Code No: RR312003 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Derive the equations for isentropic efficiencies of compression and expansion
processes of turbine.
(b) A compressor dilivers air at a gauge pressure of 2 bar sucking air at a gauge
pressure of 0.1 bar and the corresponding temperatures are 1750 C and 3500 C
respectively. Find the specific work and efficiency of the compression process.
[16]

2. (a) What is boundary layer separation? How it affect when a fluid flows over a
an aerofoil?
(b) An aero plane wing area of 10 m2 is flying in a straight and level flight at a
speed of 40 m/s, if the lift and drag co-efficient are 0.7 and 0.2 respectively,
find the lift force and drag force. [8+8]

3. A single stage, single sided centrifugal compressor delivers 18 kg/s of air with a
pressure ratio 4 when running at 45000RPM. The conditions at inlet to compressor
are 1bar and 160 C, the lip factor is 0.9, the power input factor is 10.4 and the
isentropic efficiency of compression process is 75%. Find

(a) the final temperature of air

(b) power required
(c) the tip diameter of the impeller
(d) the blade angles at impeller eye, which has root and tip diameter 15cm and
35cm respectively. [16]

4. (a) Discus in brief the advantages of gas turbines over reciprocating engines and
vice versa.
(b) A gas turbine plant operating on a Brayton cycle takes air from atmosphere at
280 C and 1.01bar temperature and pressure respectively. The air is compressed
to 7bar in compressor. The maximum cycle temperature is limited to 7000 C,
mass flow rate of air is 8kg/s. Determine net work output, efficiency and work
ratio. Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.4. [6+10]

5. Steam issues from the nozzles of a deLavel turbine with a velocity of 1200m/s.
The nozzle angle is 200 ; the mean blade velocity is 400m/s, and the inlet and
outlet angle of blades are equal. The mass of steam flowing through the turbine is
90kg/hr. Calculate

(a) the blade angles

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 1
(b) the relative velocity of steam entering the blades
(c) the tangential force on the blades
(d) the power developed
(e) the blade efficiency. Take the velocity co-efficient of blades equal to 0.8. [16]

6. A reaction turbine runs at 300RPM and its steam consumption is 1500kg/h. The
discharge blade tip angles are 180 for both fixed and moving blades. The axial
velocity of flow is 0.8times the blade velocity. Determine the drum diameter and
blade height of the turbine where pressure is 1.9bar, dryness fraction is 0.95, and
the power developed is 3.5kW. [16]

7. The data pertaining to a stationary jet propulsion unit is as follows: Ambient con-
ditions 150 C and 1bar, pressure ratio 4.5:1, maximum cycle temperature 1000K,
compressor and turbine isentropic efficiencies are 75% and 80% respectively, com-
bustion efficiency is 0.95, and mechanical transmission efficiency is 0.98. For a mass
flow of 25kg/s calculate the specific thrust and thrust power. For air take Cp =
1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.4, for gases Cp = 1.33 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.33. [16]

8. Write the short notes-

(a) Mach number, Mach angle

(b) Reaction turbine
(c) Flame stabilization
(d) By-pass governing [4+4+4+4]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Derive the continuity equation for one-dimensional compressible flow in differen-

tial form? What are the assumptions made while deriving the above equation?
Establish the momentum equation for the compressible fluid flow? [16]

2. (a) Write a note on cascade testing of blades?

(b) An axial flow compressor pressurizes the air form atmosphere to 4bar and
the temperature rise of 1400 C. The power required to drive the compressor
is 2300kW. Determine the compressor efficiency and the mass flow of air de-
livered, if the mechanical efficiency to be 95% and pressure and temperature
1bar and 270 C respectively. Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.4. [6+10]

3. The following data pertaining to a centrifugal compressor:

overall diameter of the impeller - 60cm
speed - 14000RPM
slip factor - 0.9
power input factor - 1.04
eye tip diameter - 35cm
eye root diameter - 20cm
total mass flow - 20kg/s
inlet total head temperature and pressure - 250 C and 1.01bar
total head isentropic efficiency - 82%
Determine the total head pressure ratio and power required to drive the compressor,
if the velocity of air at inlet is axial. [16]

4. Air from atmosphere at 1.02bar and 270 C is compressed to 4bar in a compressor

with isentropic efficiency of 85%. The maximum cycle temperature is 6000 C, hot
gases expanded in a turbine with isentropic efficiency of 88%. If the Calorific Value
of the fuel used is 42,000kJ/kg and airflow rate is 90 kg/min. Find the net power
output, overall efficiency and air-fuel ratio. Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.4
up to the point of entry into the turbine and Take Cp = 1.114kJ/kg.K and γ =
1.33 there after. [16]

5. (a) What are the different types of nozzles? Explain each with a neat sketch.
(b) A convergent-divergent nozzle is required to discharge 2kg/s of steam at 7bar
and 1800 C and discharge takes place against a backpressure of 1bar. Expansion
is assumed to be isentropic and approach velocity is 75m/s. Estimate the
suitable area for the throat and exit. [6+10]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 2
6. A stage of an impulse turbine has two rows of moving blades separated by a fixed
blades separated by a fixed guide blades. The moving blades have tip angles of 380
and the blade speed, nozzle and fixed blade angles are designed on the assumption
that the velocity of discharge from nozzle is 540m/s. The relative velocity of steam
drops by 10% during passage through each ring of blades and the final discharge is
axial. Determine the blade speed and blade efficiency? [16]

7. A Turbo-jet engine inducts 51kg/s and propels an aircraft with an uniform flight
speed of 912kg/h. The isentropic enthalpy charge for the nozzle is 200kJ/kg and its
velocity co-efficient is 0.96. The fuel-air ratio is 0.0119, th ecombustion efficiency
is 0.96 and the lower heating value of the fuel is 10,500KJ/kg. Assume CV = 42
MJ/kg. Calculate

(a) the thermal efficiency of the engine,

(b) the fuel flow rate in kg/hr and total specific fuel consumption,
(c) the propulsion power in kW,
(d) the thrust power, and
(e) the propulsive efficiency. [16]

8. Write the short notes:-

(a) Blade terminology

(b) Compressible flow
(c) Characteristic curves of Centrifugal Compressor
(d) Classification of Gas Turbines [4+4+4+4]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Derive the continuity equation for one-dimensional compressible flow in differen-

tial form? What are the assumptions made while deriving the above equation?
Establish the momentum equation for the compressible fluid flow? [16]

2. (a) What is boundary layer separation? How it affect when a fluid flows over a
an aerofoil?
(b) An aero plane wing area of 10 m2 is flying in a straight and level flight at a
speed of 40 m/s, if the lift and drag co-efficient are 0.7 and 0.2 respectively,
find the lift force and drag force. [8+8]

3. A single stage, single sided centrifugal compressor delivers 18 kg/s of air with a
pressure ratio 4 when running at 45000RPM. The conditions at inlet to compressor
are 1bar and 160 C, the lip factor is 0.9, the power input factor is 10.4 and the
isentropic efficiency of compression process is 75%. Find

(a) the final temperature of air

(b) power required
(c) the tip diameter of the impeller
(d) the blade angles at impeller eye, which has root and tip diameter 15cm and
35cm respectively. [16]

4. (a) Explain the working of a closed cycle gas turbine unit with flow diagram and
T-S diagram.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a closed cycle gas turbine over
open cycle gas turbine. [8+8]

5. Find the throat and exit diameters for a nozzle to expand 0.5kg/s of steam from
6bar, 1700 C to 0.14bar assuming

(a) the expansion is friction less,

(b) a velocity co-efficient of 0.98 at throat and nozzle efficiency of 0.9 at entrance
to exit. [16]

6. A reaction turbine runs at 300RPM and its steam consumption is 1500kg/h. The
discharge blade tip angles are 180 for both fixed and moving blades. The axial
velocity of flow is 0.8times the blade velocity. Determine the drum diameter and
blade height of the turbine where pressure is 1.9bar, dryness fraction is 0.95, and
the power developed is 3.5kW. [16]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 3
7. (a) Differentiate Ramjet and Pulsejet.
(b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of Ram-jet and what are its appli-
cations? [8+8]

8. Write the short notes:-

(a) Stage and Overall efficiency

(b) Advantages of solid propellant
(c) Power input factor
(d) Throttle governing [4+4+4+4]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Derive the continuity equation for one-dimensional compressible flow in differen-

tial form? What are the assumptions made while deriving the above equation?
Establish the momentum equation for the compressible fluid flow? [16]

2. Air at 1.02bar and 300 C enters an axial flow compressor stage with an axial velocity
of 180m/s. The rotor stage has a tip diameter of 0.55m and 0.5m and rotates at
a speed of 6500RPM. The air enters the rotor and leaves the stator in the axial
direction with no change in velocity or radius. The air is turned through 300 as it
passes through rotor. Assuming constant specific heats and that the air enters and
leaves the blade at the blade angles. Determine

(a) mass flow rate,

(b) power requires,
(c) degree of reaction. [16]

3. A centrifugal compressor aspires air at pressure and temperature of 0.9bar and

70 C respectively, at a velocity of 110m/s. It is adiabatically compressed by the
impeller to 1.6 bar and 700 C, final exit velocity is 300m/s. If the mass flow rate
is 180 kg/min, calculate the power required to drive the compressor and estimate
the isentropic efficiency of the compression process. [16]

4. (a) With neat sketch explain the working of a gas turbine cycle with a heat ex-
changer. What are the advantages of this cycle?
(b) Explain with neat sketches the cycle arrangements with intercooling and re-
heating. [8+8]

5. The nozzles of the impulse stage of a turbine receives steam at 15bar and 3000 C
and discharge it at 10bar. The nozzle efficiency is 95% and the nozzle angle is 200 .
The blade speed is that required for maximum work, and the inlet angle of the
blades is required for entry of steam without shock. The blade exit angle is 50 less
than the inlet angle. The blade velocity co-efficient is 0.9. Calculate for a steam
flow of 1350kg/hr,

(a) the diagram power,

(b) the diagram efficiency. [16]

6. A stage of an impulse turbine has two rows of moving blades separated by a fixed
blades separated by a fixed guide blades. The moving blades have tip angles of 380

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 4
and the blade speed, nozzle and fixed blade angles are designed on the assumption
that the velocity of discharge from nozzle is 540m/s. The relative velocity of steam
drops by 10% during passage through each ring of blades and the final discharge is
axial. Determine the blade speed and blade efficiency? [16]

7. (a) Explain the working principle of Turbojet with a neat sketch and also draw
the thermodynamic cycle?
(b) Explain the working of Pulsejet with a neat sketch? List out the applications
of Pulsejet? [8+8]

8. Write the short notes:-

(a) Blade terminology

(b) Compressible flow
(c) Characteristic curves of Centrifugal Compressor
(d) Classification of Gas Turbines [4+4+4+4]

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