LATIH TUBI BIOLOGI SPM JABATAN PELAJARAN KEDAH MODUL 1 TOPIC: CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION SECTION

A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Answer all the questions 1. The diagram shows the structure of a plant cell as seen under light microscope. Which of the parts A, B, C or D controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

2.

The diagram shows the structure of an animal cell. Which of the structures A, B, C or D has chromosomes in it?

3.

The diagram shows a plant cell. Which of the structures A, B, C or D is tonoplast?

4.

In which of the following is mitochondrion most abundantly found? A An ovum C A nerve cell B A sperm cell D A monocyte The diagram shows an organelle.

5.

What A B C D

is the function of the organelle? to generate energy to synthesise protein to control the activities of the cell to act as the site for photosynthesis

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Which of the following is correct about the cellular structure and its function? Cellular structure Ribosome Lysosome Cell wall Rough endoplasmic reticulum Function To synthesise lipids To produce energy To control the passage of materials in and out of the cells To transport proteins to the Golgi apparatus

A B C D

7.

Which substance acts as the medium for chemical reactions in the cell? A Water C Fatty acid B Glucose D Amino acid What is the purpose of adding iodine solution to the onion epidermis when observing it under the microscope? A To test for starch B To separate the cells C To kill the cells D To stain the cells Which of the following organelles are involved in protein synthesis? I Nucleus II Ribosomes III Golgi apparatus IV Rough endoplasmic reticulum A B C D I and II only I, III and IV only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV apparatus is found in abundance in liver cells pancreatic cells interstitial cells in the testes goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only II, III and IV only

8.

9.

10.

Golgi I II III IV A B C D

11.

Which of the following represents the heart? A Cell C Organ B Tissue D System Cell specialization is important in A Enabling the different type of cells to function efficiently B Enabling the different type of cells to function simultaneously C Enabling the organs to control their excretory products D Enabling the cells to divide at a faster rate

12.

13.

The diagram below shows an organ system.

What I II III IV A C 14.

are the functions of the organ system shown above? To transport oxygen to the body cells To defend the body against diseases To remove metabolic wastes To help regulate the volume and composition of blood I and II only B I and III only II and IV only D III and IV only IV Phloem

Which of the following are organs of plants? I Xylem II Roots III Leaves A I and II only B II and III only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV

15.

Which similarity between Amoeba sp. and Paramecium sp. listed below is true? A Both of them move in the same way B Both of them have the same shape C Both of them are unicellular organisms D Both of them feed in the same way. The diagram below shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is the tissue found?

16.

A B 17.

Heart Pancreas

C D

Pancreas Small intestine

The diagram below shows the structure of a cell organelle.

Which cell does not possess the organelle shown in the diagram? A Guard cell B Epidermis cell C Spongy mesophyll cell

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D Palisade mesophyll cell Which substance acts as the medium for chemical reactions in the cell? A Water B Glucose C Fatty acid D Amino acid Which sequence correctly shows the involvement of organelles in protein synthesis? A mRNA, DNA, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus B DNA, mRNA, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum C mRNA, DNA, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosome D DNA, mRNA, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus The diagram shows the cell organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins.

19.

20.

Which of the following statements are true about the diagram? I Synthesis of protein occurs at Q II The synthesised protein are modified in R III Chromosomes in P carry the information for the synthesis of proteins IV The proteins travel through T without any change and is then released through S A I and III only B II and IV only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV SECTION B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS Answer all questions in this section. 1. Diagram 1 shows two types of cells.

Diagram 1 (a) Suggest one difference between cell A and cell B.

[1 marks]

(b) (i)

For each of the following cells, state one way in which it is different from cell B in Diagram 1. How does this difference help the cell to function efficiently? Sperm cell:

(ii) Red blood cell:

[4 marks] ( c ) (i) Name the structures labelled K and L. K: . L: .. [2 marks] (ii) What are structures K and L made of? [2 marks] (iii) State the special features of structures K and L. [2 marks] (iv) Explain how the compound in structure L helps it to carry out its function. [2 marks] 2. Diagram 2 shows two types of organelles found in the cell.

Diagram 2

(a)(i)

Name organelles P and Q.

P: Q: . [1 mark]

(ii)

State the type of tissues where organelle P and Q can be found in large numbers.

[2 marks] (b) Both organelles are involved in physiological processes of living cells. Explain the importance of both organelles to the cells.

[2 marks] (c) What are the differences between the reactions which take place in organelle P in an oxygenrich condition and in an oxygen-deficient condition?

[3 marks] (d) Explain the role of structure X in helping organelle Q carries out its function.

[3 marks] 3. Diagram 3 shows the structure of a leaf cell as seen under a light microscope.

Diagram 3 (a) On Diagram 3, label the parts P, Q, R and S. [2 marks]

(b)(i) (ii)

On Diagram 3, use the letter T to label the part of the cell where food is made. [1 mark] State the part of the leaf where T is most abundantly found.

[1 mark] (iii) Explain how T is adapted for the making of food. [2 marks] (c) In making food, water is needed by the cell. Water enters the plant through the roots. The roots have cells called the root hair cells. (i) In the space below, draw and label hair cell as seen under a microscope.

[2 marks] (ii) Give two differences between the root hair cell and the cell shown in Diagram 3. [2 marks] (d) Describe how water is absorbed by the root hair. [2 marks] SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTION 1. Diagram 4 shows five levels of cell organisation in man.

Diagram 4 (a) Describe the cell organisation in the formation of tissues, organs and systems based on the example of the digestive system of man shown in Diagram 4. [10 marks] (b)

MOST CELLS ARE SPECIALISED FOR THE FUNCTIONS THAT THEY PERFORM
Explain how the following cells are adapted for their functions: (i) (ii) Parenchyma cells Red blood cells [10 marks]

MARKING SCHEME MODUL 1 TOPIC: CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION SECTION A: Objektive questions: 1B 11C 2D 12A 3C 13D 4B 14B 5D 15C 6D 16A 7A 17B 8D 18A 9D 19D 10B 20A

SECTION B: Structured Questions 1. (a) Cell A contain chloroplast, vacuoles and has a cell wall, all of which are not found in cell B. (b) (i) A sperm cell has a tail and a high density of mitochondria which allow it to swim towards an ovum. (ii) A red blood cell does not have a nucleus. This increases the total surface area to volume ratio for the rapid diffusion of gases (c) (i) K: Plasma membrane L: Cell wall (ii) K is made of proteins and phospholipids. L is made of cellulose. (iii) K is semi-permeable or selectively permeable. L is permeable to all substances. (iv) Cellulose fibre is tough and fairly rigid. It enables the cell wall to provide support, strength and shape to the plant cell. 2.(a)(i) P: Mitochondrion Q: Chloroplast (ii)P is found in large numbers in muscle tissues. Q is found in large numbers in palisade mesophyll tissues. (b) *P is important for cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, the oxidation of glucose produces energy (ATP) needed for the contraction of muscle tissues. *Q is important for photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, Q absorbs energy from the sun to synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water. (c) * In an oxygen-rich condition, glucose is completely broken down. * Conversely, in an oxygen-deficient condition, glucose is partially broken down. * Therefore, less energy is produced in an oxygen-deficient condition than in an oxygen-rich condition. 8

(d)

*X is grana. *Grana contain chlorophyll which captures light energy that excites the electrons of chlorophyll molecules to higher energy levels. *This light energy is also used to split water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions. Q: Cytoplasm R: Vacuole S: Nucleus

3. (a) P: Cell wall (b) (i)

(ii) (iii) (c) (i)

Palisade mesophyll Chloroplast contains chlorophyll for absorptionof light energy for Photosynthesis

(ii) * Root hair cell does not have chloroplast while the cell in Diagram 3 has chloroplast * Root hair cell has a protruding structure but the cell in Diagram 3 does not have a protruding structure (d) * Water is absorbed by the root hair through osmosis * Cell sap of the root hair has a higher solute concentration than the soil water. SECTION C: Essay Question 1 (a) * Tissues are groups of cells that have a common structure and function.[1m] * Epithelial tissue consists of one or a few layers of epithelial cell, and is found covering the outside of the body or lining organs and glands. [1m] * Epithelial tissue acts as a barrier or protection. It helps to protect organs from injury and fluid loss [1m] * It is found lining the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, villi and most parts of the digestive system.[1m] * The epithelial cells are adapted for absorption or secretion.[1m] * The wall of the upper part of the oesophagus (an organ) contain voluntary muscles.[1m] * Peristalsis is assisted by the circular muscles (smooth muscle tissue)[1m] * All the muscle tissues are formed from groups of muscle cells.[1m] * The wall of the stomach (an organ) has three layers of smooth muscle tissue.[1m] * There are connective tissues in the digestive system. The connective tissues include all the blood cells.[1m] * The digestive system is made up of several organs that work together as one unit. They are the stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine (colon) and rectum. [1m] ---------------------Maximum:10m --------------------(b)(i) *Parenchyma is gneric tissue [1m] 9

*It consists of living cells with thin walls containing cellulose[1m] *Parenchyma cells are rather large and there are prominent air spaces between them[1m] *There are the sites of physiological and biochemical processes of plant, including photosynthesis, starch storage and protein synthesis[1m] *Some parenchyma tissues assist in the support of herbaceous plants, roots and leaves[1m] *Some parenchyma cells become modified and specialised and are found in certain parts of plants, such as the epidermis, mesophyll cells of leaves, endodermis and pericycle of the root[1m] (ii) * Red blood cell are felxible, concave discs [1m] * This shape gives the rred blood cells a maximum surface area, facilitating the transfer of gases into and out of the cells[1m] *The flexibility of the cells enables them to move through the blood capillaries as they can be squeezed. (The blood capillaries are slightly larger than the red blood cells)[1m] *Red blood cells / erythrocytes deliver oxygen to the tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs[1m] *Unlike most cells of the body, mature red blood cells do not have a nuclei.[1m] There are three reasons for this: -The main function of a red blood cells is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. The presence of a nucleus would decrease the amount of space available for the absorption of these gases.[1m] -The nucleus of a cell has a certain mass. Nucleated red blood cells would add significantly to the weight of the blood and increase the workload of the heart by about 20%.[1m] -Red blood cells are fully differentiated and do not require a nucleus to carry out the function of transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide[1m] --------------Maximum:10m ----------------

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