance of Y.
(c) Calculate the variance of the random variable having densities: [2+7+7]
√ ∧2/2
i. The gaussian density fX1 (x) = (1/ 2π ) e−(X−m) , all x.
∧ 2/2
ii. The Raleigh density fx2 (x) = x e−X , X ≥ 0.

3. (a) What is the need for modulation? Derive the relation between the ouput
power of an AM transmitter and depth of modulation. Give output power in
case of critical modulation.
(b) The ouput RMS current of 60% modulated AM generator is 1.5 A. To what
values will this current rise if the generator is modulated additionally, by an-
other audio wave whose modulation index is 0.7? What will be the percentage
power saving if the carrier and one of the side bands are now suppressed?[8+8]

4. (a) Explain the indirect method of FM generation with relevant diagrams.

(b) A 500Hz modulating voltage fed to a PM generator produces a frequency
deviation of 2.25KHz. What is the modulation index, if the amplitude of
the modulating voltage is kept constant but its frequency is raised to 6KHz?
Determine the modified frequency deviation. [8+8]

5. (a) Specify various stages of generation of Pulse code modulation and explain the
function of each stage to improve the communication efficiency.
(b) The signal x(t) = 4 cos(2P i t × 103 ) is to be encoded into 16 levels with a
sampling rate of 4 KHz. [10+6]
Find the
i. Number of bits required per sample.

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Code No: RR311202 Set No. 4
ii. Quantization step size and
iii. Quantization noise level.

6. (a) State and prove sampling theorem in case of how pass signals.
(b) If a signal is naturally sampled with a sample width z and with frequency ws
rad/sec. Obtain the expression for Bandwidth. [8+8]

7. (a) The voice frequency-modulating signal of a PCM system is quantized in 16

levels with the following probabilities,
P1 = P2 = P3 = P4 = 0.1
P5 = P6 = P7 = P8 = 0.05
P9 = P10 = P11 = P12 = 0.075
P13 = P14 = P15 = P16 = 0.025
Find the information rate taking the band limiting frequency of the modulating
signal at 3 KHz.
(b) Derive the capacity for binary symmetric channel. [8+8]

8. (a) Obtain the parity Check matrix (H) and the generator matrix (G) of a (7,4)
Hamming code in systematic form and slow that GH T = 0.
(b) Describe the Hamming encoder with error detecting capability of 3. The
message length is 5 bits. [8+8]

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