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POLYMERS
MEANING OF POLYMER
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Molecule that consist of a large number of small identical or similar units joined together repeatedly are called polymer. The smaller molecules that make up the repeating unit in polymer are called monomer. The process of joining together a large number of monomers to form a long chain polymer is called polymerisation. Polymer can be naturally occurring or man-made (synthetic). Natural polymer are found in plant and in animals. Two types of polymerisation in producing synthetic polymer are additional polymerisation. Double bonds between two carbon atoms usually undergo addition polymerisation. 5. Shellac
3. Polystyrene
Monomer : Styrene
4. Polyethylene
Monomer : Ethylene
5. Polypropylene
Monomer : Propylene
NYLON
1. Nylon is a high strength fibre. It is used for making fishing nets, ropes, parachutes and type cords. 2. It is used for making fabrics in textile industry. 3. Crinkled nylon fibres are used for making elastic hosiery. 4. Nylon is widely used as plastic for making machine parts.
POLYSTYRENE
1. It is found frequently in the food industry which produces plastic forks, plates, food containers and many more. 2. Used as a disposable transportation system to keep hot and cold foods at desired temperatures.
3. Polystyrene is also found in the building business. Polystyrene block is used as an energy efficient means for constructing both homes and businesses.
POLYETHELENE
1. Polyethylene does not absorb water therefore is suitable for outdoor use when pigmented 2. Being a good insulator of electricity it is commonly used for electrical covers. 3. Being physically inert it is suitable for food preparation and contact areas.
POLYPROPYLENE
1. Many plastic sandbags, resealable food storage bags and candy packages consist of polypropylene because it withstand corrosion and abrasion without breaking. 2. In the medical industry, surgeons use sterile polypropylene mesh when repairing hernias, damage to the internal walls of the uterus and weakened urethras. 3. Automakers also install polypropylene tubes in areas where they require tough, heatresisting and semiflexible hoses.
SILICONE
1. Silicon is a semiconductor meaning electrical flow can be controlled by using silicon parts. In the electrical industry, silicon parts are used in computers, transistors, solar cells, LCD screens and other semiconductor devices. 2. Most silicon is used to manufacture aluminum-silicon alloys to produce cast parts. 3. silicon may replace coal as the main source of electricity.
material catches fire, poisonous fumes are produce causing air pollution. 2. Synthetic polymers are non-biodegradable. When there are discharge, they cause litter problem and pollute the environment. 3. Plastic container that are left aside in an open area collect rainwater which becomes the breeding ground for mosquitoes.
recyclable polymers in the mixture affect the properties of the recycled polymers.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
Ceramics may be opaque, which means it does not allow light to pass through it.
Cheaper
PRICE
Costlier
CRYSTALITY
Uses of Glass
Photochromic glass is sensitive to light intensity. The glass darkens when exposed to sunlight but becomes clear when the light intensity decreases. Used in spectacles.
Uses of Ceramic
Blades that are made from zirconium dioxide ceramics stay sharper for a long time but are more brittle than those made of steel.
Use of glass in buildings is a transparent feature to allow light to enter into rooms and floors, illuminating enclosed spaces and framing an exterior view.
Aerospace vessels uses heat-resistant tiles that are made from ceramic.
Ceramics are made into bulletproof materials that includes armoured fighting vehicles, ballistic armoured vests and military plane cockpits.
Used as ball bearings which are harder and more resistant to deformity under heavy loads
Used as an electric radiator which is an energy-efficient device that utilises less electricity that gas.
TYPES OF GLASSES
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Used to build magnetically levitate high-speed train Used to make chips for smaller and faster supercomputer Telecommunicate where the telephone substation are liked by fibre optic cabl es. Domestic cable television network Closed circuit television security system.
FIBRE OPTIC
Polyester plastic
PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS
1. When 0.01 to 0.1% of silver chloride (a type of photochromic substances) and a small amount of copper (II) chloride are added to molten silicon dioxide, photochromic glass is formed. 2. The photochromic glass has a special property. It darkens when exposed to strong sunlight or ultraviolet. 3. Photochromic lens that becomes dark in bright sunlight and becomes clear when out of the sun. 4. Photochromic glass is suitable for making sunglasses.